Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in a population over 40 years in a community in Shenzhen, China. Methods The subjects investigated were a population ≥40 years old in this cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling method was used to conduct the unified questionnaires, physical examination, and laboratory examination in the community residents, and then the survey data were used for online entry analysis. Results A total of 5 308 community residents were screened, and 160 experienced stroke. The crude prevalence of stroke was 3 014. 32/100 000. The prevalence of stroke increased with age, and that in males was significantly higher than that in females (3 721. 37/100 000 vs. 2 552. 93/100 000; χ2 = 5. 923, P = 0. 015). There were significant differences in the proportions of males, obvious overweight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, lack of physical activity, and family history of stroke, as well as age, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose level between the stroke population and the non-stroke population (all P < 0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1. 737, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 161-2. 600; P = 0. 007), diabetes (OR 1. 917, 95% CI 1. 209-3. 040; P = 0. 006), atrial fibrillation (OR 1. 699, 95% CI 1. 113-2. 592; P = 0. 014), family history of stroke (OR 1. 585, 95% CI 1. 126-2. 231; P = 0. 008), advanced age (OR 4. 645, 95% CI 1. 868-11. 551; P = 0. 001), and physical inactivity (OR 4. 921, 95% CI 3. 552-6. 187; P < 0. 001) were the independent risk factors for stroke, and lack of physical activity was an independent protective factor for stroke. The proportion of smoking in males was more than that in females in all ages(all P < 0. 05). The proportions of hypertension (P < 0. 001) and hyperlipidemia (P < 0. 001) were gradually increased with age, and physical exercise was gradually reduced with age (P = 0. 001, except for subjects > 80 years) in both males and females. The proportions of diabetes (P < 0. 001) and atrial fibrillation (P < 0. 001) in males, and obvious overweight (P = 0. 001) in females were gradually increased with age, and the proportion of smoking in males weas gradually reduced with age. The proportions of hypertension (P < 0. 001) and obvious overweight (P < 0. 001) in males were significantly higher than those in females at the age of 40 to 49 years. The proportions of hypertension (P < 0. 001), diabetes (P < 0. 001) and obvious overweight (P < 0. 001) in males were significantly higher than those in females at the age of 50 to 59 years. The proportion of hypertension in males was significantly higher than that in females at the age of 60 to 69 years (P = 0. 039). The proportions of hypertension (P = 0. 016), atrial fibrillation (P = 0. 028) and hyperlipidemia (P = 0. 023) in females were significantly higher than those in males at the age of 70 to 79 years. The proportion of obvious overweight in females was significantly higher than that in males at the age of ≥80 years (P =0. 001). Conclusions The crude prevalence of stroke is higher among the community residents. The the levels of exposure to stroke risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation are higher. It may be important to intervene on these risk factors in community residents, especially in elders and those with family history of stroke.

OBJECTIVETo establish a high-quality method for detecting short tandem repeats(STR) using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) in order to exclude maternal contamination and improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSTwo families were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood samples from the parents as well as amniotic fluid. Sixteen STR sites were amplified and analyzed based on the range of allele length reported by a STR database. Maternal DNA was mixed with DNA derived from amniotic fluid samples with the ratio 1:1, 1:4, 1:9, 1:19 and 1:99. vWA STR site was detected with DHPLC to confirm the sensitivity of detection.

RESULTSSixteen STR sites were analyzed by DHPLC, for which at least 10 were found to be different between the mothers and fetuses. The detection rate, with maternal contamination excluded, was 66.7%. And the sensitivity of detection was 1-10%.

CONCLUSIONMaternal contamination of amniotic fluid can be rapidly excluded with accuracy with DHPLC, which features a high sensitivity and good quality control, and can meet the European standards and provide a reliable quality control platform for prenatal diagnosis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; DNA ; analysis ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Contamination ; Female ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the changes of ventricular repolarization index on ECG and its relationship between prognosis in patients with acute cerebral trauma.Methods:From January 2014 to January 2018, data of 289 consecutive patients with emergency traumatic brain injuries were prospectively collected and ultimately 219 cases were selected into the study group. Meanwhile, 220 healthy persons matched by age and sex served as the control group. ECG indexes such as P wave dispersion (Pd), corrected QT(QTc), Tp-e and Tp-e/QT were all measured and calculated in the 1st and 72th hour. The independent sample t test and paired t test were used to compare the changes of the above indexes on the 1st day and the control group, the 1st day and the 3rd day, respectively, and the association between ECG indexes and the illness severity or adverse events (MACE) of the trauma group during hospitalization. Results:QTc, Tpec and Tp-e/QT of the acute cerebral trauma group increased on the 3rd day compared with the control group and on the first day, the differences were statistically significant ( P all <0.05). Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT in patients with moderate to severe brain injury in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (150.48±16.58 vs 130.14±11.86, P=0.006). 0.29±0.04 vs 0.23±0.03, P=0.030). Tpec and Tp-e/QT were significantly increased in acute brain truma patients with MACE during hospitalization compared with those without MACE (149.76±12.52 vs 128.84±12.47, P <0.001). 0.30±0.04 vs 0.21±0.03,<0.001). Conclusion:Tp-e and Tp-e/QT in patients with acute cerebral trauma are correlated to the severity of the disease, which could be used as short-term prognostic indicators under certain conditions.

Objective:To determine whether the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin (B/A) ratio was a useful prognostic factor of mortality in the patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB).Methods:Totally 1 120 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (VUGIB) admitted to the Emergency Department from January 2019 to December 2021 were prospectively and continuously collected and 449 eligible patients with acute non-varicose upper gastrointestinal tract were finally enrolled. The clinical data, laboratory tests and endoscopic results of the patients were recorded, and the data from the 30-day survival group and the non-survival group were compared and analyzed.Results:Significant differences were observed in age, mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, albumin levels, total protein levels, blood urea nitrogen levels, glucose, Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall, and AIMS65 scores between the survival and non-survival groups (all P <0.05). The B/A ratio in the non-survival group was significantly higher than that in the survival group [(24.9 ± 16.4) vs. (9.0 ± 8.6) mg/g, P<0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cutoff value of B/A ratio for predicting 30-day death was 32.08 mg/g, with a sensitivity of 0.776 and specificity of 0.823. There was a significant difference in the 30-day Kaplan-Meier survival curve between patients with B/A ratio ≥32.08 mg/g and those with B/A ratio <32.08 mg/g (Log Rank 32.229, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the B/A ratio (≥32.08 mg/g) was associated with 30-day mortality ( OR=4.87, 95% CI: 1.94-6.85, P<0.001). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for B/A ratio, GBS, Rockall and AIMS65 scores for predicting 30-day mortality were 0.855 (95% CI: 0.807-0.902), 0.849 (95% CI: 0.796-0.901), 0.657 (95% CI: 0.576-0.737), and 0.828 (95% CI: 0.774-0.883), respectively. Conclusions:The B/A ratio is a simple but potentially useful prognostic factor of mortality in the ANVUGIB patients.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with occupational melanosis. Methods Diagnostic data of 69 patients with occupational melanosis was analyzed using retrospective analysis. Results The main occupational hazards for the 69 patients with occupational melanosis were coal tar, petroleum and its fractionated products, pigments and dyes and their intermediates, rubber additives and rubber products. The median length of occupational exposure and disease latency were 8.0 and 6.0 years, respectively, with a highly positive correlation between them (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.962, P<0.01). Skin lesions were mainly found on exposed areas such as the face-to-neck and limbs, prevalence of 94.2% and 75.4% respectively. And 78.3% of patients had skin lesion on more than two sites. The lesions were mostly in the form of irregular flakes (59.4%), with a gray-black color (44.9%). About 43.5% of patients experienced skin itching. Complete blood count, liver function, and kidney function were all within normal ranges. Skin biopsy results showed that epidermal hyperkeratosis, thinning of the spinous layer, liquefaction degeneration of basal cells, increased superficial dermal melanocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and melanocytes around the blood vessels. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) detection showed focal liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the lesions, with a significant infiltration of melanocytes and inflammatory cells in the dermal papillae and superficial layers. Conclusion The primary target organ of occupational melanocytes is the skin, and no damage to other organs was identified thus far. Results from skin biopsies and RCM examinations can be used for differential diagnosis.

Gastric cancer is one of the malignancies with high incidence in the world. Xiangsha Liu Junzitang，a common prescription for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer，has the effects of moving Qi to relieve pain，drying dampness， and invigorating the spleen. It is especially indicated for gastric cancer of the spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome. Based on the databases such as CNKI，Wanfang Data，and PubMed，the clinical efficacy and experimental studies of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer were summarized and sorted out，and the mechanism of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer was elaborated in order to provide useful references for the clinical and basic research on Xiangsha Liu Junzitang in the field of gastric cancer in the future. In clinical practice，Xiangsha Liu Junzitang can treat gastric precancerous lesions，increase the body immunity of patients with gastric cancer，improve the symptoms of spleen and stomach weakness after gastric cancer surgery，and reduce the adverse reactions of the digestive tract after chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Its clinical efficacy is superior to that of western medicine alone whether it is combined with western medicine or used alone. In the experimental research，Xiangsha Liu Junzitang has the effects of regulating inflammatory factors，inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells，promoting the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells，and improving the activity of pepsin. Modern pharmacological research has shown that Xiangsha Liu Junzitang can conduct a comprehensive intervention with multiple components and multiple targets. The main components of a single drug contained include saponins，polysaccharides，lactones，volatile oils，organic acids，and others， with the effects of protecting gastric mucosa，regulating endocrine，and promoting apoptosis of epithelial cells in gastric mucosal dysplasia，reflecting the advantages and values of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.