Objective To observe the expression of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy rats, and to investigate its contribution to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were sacrificed at 30 d, 60 d, 90 d, and 120 d respectively. Albuminuria excretion rate (AER), kidney weight index and serum creatinine (Scr) of the rats were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-silver-methenamine (PASM) staining were used to observe the renal pathological changes. CollagenⅣ(ColⅣ) and soluble tTG protein in kidney were examined by immunohistochemistry,insoluble tTG by immunofluorescence. Expression of total tTG mRNA in kidney was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results AER, kidney weight index and Scr of diabetic rats were all progressive during the period of the experiment. Compared with control group, the levels of ColⅣ, soluble tTG and insoluble tTG protein in kidneys of hyperglycemic rats were significantly increased at 30 d, 60 d, 90 d and 120 d(P

Objective Understanding the current elderly people’s excessive demand for inpatient services under NRCMS,summarizing characteristics and analyzing causes so to provide inspiration and support for the rational use of health services in rural areas.Methods 1 665 medical records of seniors were randomly selected from medical institutions of county and township levels in 2012.Based on such data,135 household surveys were made,comparing the reasonableness of their hospitalization.Results The unreasonable rate at county level is 14.29%,and 30.10% at township hospitals;The unreasonable rate of internal medicine,surgery and other sections at county level hospital are 1 7.65%、10.38%、9.49%,the unreasonable hospitalization rate of internal medicine,surgery and other sections at township hospitals are 31.98%, 1 9.77%,and 45.83% respectively;The unreasonable hospitalization rate of circulatory system,skeletal muscle type,injury and poison at county level hospital are 20.55%、24.00%、4.76%,the unreasonable rate of the circulatory system,skeletal muscle type,injury and poison at township hospitals are 35.69%,44.74%and 10.91%respectively.Elderly people’s excessive demand for inpatient services varies with their living condition,physical condition,the NCMS compensation policy and other factors.Conclusion To reduce the excessive demand,we put forward effective control measures from the service system,security system and social support,so as to effectively meet reasonable hospitalization demands in rural areas and social problems so incurred.

Objective To explore the effect of misoprostol combined with psychological intervention to prevent maternal postpartum hemorrhage, and to provide evidence for clinical prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.Methods 120 cases of delivery in maternal and child health care hospital of Ningxia autonomous region from March 2015-March 2017 were collected.All women were given misoprostol treatment after fetal delivery, according to whether or not to accept the individual psychological intervention were divided into intervention group and control group, 64 cases in intervention group, 56 cases in the control group.The control group received only routine symptomatic nursing,the intervention group received psychological intervention at the time of admission and postpartum psychological intervention.The maternal mental state, the third stage of labor time, the rate of postpartum hemorrhage, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage of 24 h, the degree of nursing satisfaction and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of anxiety, fear and depression in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The third stage of labor in the intervention group was shorter than that in the control group,the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was lower than that of the control group, and the amount of postpartum hemorrhage of 24 h was less than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the intervention group was 96.88%(62/64), and the nursing satisfaction was 78.57%(44/56)in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05).In the intervention group, two cases were prolonged labor, two cases were fetal distress, one case of placental abruption, in the control group three cases were prolonged labor, three cases of placental abruption, two cases of placenta previas.The incidence of complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference.Conclusion Misoprostol combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve maternal adverse psychological status, reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, reduce bleeding, improve nursing satisfaction.

Objective To observe the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in different stages of diabetic rats and investigate the potential role of BMP-7 in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Wistar rats were divided into diabetes mellitus(DM) group induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) , and normal control group injected with citrate buffer. The rats were sacrificed at day 30,60,90,120,150 and 180 following injection, respectively. The blood glucose,Scr, urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were measured in each rat before sacrifice. The renal pathological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (HE),periodic acid-silver-methenamine staining (PASM) and protein expression of collagenⅣ(ColⅣ). The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-7 and TGF-?1 in kidney were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-RCR) and immunohistochemical staining respectively, and were quantified by computer image analysis system. Results The levels of blood glucose and urinary albumin in diabetic group were remarkably higher than those in control group (P

Objective To assess the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in Dalian Zhangzidao.Methods 1021 residents of Dalian Zhangzidao were randomly selected and examined.General conditions,life style,behaviors,and family histories were investigated.And physical examination and corresponding lab indexes were recorded.Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.Results The prevalence rate was 9.50% for all,with higher in men(11.75%) than in women(7.32%)(?2=5.83,P

Objective To study the photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by a novel porphyrin-typed photosensitizer on human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cell and the mechanisms.Methods Experiments were derided into four groups:control group,PDT group,photosensitizer group and photosensitizer+PDT group.The photostability of novel photosensitizer upon repetitive illumination was evaluated by bleaching method,and cell survival rate was determined by MTT assay.Cellular uptake of novel photosensitizer was measured with luminescence spectrometer,and cellular localization ofphotosensitizer was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).Furthermore,apoptotic cell was detected with Hoechst 333342 staining.Results Novel photosensitizer was stable after repetitive light irradiation,and PDT or photosensitizer alone showed no dark cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cell (P＞0.05),but intense killing was observed in photosensitizer+PDT group (P＜0.05).The IC50 is 1.21 μmol/L.Cellular uptake of novel photosensitizer was concentration-dependent and the highest uptake is at concentration of 12.5 μmol/L.Novel photosensitizer localizes in lysosomes of HepG2 cell,and the death mode of HepG2 cell was mainly apoptosis.Conclusions Novel photosensitizer exerts profound cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cell mainly through the initiation of secondary cell apoptosis by lysosome destruction.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver X receptor ( LXR ) agonist on expression of fatty acid synthase( FAS) in diabetic kidney. Methods In the part of in vivo study, immunostaining was used to detect the FAS protein expression in kidney. 16-week-old male db/db mice on C57BL/6 background were administered via gavage a LXR synthetic agonist, TO901317, at a dose of 3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 or vehicle ( 0. 5%Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium, CMC-Na) alone for 7 d;Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of FAS and SREBP-1. In the part of in vitro study, MCT cell(a mouse murine proximal tubule cell line)was treated with 10μmol/L TO901317 for 24 h or transfected with active SREBP-1c expression vector (SREBP-1cN). HEK293 cells(a human renal tubule cell line)were transfected with mFAS-(1. 7 kb)-luc, LXR expression vector or SREBP-1cN for 12 h. Quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reproter assay were utilized to examine FAS mRNA level and FAS promoter activity. Results FAS was abundantly expressed in renal cortex, with low expresson in renal glomeruli. The mRNA and protein expressious of FAS in kidney of db/db mice were lowered compared with db/m mice. TO90137 treatment increased FAS mRNA expression by 1. 3-fold. TO901317 increased expression of SREBP-1 in kidneys of db/m and db/db mice by 5. 1-fold and 17-fold, respectively. TO901317 and overexpression of SREBP-1c increased expression of FAS in MCT cells by 1. 5-fold and 1. 8-fold. Transcription activity of FAS were induced by TO901317, LXR, and SREBP-1cN overexpressions in HEK293 cells. Conclusions Both direct(LXRE)and indirect(SREBP-1c)mechanisms may contribute to the up-regulation of FAS expression by LXR in renal proximal tubule cells.

Objective To study the changes and the role of MCP -1,IL -8,VEGF,NO,NOS in the T2DM patients with different types of CHD.Methods According to the result of coronary arteriongraphy and clinical symp-toms,and the diagnostic code of T2DM established by Chinese Medical Association diabetology branch in 2007, 126 patients of T2DMwith CHD were chosen and divided into two groups:ACS +T2DM group (A group,74 cases) and SAP +T2DMgroup (B group,52 cases),in addition,50 healthy people were chosen as control group.The levels of MCP -1,IL -8,VEGF were measured by the method of ELISA.The level of NO was measured by the method of nitrate reductase and NOS activity was measured by the method of spectrophotometer.Then,the results were analyzed. Results The levels of MCP -1 and IL -8 in A group and B group were[(115.98 ±39.57)pg/mL,(98.76 ± 31.55)pg/mL],[(131.22 ±42.83)pg/mL,(115.75 ±40.37)pg/mL],which were all higher than those in group C [(75.63 ±23.69)pg/mL,(68.53 ±37.85)pg/mL,t =4.12,2.26,3.78,2.21,all P <0.05)],but the VEGF [(167.87 ±54.98)pg/mL,(128.38 ±36.99)pg/mL)],NO[(46.89 ±12.92)μmol/L,(51.66 ±12.49)μmol/L)]and NOS [(39.04 ±5.19)U /mL,(40.56 ±7.03)U /mL)]were lower than those in C group [(90.21 ± 32.06)pg/mL,(64.05 ±13.58)μmol/L,(47.82 ±5.93)U /mL;t =3.05,3.17,2.43,2.79,2.49,2.25,all P <0.05].The MCP -1,IL -8 levels in A group were higher than those in B group(t =3.13,2.89,all P <0.05),but the level of VEGF and NO were lower than that in B group(t =3.04,2.95,all P <0.05),NOS in A group was lower than that in B group,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(t =1.06,P >0.05). MCP -1 was positively correlated with Il -8,VEGF (r =0.35,0.33,all P <0.01),and it had negative correlation with NO (r =-0.24,P <0.05).Conclusion Inflammatory factor and oxidative stress both participate in the T2DM with different types of CHD,it relates with the degree of CHD.

Objective To observe the changes of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2(Lp‐PLA2) in patients with athero‐thrombosis acute ischemic stroke and the correlation of Lp‐PLA2 with cerebra infarction volume ,neurologic impairment and early prognosis .Methods A total of 104 patients with atherothrombosis acute ischemic stroke and 100 healthy people(controls) were collected .The levels of Lp‐PLA2 were detected by immunoturbidimetry .The cerebral infarction volume was checked by Cranial MRI or CT .The neurological impairment degree was assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score .The early prognosis was assessed by Barthel index .The changes of serum Lp‐PLA2 levels in patients with different infarct volumes and neurologic impairment were compared ,the influence of early prognosis were analysised .Results The levels of serum Lp‐PLA2 in the patients with atherothrombosis ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0 .05) ,and signifi‐cantly correlated with the levels of serum LDLC (r=0 .859 ,P<0 .05) .The levels of serum Lp‐PLA2 were significantly correlated with the increasing of cerebral infarction volume and cerebral neurological impairments (r=0 .531 ,P<0 .05 ;r=0 .623 ,P<0 .05) . The patients with higher level of Lp‐PLA2 has poor prognosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The level of Lp‐PLA2 was significantly higher in patients with atherothrombosis ischemic stroke and may reflect the severity and early prognosis in patients with athero‐thrombosis acute ischemic stroke .

Objective:To explore the relations among screen-based sedentary behaviors ( SSB) , family factors and body mass index ( BMI) of children, and to study how family factors have effect on BMI through influencing SSB. Methods:A total of 1 846 students aged 7-11 years from 12 primary schools in one district of Beijing were included. Their body weight and height were measured to calculate the BMI. The time of SSB and family factors were investigated by using questionnaires. The time of SSB was the total time of watching TV and videos, playing computer games and iPad each day during the past 7 days recalled by children. The family factors included the parents’ education, occupation, the parents’ time of SSB, whether the parents told their child the harm of SSB, the parents’ time limit for the children’ s SSB. The parents’ education and occupation were used for calculating the family socioeconomic score. Results:The median time of SSB for children was 1 hour/day, and the interquartile range was 1 hour/day. The BMI of the children with the parents’ time limit for the children’ s SSB less than 120 min/day were smaller than the children with the parents’ time limit not less than 120 min/day, in both the boys (1. 63 kg/m2,P<0. 001) and the girls (0. 85 kg/m2, P=0. 004). The family socioeconomic score, the parents’ SSB time, whether the parents told their children the harm of SSB were not related to the children’ s BMI . The mediation effects of SSB time for children on the association between the parents’ time limit for the children’s SSB and BMI were-0. 222 kg/m2(95%CI:-0. 432, -0. 095) for boys and-0. 187 kg/m2 (95%CI: -0. 507, -0. 049) for girls , which accounted for 13. 67% of the total effects for boys and 22. 11% for girls. Conclusion:The parents’ time limit for the children’ s SSB has effect on their BMI through influencing their SSB time. Parents’ supervision on the behaviors of children produces larger benefit for BMI than health education conveyed by parents. Therefore, parents’ participation in su-pervising the behaviors of children are indispensable for preventing and controlling childhood obesity.