Circular RNA ( circRNA) , a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA ( ncRNA) , has been broadly taken into account during recent years as a research hot-spot.Unlike linear RNA, circRNA form covalently closed loop structure by jointing 3′and 5′ends together via exon circularization or intron circularization.Through which way it is more stable and conserved than linear RNA.Besides, circRNAs are abundant and multiple existences in creatures have been revealed.Nowadays, an increasing number of researchers have found that circRNA plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, which has broadened the view of di-verse endogenous noncoding RNA, and therefore hints that circRNA has great potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. In this paper, we make an overview of the latest research about circRNAs from the aspects of generation, character, function, and the relationship with diseases, and so on.

Objective To analyze the tend of hospital infection ,to understand the hospital infection control situation and pro‐vide a scientific basis for hospital infection prevention and control .Methods Investigation by the bed in combination with case in‐vestigation form 2012 to 2014 ,and the data of three consecutive years were analyzed by statistical analysis .Results In 2012 ,2013 and 2014 ,the hospital infection rates were 4 .15% ,3 .38% and 2 .76% respectively ,there was no statistically significant difference (χ2 =3 .908 ,P=0 .142) .Hospital infection site mainly respiratory tract(61 .33% ) ,followed by the digestive tract(16 .67% ) and u‐rinary tract(6 .67% ) ,different parts of the infection rate after statistical tests ,the difference had no statistically significant (χ2 =12 .167 ,P=0 .239);Different departments category incidence of hospital infection ,infection rate of internal system presented the declining trend ,in 2012-2014 by the statistical tests ,the difference had statistically significant(χ2 =8 .347 ,P=0 .015) .Conclusion Continuous observation of hospital infection rates helps to understanding the trend of hospital infection ,finding focus of infection , improving the method of hospital infection management .

Objective To analyze the expression characteristics of annexin A2 in dermal papilla cells (DPCs) with aggregative behavior.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of annexin A2 respectively in DPCs with or without aggregative behavior.Results The mRNA expression level of annexin A2 was significantly higher in DPCs with aggregative behavior than in those without aggregative behavior (0.50 ± 0.15 vs.0.35 ± 0.19, t =8.26, P ＜ 0.05).Western blot showed that annexin A2 had two isoforms, including one isoform with a relative molecular mass of 40 000 and the other one with a relative molecular mass of 36 000.The annexin A2 isoform with a relative molecular mass of 40 000 was highly expressed in both DPCs with aggregative behavior and those without aggregative behavior, while the other isoform was only expressed in DPCs with aggregative behavior.Conclusion Annexin A2 may be closely related to the aggregative growth of DPCs.

In this paper, the patent of traditional medicines of type-2 diabetes mellitus before 2014 were searched, totally 1 229 patent family information were obtained. The patent information including developing trends, geographic distribution, competitive agencies, technical focus, herbs preferences and so on were analyzed. China is in a leader position on the number of applying patent of using traditional medicine to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus, and the main applications were research institutes, universities and pharmaceutical enterprises. Although the views and theo-ries on treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus are variety and abound, the most frequently used traditional medicines are tonics and heat-clearing. This article reflected the history, clinical treatment way, developments, application of the diabetes traditional drugs after a meta-analysis,efforts to guide a better understanding and further research.

Aim To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of total phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from Ligustrum robustum(Roxb.)Blume(CNTG)and its mecha-nisms.Methods The 60 hamsters were randomly divided into six groups,namely the control group,the model group,the positive control group(fenofibrate,150 mg·kg-1),the high(1 200 mg·kg-1),medium(600 mg·kg-1)and low(300 mg·kg-1)doses of CNTG groups.Only the control group was given control diet and other groups received high-fat diet.The changes of serum lipid were measured and analyzed in 1st week to ensure the successful establishment of the model.The drugs were administered daily for four weeks and the concentrations of lipids were determined in the 2nd week,3rd week and 4th week respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to assay the mRNA and protein expression of related signaling enzymes and proteins.Results Compared with the model group,the concentrations of serum TG,TC,LDL-C(P<0.05,P<0.01)and hepatic TG,TC(P<0.01)were effectively reduced in hamsters in CNTG-treated groups.Mechanism research found that CNTG increased the levels of phospho-AMPKα,LKB1 and phospho-LKB1 in liver(P<0.05).Conclusion CNTG prevents hyperlipidemia via activation of hepatic LKB1-AMPK pathway.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of estradiol and drospirenone tablets (Angeliq)in treatment of menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Chinese healthy women.Methods Total 244 postmenopausal Chinese healthy women who had moderate to severe hot flushes were randomly assigned for 16 weeks in this randomized multi-center double-blind placebo-controlled study.During the trial.the follow-up visits were conducted at week 4,8,12,16 of treatment and 2 weeks after treatment respectively.Height,weight,vital signs,hot flushes,other relevant menopausal symptoms and vaginal bleeding were observed in each follow-up visit,while the clinical global impression scale Was assessed at 16 weeks as well.Results It showed that hot flushes were reduced significantly more in observation group than that in placebo group ( P＜0.01 ), although both treatments were effective. The absolute values of mean severity index of total hot flushes decreased by - 0. 6± 0. 5 in observation group and - 0. 4 ± 0. 4 in placebo group from baseline respectively, which reached significant difference ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, the absolute values of mean severity index of moderate to severe hot flushes decreased by - 0. 6± 0. 8 in observation group and -0. 3± 0.6 in placebo group from baseline respectively, which had no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ).After 16 weeks treatment, it also showed that estradiol and drospirenone had significant better efficacy than placebo on moderate to severe sweating, vaginal dryness and clinical global impression scale (P ＜0. 01 ).During the trial, blood pressure in observation group was stable. The rate of vaginal bleeding in observation group was higher than that in the placebo group, especially during the week 4 to week 8 when 48. 9% (87/178) in observation group and 10. 7% (6/56) in placebo group of patients bled. Although the cumulative amenorrhea rate of observation group was lower than that of placebo group in each cycle (28 days), it increased gradually along with duration of the treatment. The commonest adverse event in observation group was breast tenderness which accounted for 12.0% (22/183 ). The level of serum potassium was in the normal range in observation group mostly. Meanwhile, the other adverse events rate was low. Serious adverse events reported in this trial were assessed as not study drug related or as unlikely study drug related. Conclusion Estradiol and drospirenone tablets which could effectively alleviate menopausal symptoms in postmeuopausal Chinese healthy women is a novel hormone replacement therapy regimen with high safety and efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo study the alkaloids in the stems and leaves of Stephania cepharantha.

METHODThe dried stems and leaves of S. cepharantha were percolated with 95% ethanol and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to give a concentrate, and the concentrate was extracted by petroleum ether and chloroform. Column chromatograghy on MCI CHP 20P, silica gel, Rp-18, Sephadex LH-20 and polyamide were applied for the isolation and purification of the chloroform fraction. The structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEleven alkaloids were obtained and identified as lysicamine (1), tetrahadropalmatine (2), palmatine (3), isocorydione (4), corydalmine (5), corypalmine (6), sinoracutine (7), sinoacutine (8), cepharamine (9), isocorydine (10) and corydine (11).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2-7 were isolated from S. cepharantha for the first time, and compound 7 was isolated from the genus Stephania for the first time, compound 4 was isolated from the Menispermaceae family for the first time.

0.05).Conclusions The SCIO system is practical to assess the therapeutic effects of itraconazole and terbinafine for patients with onychomycosis.Treatment of onychomycosis with the two drugs is equally effective and safe.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of matrine in inhibition of proliferation the proliferation of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells via MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of MEK1, ERK1/2, Shc and SHP2 (the signal effect molecules of MEK-ERK pathway) in K562 cells. The transcription and translation of bcr-abl and target protein (bcl-xL, Cyclin D1, c-myc and p27) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Matrine was able to significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2, Shc and SHP2 in K562 cells and suppress the protein and mRNA expression of bcr-abl. Moreover, the expressions of bcl-xL, Cyclin D1 and c-myc were down-regulated significantly, while the expression level of p27 (a negative regulator of cell cycle progression) was increased markedly after matrine treatment. Conclusions Suppression of the growth of human CML K562 cells is related to the inhibition of bcr-abl-mediated MEK-ERK pathway activity. The down-regulation of phosphorylated proteins or protein kinases activity in signaling pathways might be an important molecular mechanism in control the activity of MEK-ERK pathway.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of "information knowledge belief practice" model, namely "IKAP theory" nursing intervention model on patients with peritoneal dialysis(PD).Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with PD treated in The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2020 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 60 cases in each group. In the observation group, there were 32 males and 28 females with an age range of (56.16±10.25) years, including 18 cases of diabetic nephropathy, 22 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and 20 cases of hypertensive nephropathy. In the control group, there were 34 males and 26 females, with an age range of (56.27±10.34) years, including 14 cases of diabetic nephropathy, 18 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and 28 cases of hypertensive nephropathy. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing. In addition to the routine nursing, the patients in the observation group also adopted IKAP mode for nursing intervention. The levels of hemoglobin (HB), serum albumin (ALB), comprehensive nutrition assessment score (SGA) and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and 6 months after the intervention. The comparison of measurement data before and after intervention in the intervention group was analyzed by paired sample t-test. Frequency data were compared and analyzed by Chi-square ( χ2) test. Results:Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in ALB, Hb levels and SGA between the observation group and the control group( t=1.001~1.743, all P>0.05). After the intervention, the SGA score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, while the levels of ALB and Hb were higher than those of the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=3.411~5.050, all P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients in the observation group was 95%, while that in the control group was 78.33%, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=7.212, P<0.05). Conclusions:For peritoneal dialysis patients, IKAP nursing intervention can not only effectively improve their nutritional status, but also increase their satisfaction with nursing. IKAP nursing intervention model is worthy of clinical promotion.