Obej ctive To inev stigate the situation of hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR) and training effectiveness of CPR in middle school students.Methods By the principle of random stratified cluster sampling,7 687 middle school students in Changsha city were trained on hands only CPR through the scene theoyr teaching and anthropom orphic dummy in this study.The training content icn lued d who was rescued by CPR, whne pait ne ts require CPR,h ow logn cna causei rreversible brain damage, the stna dardized process fo CPR,the position of CP R,the depth of CPR,and the ratios of breath-to-compression. We analyzed the middle school students′awareness of hands only CPR know ledge before and after the train-ing,investigated the middle school studne ts′willign ness and way to accept knowledge of first aid.Re sulst All of 7 687 middle scoh ol students inC hangsha cti y received questionnaire us rvey and trained on hands only CPR,including 3 778(49.15%) boys and 3 909 girls(50.48%).The knowledge of hands only CPR was mainly derived from the book,television,network,and education from schools.Before training,the awareness rates of the knowledge on who was rescued by CPR and the position of CPR were more than 50%,and the awareness rates on the rest of know ledge were less than 50%.The awareness rates on hands only CPR were more than 75% by training, which were significantly increased compared with tho se before training ( P <0.01).Conclusion The knowledge on hands only CPR is very scarce in middle school students in Changsha city,and the awareness on hands only CPR can be significantly improved by the scene theory teaching and an-thropomorphic dummy.

AIM: To investigate the effect of berberine (Ber) on the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Whole peripheral blood from normal subjects was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol ester (PDB) plus ionomycin (Ion) and the expression levels of CD69 and CD25 were evaluated with flow cytometry after the staining with appropriate fluorescent monoclonal antibody. The distribution of cell cycles was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and dead cells by 7-aminoactinomycin live staining. RESULTS: 100 ?mol/L and 50 ?mol/L of Ber had significant inhibition of the expression of CD69 on T cells stimulated with PDB plus Ion or PHA, while effect of 25 ?mol/L Ber was not significant. And as time of action extended, the extent of inhibition decreased. For the expression of CD25, Ber at the concentrations as above all exerted significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Ber could block lymphocytes cell cycle progression from G_0/G_1 phase to S and G_2/M phase without phase specificity. Besides, live staining analysis revealed that Ber did not have significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Ber significantly inhibits the expression of early and mid activation antigens of T cells and also blocks the progression of lymphocytes cell cycles. These results suggest that Ber exerts immunosuppression effect through inhibiting the activation and proliferation of T cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the levels of proteins in parotid saliva, whole saliva and dental plaque fluid with caries susceptibility.

METHODSSixty-six of university students were selected as subjects, 39 in caries-free group (CF, DMFS = 0) and 27 in caries-susceptible group (CS, DMFS >/= 8 and DT >/= 3). Total protein concentration was detected with Lowry method. Protein compositions were separated with SDS-PAGE and alkaline electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed using an image evaluation system.

RESULTSTotal protein level in dental plaque fluid was about 10-fold higher than that in saliva. Whole saliva was closely related to dental plaque fluid in terms of proteins only in CF group (r = 0.804), but there was little relation in CS group. The proteins that occurred in all three fluids were 14 000, 66 000 and 76 000 proteins. The 14 000, 15 000 and 38 000 proteins level in dental plaque fluid and 14 000 protein level in whole saliva were significantly lower in CS group than in CF group.

CONCLUSIONSThe proteins of dental plaque fluid are influenced significantly by whole saliva in CF group. The results suggest some kinds of proteins in dental plaque fluid and in whole saliva might play important roles against caries.

Dental Caries ; etiology ; Dental Plaque ; chemistry ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins ; analysis ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; analysis

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods Eighty-two patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis whom underwent angioplasty after the failure of standard medical therapy were enrolled from Nan-jing Stroke Registry Program from September 2010 to June 2013.Nine of them underwent routine balloon angioplasty alone and 73 underwent intracranial stenting.The median time from onset to surgery was 24.5 days.The occurrence of endpoint events (any stroke ≤30 d after procedure,death and ischemic stroke >30 d in guilty vessels or original stenosis had restenosis and needed to be treated again)was assessed. The incidence of restenosis was followed up with imaging (CTA or DSA). Results (1)In the 82 patients, the success rate of operation was 92.7%(n=72 ),and 78 (95.1%)received follow-up,4 were lost to follow-up.The median follow-up time was 22.5 months (range 9 to 29 months ).Ten patients had an endpoint event,7 of them were ischemic stroke,1 was cerebral hemorrhage,and two were severe asymptomatic restenosis who underwent stenting again.The endpoint events of 3 patients occurred at day 30 after procedure (at ≤24 h after procedure).Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the incidences of cumulative endpoint events at 1,6,12,and 24 months were 3.7%,8.6%,11%,and 13%,respectively.(2)60 patients (73.2%)received imaging examination (11 CTA and 49 DSA ).Restenosis occurred in 17 patients (28.3%),among them the incidence of symptomatic restenosis was 5%(n =3 ),and asymptomatic restenosis was 23.3%(n=14). Conclusion After a comprehensive assessment and a rigorous screening, the safety is high and the mid- and long-term efficacy are satisfactory in patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis who are treated with angioplasty when their medical treatment is invalid.

To further hold drug safety defense,rapid alert and emergency response should be done well for drug safety events in order to provide reference for effective prevention and response to drug safety incidents. The disposal process of the series events of me-dicinal capsules with excessive chromium was reviewed,and the features were analyzed to explore the emergency response and alert sys-tem for drug safety in China. To set up drug safety emergency monitoring mechanism,risk analysis and assessment mechanisms,proce-dures startup mechanism,crisis ending and follow-up assessment mechanism,appropriate public opinion guide mechanism,and a clear legal status of rapid test in the disposal of drug safety incidents are effective means to improve drug safety rapid alert and emergency re-sponse,which can provide necessary guarantees for drug safety and regulation.

Simulation exercise is handling disposal practices based on certain scenarios. Simulation exercise will be applied in cadre education and training,which can play an important role in improving the teaching quality and promoting leading cadres' communication,decision-making and command ability quickly. Firstly, the article introduced the concept, theoretical basis and influence factors of simulation exercise, and then, designing, preparing, organizing, controlling, summarizing and examining of simulation exercise were explored to discuss the implementation of simulation exercise in cadre education. Lastly,the key control points of simulation exercise in the application of cadre education and training were put forward.

Digital intraoral scanning is a hot topic in the field of oral digital technology. In recent years, digital intraoral scanning has gradually become the mainstream technology in orthodontics, prosthodontics, and implant dentistry. The precision of digital intraoral scanning and the accuracy and stitching of data collection are the keys to the success of the impression. However, the operators are less familiar with the intraoral scanning characteristics, imaging processing, operator scanning method, oral tissue specificity of the scanned object, and restoration design. Thus far, no unified standard and consensus on digital intraoral scanning technology has been achieved at home or abroad. To deal with the problems encountered in oral scanning and improve the quality of digital scanning, we collected common expert opinions and sought to expound the causes of scanning errors and countermeasures by summarizing the existing evidence. We also describe the scanning strategies under different oral impression requirements. The expert consensus is that due to various factors affecting the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning and the reproducibility of scanned images, adopting the correct scanning trajectory can shorten clinical operation time and improve scanning accuracy. The scanning trajectories mainly include the E-shaped, segmented, and S-shaped methods. When performing fixed denture restoration, it is recommended to first scan the abutment and adjacent teeth. When performing fixed denture restoration, it is recommended to scan the abutment and adjacent teeth first. Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated. Lastly, the cavity gap was scanned after completing the abutment preparation. This method not only meets clinical needs but also achieves the most reliable accuracy. When performing full denture restoration in edentulous jaws, setting markers on the mucosal tissue at the bottom of the alveolar ridge, simultaneously capturing images of the vestibular area, using different types of scanning paths such as Z-shaped, S-shaped, buccal-palatal and palatal-buccal pathways, segmented scanning of dental arches, and other strategies can reduce scanning errors and improve image stitching and overlap. For implant restoration, when a single crown restoration is supported by implants and a small span upper structure restoration, it is recommended to first pre-scan the required dental arch. Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated. Lastly, scanning the cavity gap after installing the implant scanning rod. When repairing a bone level implant crown, an improved indirect scanning method can be used. The scanning process includes three steps: First, the temporary restoration, adjacent teeth, and gingival tissue in the mouth are scanned; second, the entire dental arch is scanned after installing a standard scanning rod on the implant; and third, the temporary restoration outside the mouth is scanned to obtain the three-dimensional shape of the gingival contour of the implant neck, thereby increasing the stability of soft tissue scanning around the implant and improving scanning restoration. For dental implant fixed bridge repair with missing teeth, the mobility of the mucosa increases the difficulty of scanning, making it difficult for scanners to distinguish scanning rods of the same shape and size, which can easily cause image stacking errors. Higher accuracy of digital implant impressions can be achieved by changing the geometric shape of the scanning rods to change the optical curvature radius. The consensus confirms that as the range of scanned dental arches and the number of data concatenations increases, the scanning accuracy decreases accordingly, especially when performing full mouth implant restoration impressions. The difficulty of image stitching processing can easily be increased by the presence of unstable and uneven mucosal morphology inside the mouth and the lack of relatively obvious and fixed reference objects, which results in insufficient accuracy. When designing restorations of this type, it is advisable to carefully choose digital intraoral scanning methods to obtain model data. It is not recommended to use digital impressions when there are more than five missing teeth.