Objective To explore the clinical effects of single-agent Xeloda (Capecitabine) therapy and the related risk factors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Method Seventy-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with oral Xeloda, 1250 mg/m 2 twice daily, on days 1-14 every 21 days. At least 2 cycles were administered. The short-term clinical effects were evaluated, and the related risk factors were tested by Logistic regression analysis. Results The overall response rate was 32.05%with 5 cases complete response (CR), 20 cases partial response (PR), 31 cases stable disease (SD), 22 cases progress disease (PD). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the age (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.015~2.319), fast blood glucose (OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.483~3.677), albumin (OR=1.98, 95%CI 1.526~2.572), ALT (OR=2.37, 95%CI 1.621~3.509) and AST (OR=2.21, 95%CI 1.526~2.572) were independent risk factors for inefficient treatment. Conclusion The single-agent Xeloda (Capecitabine) is an efficacious treatment for the patients with advanced colorectal cancer. However, the inefficient rate is also high and it relates to a variety of factors. We should comprehensively evaluate the patients to improve the short-term clinical effects.

Tumor occurrence is usually recognized as the interplay between genetic variations within the tumor and the environment. During a long time, great effort has been made in killing cancer cells. However, the role of tumor microenvironment has been largely ignored, which plays an important role in tumor generation, growth, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, tumor microenvironment not only facilitates the tumor infiltration, but also promotes the exchange of enzymes and cytokines to aid tumor proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Thus, better understanding of tumor microenvironment shows great importance. Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought new approaches to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanoparticles were suggested to show enhanced efficacy, while simultaneously reducing side effects and promoting bioavailability, owing to properties such as tumor localization and active cellular uptake. Additionally, nanoparticle surface chemistry has evolved from conventional synthetic polymers to more biologically inspired strategies, including cell membrane and self-recognition peptides, to minimize nonspecific uptake of nanoparticles. In the current review, we highlight the targets in tumor microenvironment and the strategies of nano drug delivery system to target tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cancer. We also highlight design considerations to improve nano drug delivery.

To obtain the functional fusion protein of rhoptry protein 2, compound rhoptry protein2 and surface antigen 1 of Toxoplasma gondii. the ROP2 and P30 genes from genomic DNA of T.gondii RH strain were amplified by PCR, and were inserted into pMD18-T cloning vector. Then the ROP2 fragment was subcloned to pET-30a(+) plasmid digested by EcoRⅠand Hind Ⅲ to construct plasmid pET-ROP2. Furthermore,the P30 fragment was subcloned into pET-ROP2 digested by BglⅡand EcoRⅠto create plasmid pET-ROP2-P30, the resulting recombinant plasmids , transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3), were induced with IPTG. and the proteins identified by SDS-PAGE were further purified and refolded. The biological activity was analyzed by Western blot with specific antibody. It was found that the sizes of ROP2 and ROP2-P30 were 1212 and 1896bp with corresponding molecular weight 50- kDa and 75-kDa, respectively. The recombinant protein ROP2 (50-kDa) could specifically react with rabbit-polyclonal antiserum, and complex fusion protein ROP2-P30 (75- kDa) could react with P30 monoclonal antibody.

Intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are important risk factors and pathological mechanisms of colorectal polyps. "Spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" is the core pathogenesis of colorectal polyps. The imbalance of intestinal flora is related to spleen deficiency, and the application of Chinese herbs for invigorating spleen is helpful to the recovery of intestinal flora balance. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is related to dampness accumulation, and it is effective to treat it with bitter and spicy herbs or spleen-invigorating and dampness-eliminating herbs. The interaction between intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism changes intestinal microenvironment, damages intestinal epithelial cells, causes abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells and leads to colorectal polyps, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thus, we tried to explore the biological connotation of the pathogenesis of "spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" of colorectal polyps from the perspective of the interaction of intestinal flora and glucose and lipid metabolism, in order to provide reference for identifying high-risk population and analyzing the therapeutic mechanism of compound prescription for invigorating spleen and removing dampness.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of CT signs of ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (ICLNM) in single papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by multivariate regression analysis.Methods The CT data of 302 single PTC with diameter ＞1.0 cm confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The optimal thresholds of lymph node metastasis diameter were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.And multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between lymph node size,degree of enhancement,calcification or cystic degeneration,central turbidity,positive lateral cervical lymph nodes and the ICLNM positivity.Results In 302 PTC,the proportion of ICLNM positive and negative was 63.6％ (192/302) and 36.4％ (110/302),respectively.According to the ROC curve,with the increase of lymph node diameter,the sensitivity of diagnosing lymph node metastasis decreased and the specificity increased.When the threshold was 0.4 cm,Youden index was the largest (0.358),and the sensitivity and specificity was 50.5％ and 80.3％,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the diameter≥0.4 cm,high enhancement,central turbidity and lateral cervical lymph nodes positivity were the independent risk factors of ICLNM,and the OR values were 4.189[95％ CI (2.037-8.617)],3.875 [(95％ CI (1.561-9.617)],4.054[(95％CI (2.230-7.371)] and 8.735 [(95％ CI (1.093-69.831)],respectively.Calcification or cystic degeneration was not statistically significant in ICLNM.Conclusions The diameter ≥0.4 cm,high enhancement,central turbidity and lateral cervical lymph nodes positivity are the independent risk factors of ICLNM.Although calcification or cystic degeneration is not the independent risk factor,it has high accuracy for ICLNM positivity.The accurate identification of these signs can help surgeons to take a more thorough surgical treatment and has great significance to reduce postoperative recurrence.

Objective To analyze and estimate, the treatment of patients with histologically confirmed subependymal giant-cell astroeytoma (SEGCA). Methods The data from 23 patients with SEG-CA who were diagnosed between February 1995 and February 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery and radiotherapy had been used for treatment. Results Total resection was 16 cases, subtotal resection was 7 cases, radiotherapy was 17 cases. The average follow-up time was 53 months.One postoperative SEGCA recurrence. Epilepsy was totally disappeared in 17.6% (3/17), partly disappeared in 47.1%(8/17). All cases survived. Conclusions The key of treatment is total resection. The significance of radiotherapy is not sure. The overall prognosis of SEGCA is favorable.

Objective To examine the diagnosis and outcomes in the treatment of the patients with histologically confirmed central neurocytoma (CNC). Methods The data from 71 patients with CNC who were diagnosed between March 2003 and December 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery, and radiotherapy had been used for treatment. Results The average bulk of tumors was 40 cm3. The median follow-up was 22 months. The 22 months overall survival and local control rate was 95.8%(68/71) and 95.6%(65/68), respectively. Conclusions The overall prognosis is favorable although the follow-up is not very long. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy can significantly improve local control.

Recent studies heve demonstrated that Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila) plays an important role in human health and disease , including regulating the development of the immune system and the metabolic phenotype of the host.This article reviews the research progress on A.muciniphila in recent years, focusing on the basic characteristics , the influencing factors of colonization , and the underlying mechanism of maintaining intestinal homeostasis of A.muciniphila.Additionally, the article summarizes the potential association between A.muciniphila and the chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity , atherosclerosis,diabetes mellitus and infectious diseases.The perspect of A.muciniphila as a new generation of probiotics in clinical medicine and the challenge for its industrialization are also discussed in the article .

A total of 225 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) admitted to the General Hospital of Shaoxing Second Hospital Medical community from May 5, 2020 to May 28, 2022 were enrolled (CRC group), and 101 healthy subjects underwent colorectal examination were selected as the control group. The tissue biopsy samples of all subjects were obtained by colonoscopy, and subjected to Sanger sequencing to determine the polymorphism sites of the syndecan-2 (SDC2) gene. The association between SDC single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and colorectal cancer in CRC patients was analyzed with logistic regression. The logistic regression analysis showed that the gene polymorphism of SDC2 rs2515127 was associated with colorectal cancer ( OR=1.643, 95% CI: 1.025-2.337, P=0.012). The frequency of GG, AG and AA the in genotypes of SDC2 rs2515127 was 60.7% (102/168), 30.4% (51/168) and 8.9% (15/168), respectively. The results showed that the gene polymorphism of SDC2 rs2515127 was associated with colorectal cancer, and the frequencies of GG and AG genotypes were higher in the genotypes of SDC2 rs2515127.

Both immunosuppressants and antibiotics (ABX) are indispensable for transplant patients. However, the former increases the risk of new-onset diabetes, whereas the latter impacts intestinal microbiota (IM). It is still unclear whether and how the interaction between immunosuppressants and ABX alters the IM and thus leads to glucose metabolism disorders. This study examined the alterations of glucose and lipid metabolism and IM in mice exposed to tacrolimus (TAC) with or without ABX. We found that ABX further aggravated TAC-induced glucose tolerance and increased insulin secretion. Combined treatment resulted in exacerbated lipid accumulation in the liver. TAC-altered microbial community was further amplified by ABX administration, as characterized by reductions in phylum Firmicutes, family Lachnospiraceae, and genus Coprococcus. Analyses based on the metagenomic profiles revealed that ABX augmented the effect of TAC on microbial metabolic function mostly related to lipid metabolism. The altered components of gut microbiome and predicted microbial functional profiles showed significant correlation with hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose disorders. In conclusion, ABX aggravated the effect of TAC on the microbiome and its metabolic capacities, which might contribute to hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose disorders. These findings suggest that the ABX-altered microbiome can amplify the diabetogenic effect of TAC and could be a novel therapeutic target for patients.