OBJECTIVE:To investigate the infusion solutions which are compatible with Compound kushen injection. METHODS:The insoluble particles of kushen injection in four kinds of infusion solutions were detected respectively by light blockage method.RESULTS:Insoluble particles of different size and number were noted for Compound kushen injection when mixed respectively with four kinds of infusion solutions,but the insoluble particles in all kinds of infusion solutions except 10% glucose injection were all within the range specified in China Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium ch-loride injection is the optimal compatible infusion solution for Compound kushen injection.

Objective To investigate postoperative infection rates of patients with different types of incisions and different risk indexes of operation in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu City through carrying out targeted monitoring of surgical incision,in order to determine important interventions for infection control.Methods The data about operating rooms in the hospital monitored in this study was collected via the Donghua software electronic information system,and the situation of postoperative infection of incision wounds was analysed as well.Results Among the 1 331 cases of patients,the total infection rate of postoperative incisions was 0.60％.The type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲl/Ⅳ incision infection rate was 0.31％,0.69％ and 1.78％,respectively.The infection rate of patients whose surgical risk score was 0,1 point and ≥2 points was 0.13％,0.84％ and 1.74 ％,respectively.By Fisher exact test,there were statistically significant differences in postoperative infection rates among patients with different types of surgical incision and those with different surgical risk index scores(P＜0.05).Conclusion The postoperative infection rates of patients with type Ⅲ/Ⅳ incision and those with surgical risk index score≥2 points are the highest.It is necessary to emphasize and strengthen the intervention on controlling postoperative infections,effectively reduce the postoperative infection rate through active monitoring,in order to improve the quality of medical hospital treatment and ensure patients'safety.

Objective To study the chemical components in Rabdosia excisoides.Methods The isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel column chromatography,the chemical structures were determind by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results Two compounds were isolated from R.excisoides and their structures were identified,one was named as excisoidesin A(Ⅰ),a new diterpenoid and the other was a known compound,oleanolic acid(Ⅱ).Conclusion Excisoidesin A is a new diterpenoid.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the spasmolytic effect of baked Radix Vladimiriae on in vitro intestinal muscle in rabbits. METHODS:Magnus in vitro intestinal muscle accumulative dose method was adopted to observe the dose-effect relationship of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae with in vitro intestinal muscle of rabbits and its impact on the spasm of rabbit intestinal muscle induced by acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. RESULTS:There was a certain dose-effect relationship between petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae and spasmolytic mechanism of rabbit in vitro intestine. It showed the effect of acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. CONCLUSION:The inhibition effect of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae on normal in vitro intestinal muscle increase as long as dose increase. The inhibition mechanism may be associated with acetylcholine competing with histamine to block M receptor and H1 receptor as well as to inhibit excitability of intestinal muscle.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of coronary angiography (CAG) via percutaneous left radial artery approach (LRA) compared with right radial artery approach (RRA) in aged patients, and determine whether LRA is a valid alternative for CAG. Methods A total of 502 consecutive patients who were aged 65 or older underwent diagnostic CAG were recruited and randomized to the LRA group (240 patients) or RRA group (262 patients). The study end points included total procedural duration, coronary time, fluoroscopy time, dose of radiation including cumulative air kerma and dose area product, contrast volume, and the incidence of vascular complications. Results Coronary procedural success rate was 96.2%(231/240) in LRA group and 96.2%(252/262) in RRA group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05). The radial cannulation time, fluoroscopy time, look through time, dose of radiation, contrast volume and the percentage of hydrophilic wire used in two group had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The catheter in place time in LRA was significantly shorter than that in RRA group:(2.7 ± 2.5) min vs. (3.3 ± 3.3) min, P=0.036). There was a trend toward shorter procedural duration in LRA group than that in RRA group, but there was no significant difference: (13.3 ± 6.1) min vs. (14.3 ± 6.2) min, P=0.075. Conclusions LRA approach has similar safety and feasibility in terms of performing coronary angiography compared with RRA.It seems to be a feasible alternative for CAG in aged patients.

Objective To investigate the role of Huang-qi in balance of TH1/TH2 in asthma on dendritic cells level. Methods DCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were induced by rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and then were identified. The level of IL-12 and IL-10 produced by DCs were de-tected by ELISA assay. After autoreactive T cells, mRNA of T-bet and GATA-3 was measured by RT-PCR. Simultaneously, IL-4 and IFN-γ were determined by flow cytometer. Results After 7 days culture, IL-12 was significantly decreased in asthma group compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01), whereas IL-10 on the opposite. At the 7th day of co-culture with T cells derived from floating cells, the IFN-γ/and T-bet mRNA level in asthma group were significantly decreased than that in control group, whereas IL-4, GATA-3 mRNA level, the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ and GATA-3/T-bet were apparently increased in asthma group than that in control group(P＜0.01). After Huang-qi treatment, the IFN-γ/and T-bet mRNA level were significantly in-creased, whereas the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ and GATA-3/T-bet, and the IL-10 level were apparently de-creased, but the level of IL-12, IL-4 and GATA-3 mRNA were not changed significantly. Conclusion DCs in asthma regulated the balance of TH1/TH2 by means of secreting decreased IL-12 and increased IL-10, that made TH2 playing a dominance role which is the key factor in initiating asthma. Huang-qi regulated DCs through decreasing the level of IL-10, and thus decreased the ability of inhibiting the differentiation of TH1 from TH0, that is also inhibiting the differentiation of TH2 from TH0 directly.

AIM: To explore method of stimulating murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and to study their biological character. METHODS: Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were cultivated with cytokine GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, BMDC was stimulated by control, LPS, TGF-β1, LPS +TGF-β1 for 48 hours respectively. Morphological characters of BMDC were observed by a inversed microscope, surface molecules such as CD_(11C), CD_(80), CD_(86)and MHC Ⅱ were detected by flowcytometry, Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 p70 in co-culture medium was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: In LPS group it presented the most typical DC morphology with the highest expression of CD_(80), CD_(86) and MHC Ⅱ, the strongest ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, higher level of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control, TGF-β1, LPS + TGF-β1 ( P < 0. 05). While in TGF-β1 group it presented the less typical DC morphology with the lower expression of CD_(80), CD_(86), MHC Ⅱ, weaker ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control and LPS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS can stimulate maturation of BMDC in its late differentiation which makes it presents a more significant biological characteristics. TGF-β1 can inhibit maturation but not differentiation of BMDC thereby can prevent its biological characteristic presentation.

Objective To explore the antiarrhythmic mechanism of ampelopsin through electrophysiological study in rats.Methods The in vivo experimental groups were as follows:control group,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose group.Arrhythmia in rats was induced by aconitine injection,and then the antiarrhythmic effects of ampelopsin were studied.Cardiomyocytes were isolated from rats therafter.The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record action potential duration (APD),sodium currents (INa),calcium current (ICa),transient outward potassium currents (Ito) and inward rectifier potassium currents (IK1) in cardiomyocytes.Results In vivo experiments showed that the incidence of aconitineinduced experimental arrhythmias in low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin group was significandy lower than that in control group (n =5 each group,all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro whole-cell patch clamp experiments showed that action potential duration in low,middle and high-dose groups was significantly shorter than that in control group,and amplitude of action potential was also significantly lower in low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin groups than in control group (134.1 ±6.9),(120.1 ±7.4),(113.2 ±9.0),and (101.8 ±5.1) mV for control,low,middle and high-dose group (n =9 each group,all P ＜ 0.05).Further research revealed that sodium currents in cardiomyocytes were decreased by low,middle and high-dose ampelopsin from (-36.75 ±3.60) to (-31.03 ±2.61),(-26.63 ±3.72),and (-17.55 ±4.43) pA/pF (n =9each group,all P ＜ 0.05),but the activation voltage for peak potential was not affected by ampelopsin.Moreover,the inward rectifier potassium current was also higher in high-dose ampelopsin group than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Calcium current and transient outward potassium current were similar among four groups.Conclusion Ampelopsin exerts anti-arrhythmic effects in this rat model,and the underlying electrophysiological mechanism is partly associated with the inhibition of INa and enhancement of IK1,and prolongation of APD.

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Balb/c mouse models of asthma established using OVA received intraperitoneal injections of chloroquine, dexamethasone, or both prior to OVA challenge. Within 24 h after the final challenge, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) of the mice was assessed, and the total cell count and the counts of different cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined under light microscopy. The severity of lung inflammation was evaluated using HE staining, and the concentrations of IL-6 and PGF2α in the BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Chloroquine pretreatment significantly decreased AHR (P<0.001) in the asthmatic mice and reduced the total cell count (P<0.01), eosinophils (P<0.001), neutrophils (P<0.01), and PGF2α levels in the BALF. Chloroquine combined with low-dose dexamethasone significantly lessened inflammations around the bronchioles (P<0.05) and blood vessels (P<0.01) in the lung tissue, and obviously lowered IL-6 (P<0.05) and PGF2α (P<0.001) in the BALF in the asthmatic mice. Conclusion Chloroquine can inhibit AHR in asthmatic mice and produce better anti-inflammatory effect when combined with dexamethasone for treatment of neutrophilic asthma.

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Balb/c mouse models of asthma established using OVA received intraperitoneal injections of chloroquine, dexamethasone, or both prior to OVA challenge. Within 24 h after the final challenge, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) of the mice was assessed, and the total cell count and the counts of different cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined under light microscopy. The severity of lung inflammation was evaluated using HE staining, and the concentrations of IL-6 and PGF2α in the BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Chloroquine pretreatment significantly decreased AHR (P<0.001) in the asthmatic mice and reduced the total cell count (P<0.01), eosinophils (P<0.001), neutrophils (P<0.01), and PGF2α levels in the BALF. Chloroquine combined with low-dose dexamethasone significantly lessened inflammations around the bronchioles (P<0.05) and blood vessels (P<0.01) in the lung tissue, and obviously lowered IL-6 (P<0.05) and PGF2α (P<0.001) in the BALF in the asthmatic mice. Conclusion Chloroquine can inhibit AHR in asthmatic mice and produce better anti-inflammatory effect when combined with dexamethasone for treatment of neutrophilic asthma.