The performance and clinical application of the skull repair materials differ depending on their variety. Organic glass has ever been widely applied, but its biocompatibility is poor with the high infection rate of subcutaneous effusion; Bone cement is good at histocompatibility but bad at absorption, thus can be only used for parts of skull repair; Medical silica gel polyester grid is cheap and effective, however, local infection and material's expose occur, leading to unsatisfactory appearance; Titanium and Titanium-alloy, as one kind of high polymer materials, have achieved widely application on the clinical practice for repairing skull defects due to their good biocompatibility and physicochemical property, but many shortages are also observed. With the development of the society, patients require more and more, some insufficient materials for the repair have been abandoned, and the materials for repairing skull defects should be selected according to the individual condition. In this paper, various materials of the skull repair were compared concerning the property and clinical application, to search an optimal material for the skull repair, with the good biocompatibility and good clinical efficiency.

Virus hepatit is a severe infectious disease which threaten people's health.There is no specific and effective methods to treat it untill now.In recent years,gene therapy,anti-hepatitis virus,has made great progress in vitro and in animal.Gene therapy is going to be a important measure for treating virus hepatitis.However,ethical problems should be solved before appling it in clinic.

[Objective] To investigate the relevant factors of neonatal hemolysis, especial y the association between maternal health and neonatal hemolysis. [Methods]O and Rh positive pregnant women in late pregnancy in 497 cases, make physical identification, and track whether the newborn hemolysis. [Results] There were significant differences in different physical pregnant women in the postpartum hemolysis newborn during pregnancy, the partial repletion heat, phlegm dampness postpartum hemolytic disease of the newborn was a high incidence of pregnancy, the lowest incidence rate and quality of postpartum hemolytic disease of the newborn. [Conclusion]The constitution(partial phlegm, partial heat) pregnant women for health care, to achieve peace and reduce neonatal ABO hemolytic was significant.

Lung cancer is currently one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with an increasing trend of morbidity and mortality.The major causes of lung cancer are inhaled carcinogens, such as tobacco and environmental pollution, but a growing number of researches suggest that the incidence of lung cancer is closely related to genetic factors.In the past few years, great progress has been made in research on single nucleotide polymorphism of susceptibility gene in lung cancer, and the most studies that have aimed to ultimately provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the lung cancer have focused on screening of lung cancer etiology and developing gene therapy.In this review, the new findings of genetic susceptibility in lung cancer have been summarized.

Objective To study genetic polymorphism of DNA on seven isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was performed to amplify genomic DNA of the seven T. vaginalis isolates, including Beijing 1, Beijing 2, Chengde, Tangshan, Jiujiang 1, Jiujiang 2 and Jiujiang 3. The DNA bands detected were analyzed by clustering analysis with SPSS software. Results The percentage of genetic similarity among the seven isolates was from 77.4% to (94.7%,) showing a close genetic relationship among them. The percentages between the isolates of Beijing 1 and Tangshan, Jiujiang 1 and Jiujiang 2, Beijing 2 and Jiujiang 3 were 89.2%, 92.1% and 94.7% respectively, while that of Jiujiang1 and Chengde was 77.4%, indicating a lower homology. Conclusion There are a close genetic relationship and certain gene polymorphism among the seven T. vaginalis isolates; geographical origin plays little role to the genetic characteristics.

Objective To discuss the methods and effects of replantation to treat complex thumb severance. Methods 56 cases of complex thumb severance combined with soft tissue defects were treated with simple vessel transplantation, veno flap transplantation, dorsal index digital island flap transplantation, digital artery transfer, transfer of radial index digital artery pedicled island flap, or veno arteriolization. The soft defects were repaired by the transfer of extensor index finger tendon and superficial ring finger flexor tendon. Results 50 cases survived and 6 cases failed, with the survival rate being 89%. 42 cases were followed up for 5 to 25 months. The function of the treated thumbs was assessed as excellent in 10, good in 25 and bad in 7. The excellent and good rate was 83%. Conclusion Complex thumb severance can be treated by unconventional replantation so as to achieve good effects.

Objective To study genetic polymorphism of surface adhesion protein 33 (AP33) gene on the seven isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods PCR technique was performed to amplify AP33 gene from the seven isolates, DNA sequences were obtained from the AP33 gene of the isolates and phylogenetic tree was built. Minimal lethal concentrations(MLC) of metronidazole on the isolates were measured in vitro. Results Percentage of the similarity between 7 isolates and U87098 in GenBank was 98.2%-100%,which indicated a high homology and belonged to isotype isolates. There were four branches between Beijing 1 isolate and Tangshan isolate, Jiujiang 1 isolate and Jiujiang 2 isolate, Beijing 2 isolate and Jiujiang 3 isolate, Chengde isolate and U87098 isolate in phylogenetic tree, which showed a close genetic relationship respectively. No relativity was detected between geographical origin and genetic relationship. Conclusion There is a close genetic relationship among the seven T. vaginalis isolates. MLC showed a difference between isolates which have close relationship.

The processing methods of plant nematode slides were introduced in this paper,including temporary mounts,permanent mounts and the stain method for nematode.Each method was described step by step in detail.These methods were essential to the study on classification,identification and characteristics of the plant nematode.

Classification of plant nematodes was summarized in this paper.Points of view on taxonomy of plant nematodes were listed.Some serious plant diseases which were infected by plant nematodes were involved.Identification of genus was introduced,including Meloidogyne,Heterodera,Ditylenchus,Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus.

Objective To investigate the impacts of valsartan on cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in vascular smooth muscle cells,and discuss whether the mechanism is relevant to AMP-Activated Protein Kinases.Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) were designated to 5 groups:①control (DMSO) group,②Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang]Ⅱ) 100 μmo]/L group,③Angiotensin lⅡ 100 μmol/ L + valsartan 10 μmol/L group,④Angiotensin Ⅱ 100 μmol/L + valsartan 10 μmol/L + compound C 1 μmol/L group,⑤ Angiotensin Ⅱ 100 μmol/L + 5-Aminoimidazole-4earboxamide-ribo-nucle-oside (AICAR) 100 μmol/L group,after 24h incubation,the intracellular activity of Caspase 3 was measured by spectrophotometry,the cell apoptosis were enumerated by low cytometry,the intracellular AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (AMPK) phosphorylation and total expression quantity were examined by western blot,the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA,the intracellular activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by WST-1 method,the intracellular activity of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBA method.Two groups were compared by using Student t test.Differences among multiple groups were evaluated by ANOVA.Results Compared with control group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ group was increased [(45.46 ± 15.40)％ vs.(1.88 ± 3.28)％,P =0.002],the synthesis of ROS was increased [(9.24 ±0.46) vs.(1.00 ±0.00),P＜0.01],theactivity of Caspase 3 was increased [(35.03 ± 3.54) vs.(13.33 ± 1.79),P ＜ 0.01],the activity of MDA was increased [(4.32 ±0.73) vs.(2.05 ±0.18),P＜0.01)],the phosphorylation of AMPK was decreased,the activity of SOD was decreased [(90.29 ± 14.73) vs.(136.02 ± 18.82),P =0.001];compared with Angiotensin Ⅱ group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsartan group and Angiotensin Ⅱ + AICAR group were decreased [(24.91 ±8.46)％ vs.(45.46±15.40)％,P=0.031];[(27.90 ±4.39)％ vs.(45.46 ± 15.40)％,P =0.038],the synthesis of ROS was decreased [(2.37 ±0.05) vs.(9.24±0.46),P＜0.01];[(2.79±0.31) vs.(9.24±0.46),P＜0.01],the activity of Caspase3wasdecreased [(18.08±2.69) vs.(35.03±3.54),P＜0.01];[(27.83±3.56) vs.(35.03 ± 3.54),P =0.002],the activity of MDA were decreased [(3.25 ± 0.55) vs.(4.32 ± 0.73),P=0.017];[(3.46±0.60) vs.(4.32±0.73),P=0.047],the phosphorylationofAMPKwas increased,the activity of SOD was increased [(140.71 ±20.27) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P ＜0.01];[(116.73 ± 17.96) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P =0.029];compared with Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsarntan group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsartan + compound C group was increased [(43.84 ± 12.00) ％ vs.(24.91 ± 8.46)％,P =0.043],the synthesis of ROS was increased [(4.64 ± 0.15) vs.(2.37 ± 0.05),P ＜ 0.01],the activity of Caspase 3 was increased [(25.64 ± 3.52) vs.(18.08 ± 2.69),P=0.011],the activity of MDA was increased [(5.12 ±0.92) vs.(3.25 ±0.55),P＜ 0.01],the phosphorylation of AMPK was decreased,the activity of SOD was decreased [(99.48 ± 16.59) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P =0.002)].Conclusions Valsartan could inhibit angiotensin Ⅱ-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via activating AMPK,suppressing the synthesis of ROS and the activity of MDA,elevating the activity of SOD.