Hyperthyroidism is a clinically common endocrine disease. It often has no specific clinical symptoms in the early stage and is easily overlooked. The long-term effects of excessive thyroid hormones in the body can alter cardiovascular hemodynamics, which may lead to heart enlargement, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Cardiovascular disease is one of the common complications of hyperthyroidism, but it is the main cause of death. This article focuses on the related cardiovascular diseases of hyperthyroidism, and summarizes the molecular mechanism of thyroid hormone on the heart, the mechanism of hyperthyroidism induced heart failure, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, and the treatment and prognosis of hyperthyroidism. In addition, we also analyzed the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. When combined with risk factors, subclinical hyperthyroidism patients need early treatment. It should be noted that long-term use of amiodarone can cause secondary hyperthyroidism, which should be used with caution in clinical use.