With the establishment of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an oncology discipline, it has made great development and progress in the prevention and treatment of tumors. As a result, a number of academic thoughts and viewpoints have emerged. In the tumor field of TCM, the current representative theories include the theory of strengthening the body and treating cancer, the theory of treating from the membrane, the theory of surviving with tumor, the pathogenesis theory of cancer virus, the theory of consolidating the root and clearing the source, and the theory of regulating qi and detoxing. In TCM oncology, a large number of results have been achieved in the research of the thoughts of famous TCM doctors. However, discussions on these thoughts together are relatively few. This article summarizes and studies the above innovative theories from the aspects of academic connotation and clinical application to provide new ideas for further guiding the clinical practice of TCM oncology.

On the basis of inheriting the cancer toxin theory of Zhou Zhongying,a national TCM master,Professor Cheng Haibo's team proposes the theory of cancer toxin pathogenesis.This theory believes that thyroid carcinoma is caused by pathogenic surroundings,emotional injury,irregular diet and other factors,which cause the accumulation of qi stagnation,phlegm coagulation,blood stasis and cancer toxin in the neck.The main pathological factors of thyroid carcinoma are"qi,phlegm,stasis and toxin".The disease is located in front of the neck and is greatly related to liver,spleen and kidney."Liver-qi stagnation,phlegm and stasis containing toxin"is its core pathogenesis.The nature of the disease is mostly a mixture of deficiency and excess,and in the later stage of the disease,qi and yin are always depleted.The general principle of treatment in clinic is"anti-cancer and detoxification,strengthening vital energy and dispelling pathological factors".In view of the rise and fall of cancer toxin and the characteristics of different stages of the disease,it is recommended to soothe liver and regulate qi,dissolve phlegm and disperse lumps,reduce stasis and detoxify,benefit qi and nourish yin in the clinical treatment of thyroid carcinoma.Based on the theory of cancer toxin pathogenesis,the pathogenesis evolution and relevant treatment is discussed,in order to provide new ideas for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.

Cancer toxin is the key pathogenesis of malignant tumors. The basic principle of cancer treatment is “dispelling pathogen and resolving toxins， reinforcing healthy qi and reinforcing the foundation”. As one of the “eight methods of anticancer and detoxification”， the counteracting toxin with toxin therapy is a commonly used clinical treatment of malignant tumors. This paper discussed the method of counteracting toxin with toxin and its application in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors from the aspects of history tracing， academic connotation， application principles and clinical application. Toxic Chinese medicinals with anticancer function are required to eliminate cancer toxins based on the principles of excessive cancer toxicity and plentiful healthy qi， as well as in accordance with the various stages and classifications of tumors， thereby improving the theoretical connotation of the method of counteracting toxin with toxin， and promoting the popularization and application of the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

ObjectiveTo explore effect of Xianlian Jiedu prescription on the recurrence of colorectal cancer （CRC） and investigate the related mechanisms. MethodsA postoperative recurrence model was established in 25 Balb/c mice by injecting CT26 cells subcutaneously into the armpit， followed by surgical removal of 99% of the subcutaneous tumor. The mice were randomly divided into model group， low-dose Xianlian Jiedu prescription （XLJDP-L） group （6.45 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium-dose Xianlian Jiedu prescription （XLJDP-M） group （12.9 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， high-dose Xianlian Jiedu prescription （XLJDP-H） group （25.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） group （1×10^-3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The mice were euthanized after 14 days of continuous intervention， and recurrent tumor tissue was harvested. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological and morphological changes in the recurrent tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to assess the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki67）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31） in recurrent tumor tissue. The Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of angiopoietin-2 （ANG-2）， VEGF， phosphorylated-protein kinase B （p-Akt）， protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （p-PI3K）， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） in recurrent tumor tissue. ResultsBefore treatment， there were no statistical differences in tumor volume， tumor weight， and body mass among the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group compared to the model group， indicating model stability. After treatment， compared with those in the model group， the tumor volume and tumor weight in the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， showing dose dependency. Meanwhile， there were no significant differences in body weight among the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group compared to the model group. HE staining showed that compared with that in the model group， tumor tissue in the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group had loosely arranged cells， increased intercellular spaces， small and shriveled nuclei， light staining， fewer mitotic figures and atypical nuclei， and increased necrotic areas. IHC showed that compared with those of the model group， the positive rates of Ki67， VEGF， and CD31 in the recurrent tumor tissue of the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group were significantly reduced （P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that compared with those of the model group， the protein expression levels of ANG-2 and VEGF in the recurrent tumor tissue of the XLJDP-L， XLJDP-M， and XLJDP-H groups and the 5-FU group were significantly downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the p-Akt/Akt and p-PI3K/PI3K ratios were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXianlian Jiedu prescription significantly inhibits the recurrence of CRC in mice after subcutaneous tumor surgery. The mechanism may involve regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and downregulating key angiogenic proteins such as ANG-2， VEGF， and CD31.