Objective To prepare transferring and R8 co-modified liposome (TF/R8-LP)for forhepatoma targeting.Methods The co-modified liposome were prepared by film-ultrasonic method.The appearance,particle size,Zeta potential were evaluated.The cellular uptake by HepG2 cell in vitro was used to evaluate the targeting efficiency and in vivo imaging were used to evaluate the targeting efficiency. Results The particle diameter of the co-modified liposome was(108.5 ±12.6)nm and the Zeta potential was(24.15 ±4.78)mV.The liposome kept stable in 50% FBS at 24 h.The result demonstrated that the co-modified liposome uptaken by HepG2 were 2.4,2.6 times higher than that of R8-LP and TF-LP,respectively(P<0.05).The evaluation of tumor spheroid penetration and in vivo imaging results showed the co-modified liposome had the strongest fluorescence intensity. Conclusion The co-modified liposome might serve as a promising hepatoma delivery system of antitumor drugs.

Objective To study the changes of portal vein pressure before and after interventional embolization with α-cyanoacrylate alkyl and their clinical significance. Methods Thirty five patients with esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding were included. Esophageal-gastric fundal varices were embolized with e-cyanoacrylate alkyl in 35 patients, and 10 of them were treated with combination of partial splenic emblization. Portal pressure was measured directly before and after interventional embolization. The patients were followed up for 3-18 months. The changes of the liver functions and complications after the embolization were observed. Results All bleeding were controlled successfully. The main portal pressure in those who received variceal embolization only increased significantly from (32.54±5.23) cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0. 098 kPa) to (37.45±5. 11) cm H2O; superior mesenteric vein pressure increased from (31.46±4.35) cmH2O to (34.33±4.68)cm H2O; and the level of serum albumin raised from (30.45±5.78) g/L to (34.57±6.84) g/L 3 weeks after embolization. Whereas the main portal pressure in those who received both variceal and partial splenic embolizations, decreased significantly from (32. 68±4. 89) cm H2O to (28. 70±4. 58) cm H2O; superior mesenteric vein pressure decreased from (31.46±4.35) cm H2O to (28.03±4.12) cm H2O; and splenic vein pressure decreased from (32.89±4.79) cm H2O to (28.81±5. 12) cm H2O.Conclusions Esophageal-gastric variceal embolization is effective for varieeal bleeding. The increase of main portal pressure after embolization may be benefit for liver function, while the rise of superior mesenteric vein pressure may increase the risk of portal hypertensive gastrointestinal re-bleeding.Esophageal-gastric variceal embolization combined with partial splenic embolization may reduce the incidence of portal hypertension and gastrointestinal re-bleeding, but will increase the risk of ascites.

Background and purpose:Thalidomide can enhance the radiation sensitivity on tumor effectively, but the mechanism of radiosensitization is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether thalidomide could enhance the radiation sensitivity on colon cancer transplanted tumor of mouse, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: We established the model of colon26 colonic carcinoma, and the mice were divided into 4 groups:Control group, the thalidomide group, the radiotherapy group and thalidomide+radiotherapy group. From the day of treatment, tumors were measured every other day. Then, the xenograft tumor growth curve was depicted. Tumor volumes were measured in different treatment groups, then, the inhibitory rates of tumor growth were calcutated. Using immunohistochemical method in to detect the expression of microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue. Results:The mean tumor volumes at day 22 were (4.97±1.20)cm3 (control group), (2.90±0.92)cm3 (T group), (2.66±0.88)cm3 (R group), and (1.89±0.76)cm3 (T+R group). The tumor inhibition rate in the combination group (61.9%) was signiifcantly higher than the other groups (41.7%, 46.5%, P<0.05). The radiotherapy sensitization enhancement ratio of the combined treatment group was 2.27 times than in the radiotherapy group. Thalidomide combined with radiation therapy can significantly inhibit microvessel density of tumor:The decreasing MVD of T+R group, T group and R group were respectively 46.8%, 40.7%and 37.7%, and there was statistical significance between T+R group and T group (P<0.05 ), so as between T+R group and R group. It could be found more necrotic cells in tumor of group, and there was statistical signiifcance between T+R group and control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Thalidomide can enhance the radiosensitivity mice of colonic carcinoma, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis related.

The present work is to investigate the correlation between physical properties and deformation behaviors of tablet excipients, and rank them according to their plastic performances during compaction. The excipients selected were compacted using Korsch XP1 after measuring their physical properties where the compression parameters for evaluating deformation behaviors were Heckle equation, compression work and elastic stretch in die. The correlations between compaction descriptors and physical parameters were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis, and factor analysis was simultaneously employed to synthetically assess deformation behaviors for all our samples. The canonical variables show that true density (Pa) correlated negatively with plastic coefficient (PL) and positively with yield pressure (YP); compression degree (Cp) correlated negatively with fast elastic stretch (FES) as well as YP and positively with PL. When factor scores were used in combination with original data, the plasticity of our samples was sorted and ranked as high (-0.56 < F' < 0.21), intermediate (-0.16 < F' < 0.36), or low (0.38 < F' < 0.84), which are in accord with plasticity rankings previously reported in literature. This study indicates factor analysis can be an approach to evaluate deformation behaviors of pharmaceutical powders.

Objective To investigate the effects of different dietary patterns on brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in northern industrial cities. Methods According to the selection criteria,from 2014 to 2015, 22436 health checkup persons were selected as the subjects of Kailuan Group,they were followed up with health examination and questionnaire investigation, at the same time, the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity was detected. According to the dietary advice given by the Chinese dietary guidelines,the proportion of animal and plant food in the food frequency questionnaire and the supply of nutrients are divided into 4 groups,which are the traditional Chinese diet group (3 585 cases),the Western diet group (13 639 cases),the balanced diet group (1 309 cases),the Mediterranean diet group (3 903 cases). Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze he risk factors of atherosclerosis. Results The mean value of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in 22 436 cases was ( 1 462. 46 ± 320. 69) cm/s, and the incidence of peripheral arteriosclerosis was 50. 78%(11 392/22 436). The incidence of arteriosclerosis around the balanced diet group, the Mediterranean diet group,the traditional Chinese diet group and the Western diet group were 48. 82%( 639/1 309), 49. 12%(1 917/3 903),50. 49%(1 810/3 585),51. 51%(7 026/13 639),and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P＝0. 024); after adjusting other related risk factors,compared with the balanced diet group,the risk of peripheral arteriosclerosis in the Mediterranean diet group,the traditional diet group and the Western diet group was 121(95%CI:0. 557～2. 258),1. 015(95%CI:0. 663～1. 554),1. 033(95%CI:0. 677～1. 575), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of peripheral arteriosclerosis increased gradually in the balanced diet group,the Mediterranean diet group,the Chinese traditional diet group and the Western diet group, but there was no statistical significance in the risk of peripheral arteriosclerosis after adjusting other related risk factors. This Conclusion requires more large samples,long-term follow-up study to further confirm.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of latissimus dorsus flap used to reconstruct severe trauma on lower leg.Methods From May 2011 to September 2016,12 patients were treated for severe trauma on lower leg at Orthopaedic Department,General Hospital of Rocket Force.They were 10 men and 2 women,aged from 22 to 54 years (average,37.5 years).According to the Gustilo classification,their open fractures were of type ⅢA in 2 cases and of type ⅢB in 10.The areas of soft tissue defect ranged from 15 cm × 8 cm to 35 cm × 12 cm.Their wounds were covered with latissimus dorsus flaps;the dorsal expansion of the ankle joint was reconstructed after their bone infection was controlled.Two flaps were anastomosed directly to the anterior tibial vessels and one flap to the femoral vessels.The other 9 flaps were anatomosed to the lateral circumflex femoral artery,bridging with the greater saphenous vein (average length:32 cm).Ten flaps were neuroanatomosed with the motor branch of common peroneal nerve and 2 with the motor branch of vastus lateralis.The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated in terms of repair of soft tissue defects,control of infection and range of active dorsal flexion of the ankle at neutral position.Results The 12 patients were followed up for an average of 3.5 years (from 1 to 6 years).All the 12 flaps survived and infections were eradicated.The fractures were healed with muscle strength of grade 3 to grade 4.Their ankle extension was reconstructed.Their limbs were preserved with satisfactory limb function.The bone exposures of 5 cm × 3 cm and 6 cm × 3 cm in area after debridement respectively in 2 cases of Gustilo type ⅢA were covered with latissimus dorsus flaps.The range of active dorsal flexion of the ankle at neutral position increased from preoperative 10.5° to postoperative 19.1° on average.Conclusion In treatment of severe trauma on lower leg,latissimus dorsus flaps can be used to repair skin wound,control infection and reconstruct ankle function simultaneously,with advantages of reduced operative procedures,a high rate of limb preservation,and better function recovery.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of calycosin on oxidative stress andβ-cell apoptosis induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods RIN-m5F cells were divided into 5 groups:control group, STZ group, STZⅠgroup, STZⅡgroup and STZⅢgroup. The control group did not receive any treatment, while streptozotocin was added to the final concentration of 10 mmol/L in STZ group, STZⅠgroup, STZⅡgroup and STZⅢgroup. After the incubation with STZ for 6 h, calycosin was added to a final concentration of 10, 50 and 100 μmol/L in STZⅠgroup, STZⅡgroup and STZⅢgroup respectively. The cell viability and apoptosis was detected by CCK-8, LDH, caspase 3 and Tunel assay. The intracellular oxidative stress was measured using mitochondrial membrane potential, DCFH-DA, SOD activity and malondialdehyde levels assay. RIN-m5F cells were divided into control group, calycosinⅠgroup, calycosinⅡgroup and calycosinⅢgroup, which were treated with different concentrations (0,10, 50 and 100 μmol/L, respectively) of calycosin. The expression of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) in RIN- m5F cells was detected by Western blot. The translocation of Nrf2 was detected by immunofluorescence. In RIN-m5F cells were divided intoⅢgroup andⅣgroup,Ⅳgroup was pre-treated with protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitor. The effects of calycosin on Nrf2 translocation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were also observed. Results STZ could induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells. Calycosin did not affect normal RIN-m5F cells, whereas it reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by STZ in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of Nrf2 in RIN-m5F cells was not affected by calycosin, whereas it promoted the translocation of Nrf2 into nucleus. The ability of calycosin promoting Nrf2 translocation was decreased after PKC inhibitor treatment, and PKC inhibitor could also significantly attenuate the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic ability of calycosin. Conclusions This study shows that calycosin may play an anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic role by activating PKC to promote Nrf2 translocation, which is expected to be used as a new clinical drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the roles of tacrolimus pretreatment on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and its possible mechanism in a rat autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) model.Methods:For 24 specific pathogen free 8-10 week male Sprague Dawley rats (220-250g) were randomly and equally divided into three groups. The abdomen of sham-operated group was only opened and closed; the treatment with tacrolimus was administered via dorsal penile vein before the experiment in tacrolimus-pretreated group; the AOLT group and tacrolimus-pretreated group were set to construct the AOLT IRI rat models. The levels of ALT, AST, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in serum were tested after the reperfusion. The change of liver structure was evaluated by H&E staining. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay were used to test the mRNA and protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).Results:The levels of serum ALT (1 332.0±52.8) U/L and AST (2 472.0±257.8) U/L in the AOLT group were higher than the levels in the sham-operated group (65.0±17.4)U/L, (222.3±45.2) U/L and tacrolimus-pretreated group (789.9±54.0) U/L, (533.4±31.6) U/L. The differences were significant ( P<0.05). And in the tacrolimus-pretreated group there were less lesions in the liver than in the AOLT group. The serum level of TNF-α and IL-1β of the AOLT group were increased than the sham-operated group and tacrolimus-pretreated group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the AOLT group, the expressions of HIF-1α and HO-1 were increased significantly after the tacrolimus pretreatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Tacrolimus pretreatment could reduce rats hepatic cold IRI by inducing the expressions of HIF-1α and HO-1, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the flowability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powders by using appropriate methods.

METHODWith highly flowable direct compression excipients and Chinese traditional medicine powder as raw materials, the flowability of material powders is determined by the Carr method and the Jenike method.

RESULTThe Carr method and the Jenike method for the determination of the flowability of Chinese herb extract powder and direct-pressing excipients have no obvious difference. But the flowability of Chinese herb extract powder is not as good as direct compression excipients.

CONCLUSIONFrom the characterization results of both methods, we can find that the Carr method better reflects the actual flowability of TCM extracts, while the Jenike method can be used for guiding the design of the hopper device.

This paper reviews the history of traditional Chinese medicine powder from germination, birth, prosperity to the clinical application, which is gradually reduced. And it enumerates the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine powder taken orally, external application. The powder preparation process are outlined, summarizes the preparation results including crushing, drying, mixing, taste masking and inhibition of volatilization, sterilization with combining innovation and advice of researchers in the process of powder research. It discussed the main problems of restricting large-scale production that running through preparation, quality standard, clinical application (such as dependence of patients) of powder. Then, it forecasted that more and more hospitals and families will use traditional Chinese medicine powder to relieve pain of patients, in order to enhance the level of preparation and quality control, boosting the normalization and standardization of powder.