Objective To investigate postoperative infection rates of patients with different types of incisions and different risk indexes of operation in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu City through carrying out targeted monitoring of surgical incision,in order to determine important interventions for infection control.Methods The data about operating rooms in the hospital monitored in this study was collected via the Donghua software electronic information system,and the situation of postoperative infection of incision wounds was analysed as well.Results Among the 1 331 cases of patients,the total infection rate of postoperative incisions was 0.60％.The type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲl/Ⅳ incision infection rate was 0.31％,0.69％ and 1.78％,respectively.The infection rate of patients whose surgical risk score was 0,1 point and ≥2 points was 0.13％,0.84％ and 1.74 ％,respectively.By Fisher exact test,there were statistically significant differences in postoperative infection rates among patients with different types of surgical incision and those with different surgical risk index scores(P＜0.05).Conclusion The postoperative infection rates of patients with type Ⅲ/Ⅳ incision and those with surgical risk index score≥2 points are the highest.It is necessary to emphasize and strengthen the intervention on controlling postoperative infections,effectively reduce the postoperative infection rate through active monitoring,in order to improve the quality of medical hospital treatment and ensure patients'safety.

Objective To analyze the tend of hospital infection ,to understand the hospital infection control situation and pro‐vide a scientific basis for hospital infection prevention and control .Methods Investigation by the bed in combination with case in‐vestigation form 2012 to 2014 ,and the data of three consecutive years were analyzed by statistical analysis .Results In 2012 ,2013 and 2014 ,the hospital infection rates were 4 .15% ,3 .38% and 2 .76% respectively ,there was no statistically significant difference (χ2 =3 .908 ,P=0 .142) .Hospital infection site mainly respiratory tract(61 .33% ) ,followed by the digestive tract(16 .67% ) and u‐rinary tract(6 .67% ) ,different parts of the infection rate after statistical tests ,the difference had no statistically significant (χ2 =12 .167 ,P=0 .239);Different departments category incidence of hospital infection ,infection rate of internal system presented the declining trend ,in 2012-2014 by the statistical tests ,the difference had statistically significant(χ2 =8 .347 ,P=0 .015) .Conclusion Continuous observation of hospital infection rates helps to understanding the trend of hospital infection ,finding focus of infection , improving the method of hospital infection management .

C.citratus has been usedin many countries with a long history.Traditionally,it is applied as a food seasoning in cooking.It is also used in tea beverage and folk medicine as well.Modern application of C.citratus is focused on the development of citronella oil,which can be used for food additives,disinfectants,cosmetics,drugs and etc.C.citratus is also a potential plant in landscaping.Its special lemony flavor contains chemical constituents,mainly including citral,myrcene,linalool,geraniol,nerol,citronellol,and etc.The modern research showed that C.citratus had the main effects of anti-microbial,anti-inflammation,analgesia,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-anxiety,anti-hypertension,antihyperglycemia,and etc.With further studies,some new pharmacological properties of C.citrates are going to be discovered gradually.It is worthy of further research and development to meet the needs of the health industry.

AIM: To explore method of stimulating murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and to study their biological character. METHODS: Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were cultivated with cytokine GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, BMDC was stimulated by control, LPS, TGF-β1, LPS +TGF-β1 for 48 hours respectively. Morphological characters of BMDC were observed by a inversed microscope, surface molecules such as CD_(11C), CD_(80), CD_(86)and MHC Ⅱ were detected by flowcytometry, Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 p70 in co-culture medium was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: In LPS group it presented the most typical DC morphology with the highest expression of CD_(80), CD_(86) and MHC Ⅱ, the strongest ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, higher level of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control, TGF-β1, LPS + TGF-β1 ( P < 0. 05). While in TGF-β1 group it presented the less typical DC morphology with the lower expression of CD_(80), CD_(86), MHC Ⅱ, weaker ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control and LPS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS can stimulate maturation of BMDC in its late differentiation which makes it presents a more significant biological characteristics. TGF-β1 can inhibit maturation but not differentiation of BMDC thereby can prevent its biological characteristic presentation.

Objective To investigate associations of UC with the polymorphisms of TRAIL receptors.Methods From January 2008 to December 2012, 380 consecutive UC patients [215 males and 165 females, the average age was (42.63 ±14.61) years] as well as 539 sex-and age-matched healthy individuals [290 males and 249 females, the average age was (41.29 ±15.86) years] were recruited from four large scale comprehensive hospitals in Wenzhou city.Five single nucleotide polymorphisms of DR4 (rs20575, rs13278062), DR5(rs1047266), DcR2(rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) were detected by a SNaPshot technique.Distributions of mutant alleles and genotypes for targeted polymorphisms in TRAIL receptors were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. By means of unconditional Logistic regression analysis, it evaluated associations between the polymorphisms and the risk of UC attack as well as the clinical features of UC patients.Furthermore, an unconditional Logistic multiple regression analysis was employed to investigate the independent risk factors of UC and their multiplicative interaction effects on UC.Results The frequencies of mutant allele (G) and genotype (CG+GG) of DR4(rs20575) were higher in UC patients than those in the controls (3.55%vs 1.95%,χ2 =4.512, P=0.034;6.58%vs 3.71%,χ2=3.938, P=0.047, respectively).However, the frequeucies of mutant allele ( A) and genotype ( GA+AA) of DcR2(rs1133782) were decreased in UC patients compared to the controls(6.18%vs 9.09%,χ2=5.183, P=0.023; 11.32% vs 17.44%, χ2 =6.589, P=0.010, respectively).The frequencies of mutant allele (T) and homozygote (TT) of OPG(rs3102735) were significantly higher in UC patients than in the controls (86.32% vs 81.54%, χ2 =7.385, P=0.007;75.26% vs 66.98%, χ2 =7.346, P=0.007, respectively) .Furthermore, the genotype (GG) of DcR2 (rs1133782) was found to be the independent risk factor for UC attack (OR=4.937, 95%CI:2.320-10.504, P<0.001).Moreover, the (GG) of DcR2(rs1133782) and (CC) of DR4(rs20575) had an interactive effect on UC (OR=0.322, 95%CI:0.164-0.633, P=0.001).The same conclusion was drawn for the ( GG) of DR4( rs20575) and (TT) of OPG(rs3102735) (OR=1.580, 95%CI:1.165-2.144, P=0.003).Conclusions The genetic polymorphisms of DR4 ( rs20575 ) , DcR2 ( rs1133782 ) and OPG ( rs3102735 ) were associated with UC. The mutation of DcR2(rs1133782) might play a protective role in UC.Moreover, the DcR2(rs1133782) and DR4(rs20575) gene had a collaborative effect on UC.So did the DR4(rs20575) and OPG(rs3102735) genes.

0.05).Conclusions The SCIO system is practical to assess the therapeutic effects of itraconazole and terbinafine for patients with onychomycosis.Treatment of onychomycosis with the two drugs is equally effective and safe.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity on self-efficacy, weight perception, and stage of behavior change, and to provide a scientific evidence for childhood obesity interventions. Methods: The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial. Twelve primary schools and 1 889 children (aged 7-11 years) from Dongcheng District in Beijing were recruited in September, 2013, and were administered a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity. Six schools (930) were randomly allocated to the intervention group, and six schools (959) were randomly allocated to the control group. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out, R 4.0.3 software was used to analyze the data, and multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the intervention effect. Results: After the intervention, mean (standard deviation) scores of self-efficacy among children in the intervention and control groups were (4.4±0.9) and (4.2±1.1), respectively. After the intervention, the proportion of children in the intervention group who underestimated or overestimated their body weight was 28.4% and 11.3 %, respectively, while the figures in the control were 37.1% and 6.9%; compared with the control, the risk of underestimating body weight decreased among children in the intervention group( OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.52-0.80, P <0.01), while the risk of weight overestimation increased( OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.26-2.54, P <0.01). After the intervention, the proportion of children in the contemplation or action stage of behaviour change was 65.3% and 83.6%, while the figures in the control group were 59.8% and 69.8 %, respectively; in comparison with the control group, more children in the intervention group were in comtemplation ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI=1.03-1.59, P =0.02) or action stage of behaviour change( OR=2.59, 95%CI=2.04-3.27, P <0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity improved self-efficacy, weight perception, and facilitated behavior change, but may increase the risk of weight overestimation.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of transcobalamine II (TCN2) gene polymorphisms and serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin Band folate with ulcerative colitis (UC) among Chinese patients.

METHODSFor 397 UC patients and 574 controls, two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TCN2 gene (rs1801198, rs9606756) were tested with an improved multiple ligase detection reaction method. Serum Hcy, vitamin Band folate were measured with an enzymatic cycling assay and an chemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively.

RESULTSThe allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs1801198 and rs9606756 did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P> 0.05). Compared with those of the control group, the frequencies of G allele and CG+GG genotype of rs1801198 were greater in patients with moderate and severe UC (both P< 0.05). The same conclusion may also be drawn for the G allele and AG genotype of rs9606756 (both P< 0.05). Compared with the controls, average Hcy level was enhanced in UC patients (P< 0.01), whereas average vitamin Band folate levels were decreased in UC patients (both P< 0.01). In both groups, the average level of Hcy was lower in individuals carrying CC of (rs1801198) than in those with CG+GG (both P< 0.05). A similar conclusion was also drawn for individuals with AA of rs9606756 when compared with those carrying AG(both P< 0.05). Compared with patients with mild UC, average Hcy level was increased in those with moderate and severe UC (P< 0.01), while average vitamin Band folate levels were decreased in those with moderate and severe UC (both P< 0.01). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy), vitamin Bdeficiency and folate deficiency was greater in UC patients than in controls (all P< 0.01). In UC patients, the level of Hcy was negatively correlated with those of vitamin B(P< 0.01), albumin(P< 0.01), red blood cells(P< 0.01) and platelet (P< 0.05), but positively correlated with white blood cells(P< 0.01) and Mayo score (P< 0.01). Both HHcy and folate deficiency were independent risk factors for UC (OR=4.173, OR=5.206, both P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTCN2 (rs1801198, rs9606756) variations, as well as serum levels of Hcy, vitamin Band folate, are correlated with UC. Both HHcy and folate deficiency are independent risk factors for UC.

Adult ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; blood ; etiology ; genetics ; Female ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Transcobalamins ; genetics ; Vitamin B 12 ; blood

康复医学是以恢复患者功能为中心的医学分支。因此，功能评定无论是在客观地评定患者的功能方面，还是在最终评定治疗结果和康复效率方面都是极为重要的。全面的功能评定包括躯体、精神、言语和社会四个方面。其中，言语、社会功能和认知功能中的思维方式，都具有强烈的民族文化色彩。因此，每个国家都应该有切合自己国情的功能评定方法。但由于我国康复医学发展较晚，至今尚无一套既切合国情，又全面、实用和可靠的功能评定方法。有鉴于此，我们在“中心”顾问室、神经康复科、脊髓损伤康复科、言语治疗科、心理科和老年病科的通力合作下，经过近2年的研究，在吸收国际先进经验的基础上，密切结合国情，设计了本文所述的综合功能评定法。其优点有：1．在饮食、起居等生活方式方面以及在言语、社会、思维等方面，均切合我国国情。2．评定结果采用群众熟悉的100分制，使医务人员、患者和患者家属均易于理解，便于交流和沟通。3．在言语、认知等功能的评定方面，直接由言语和心理学家选择一些简易的言语和心理学测试项目，提高了量表的准确性、全面性和可靠性。4．各项评定指标的量化程度高，在言语、认知和社会方面尤其如此，克服了一些量表中对此类项目的评定指标不够具体和不易掌握的不足。5.简便实用，一次检查对正常人仅需20分钟左右，对患者则无负担。6.本法已在128名正常人中应用，并求出了正常值，据此拟定了功能障碍严重程度的等级，可供参考和应用。7.信度经过检验，证明可靠。 综合功能评定法的正常值、功能障碍严重程度分级及信度研究结果，将陆续报道。