Gallbladder cancer is a disease associated with high mortality. Improvement of early diagnosis is of great significance to prolong the survival. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, cholelithiasis, anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, focal mucosal microcalcifications, and et al.Advances in endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram and helical computed tomography have enhanced preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Understanding the characteristics of gallbladder cancer with the help of multiple imaging modalities can facilitate accurate diagnosis and may also help in sorting patients to undergo extended resection or an alternative therapy. Resection is currently the most effective and only potentially curative treatment for gallbladder cancer.However, owing to its non-specific symptoms, gallbladder cancer patients often suffer from late diagnosis, and few patients are suitable for surgery. Other treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, percutaneous biliary drainage, palliative surgery are used in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.For jaundiced gallbladder cancer patients, preoperative biliary drainage is still under debate. Since biliary inflammation adversely affects the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients,antibiotics with high concentration in bile is recommended for selected patients. Palliative treatment and molecular target therapy are promising for patients with inoperable gallbladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application value of combined detection of fecal pathogens in infantile diarrhea.METHODS The Escherichia coli was detected by potato-dextrose agar(PDA) medium method and serum agglutination test was used to determine the serotype.The rotavirus,enteric adenovirus and Campylobacter jejuni were detected with latex agglutination test antigens.RESULTS Among the diarrhea children,the detection rate of rotavirus,C.jejuni to their,E.coli 1.5%,and adenovirus was 33.0%,7.2%,1.5% and 0.7%,respectively.The proportion of male and female detected positive was 1.6∶1.CONCLUSIONS The main etiologies of infantile infectious diarrhea are rotavirus and C.jejuni.The infection rate of E.coli and enteric adenovirus is lower.Therefore,combined detection of pathogens causing diarrhea is valuable to diagnose the infantile diarrhea.

Complicated bile duct injury greatly affects quality of patients' life and even threatens their life safety because it is difficult to be recognized and reconstructed,also with the poor surgical effect.Regarding to the surgical timing of complicated bile duct injury,it still have a big controversy.Here we would discuss the timing of surgeries for bile duct injury.We consider that it should be reconstructed when it is recognized during operation,even converted to laparotomy for laparoscopic surgeries.About postoperative cases,we think that it should be operated to explore damage range and reconstruct for those cases found within 48 hours and without obvious infection.However,reconstruction should be performed after 6 weeks for those found after 48 hours or with biliary duct infection.

110 g/m~2 in woman) were 94 subjects and non-LVH group 146 subjects.Results The average levels of 24-hour pulse pressure,day time pulse pressure,night time pulse pressure and AOD were significantly different between patients with LVH and without LVH(P

Objective To investigate T-cell receptor(TCR)ζchain gene expression level in peripheral blood T cells from patients with multiple myeloma(MM),thereby to estimate the feature of T cells activation status.Methods Real-time PCR with SYBR Green I technique Was used for detecting TCR ζchain expression level in peripheral blood mononuelear cells(PBMC)of 24 cages with MM and 24 normal individuals.β2-microglobulin(β2M)gene expression was used as an endogenous reference.Relative changes in TCRζchain expression level were analyzed by the 2-△α×100%method between patients with MM and normal individuals.Results Compared with normal individuals,TCRζchain gene expression was obviously down regulated in PBMC from patients with MM(P=0.019).The expression level of TCR ζchain gene is not significantly age-associated in MM patients[(1.83±1.72)%,(3.46±2.75)%](P=0.525).Conclusion This is the first description in the expression feature of TCRζchain gene in MM patients.TCRζchain expression Was decreased in most of MM patients,which might be related to celhar immunodeficiency.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features and safety of surgical treatment in aged patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical data of 316 patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy in our hospital from December 2005 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an aged group (≥60 years,n= 72) and a non-aged group (＜60 years, n=244). The clinicopathological data and surgical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results The aged group presented less hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rates and vascular invasion and a lower alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value when compared with the non-aged group (P＜0.05). No significant differences were found in the extent of hepatectomy, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, incidence of postoperative complication and mortality rate between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The aged patients with HCC were characterized by less HBsAg positive rate, vascular invasion and lower alphafetoprotein (AFP) value. Surgical resection for HCC in aged patients is safe. The attitude toward surgical treatment of aged patients with HCC should be active.

Objective To improve the fixation method of indwelling needle inserted in the tail vein in rats to keep the inserted needle for a longer indwelling time .Methods One hundred healthy Wistar rats ( age 5~6 months, male:female=1:1) were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group .Rats in both groups received the same tail vein indwelling needle puncture and cannulation .The control group got the traditional fixation , namely fixed by sticking with 3M transparent dressing paste .The experimental group received in addition to the traditional fixation, a 0.1 mm-thick aluminum tube placed outside the needle fixation site .The indwelling time in the rats were recorded and analyzed .Results The indwelling time was (166.86 ±9.03) h and (20.24 ±5.04) h in the experimental and control groups, respectively (t =68.546, P<0.01).Conclusions Our improved method is safe and reliable.It can prolong the indwelling time of the punctured intravenous indwelling needle , and provides a useful rat model in studies on the complications of intravenous indwelling needle kept for a longer time .

Objective To understand the awareness degree and the dietary intake of acrylamide (AA) in food among preventive medicine professional undergraduate students in a university of Xianyang city .Methods 28 kinds of fried and baked food frequently eaten by undergraduates were selected as the respondents .The food-frequency method was adopted to perform the questionnaire in-vestigation on 248 undergraduates sampled from grade 1-5 of preventive medicine professional undergraduate students by the clus-ter sampling .Results More than 38 .71% of the investigated students had never known about the acrylamide ,32 .26% of the inves-tigated students had heard but did not know what it was ,11 .26% students knew about its hazard .The AA dietary intake was about 31 .57 μg/d per person ,and there was no statistical difference in the AA dietary intake between different sexes and grades .Conclu-sion The awareness degree of AA among investigated preventive medicine professional undergraduates is relatively low .Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of the AA-related food safety knowledge .

Aim To investigate the role of adrenomedullin on cell proliferation in renal interstitial fibrosis mice. Method Renal interstitial fibrosis model was induced with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and valsartan(10 mg?kg?d-1) was given by gavage. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect expressions of PCNA, Col Ⅲ and TGF-?_1 in the kidney of wild type (WT) and adrenomedullin knockout (AMKO) +/-mice. Results The number of PCNA positive cells was increased in WT-UUO group compared with WT sham group and was partially reduced by Valsartan in WT-UUOV group. AMKO group showed higher expression of PCNA than WT group, and it increased more remarkably in AMKO-UUO mice but was reduced by Valsaltan in AMKO-UUOV group. Expressions of Col Ⅲ andTGF-?_1 were upregulated in AMKO-UUO mice, and this change was inhibited by Valsaltan.Conclusion Adrenomedullin play an important role in the process of cell proliferation in renal interstitial pathological changes by UUO.

Objective To analyze the T- cell receptor excision DNA circles (TRECs) level and evaluate the thymic recent output nave T cells function in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods Quantitative detection of TRECs in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 9 cases with APL were preformed by real- time PCR (TaqMan) analysis. The TRECs- number was related to the number of T- cells by determination of the number of CD-3 positive cells. 14 normal individuals served as controls. Results In comparison with normal individuals [ (4.10?3.65) copies/1000 PBMC and (6.36?5.28) copies/1000 CD+3 cells], a dramatic reduction of TRECs values in patients with APL [ (0.13?0.22) copies/1000 PBMC and (0.77?1.60) copies/1000 CD+3 cells] could be found (P =0.0004, P =0.0005). Conclusions This is, to our knowledge, the first description of TRECs level which was markedly reduced in APL patients.