Objective Meta-analysis was performed to compare the myocardial protection of sevoflurane versus propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published to September 2008 which compared sevoflurane with propofol in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Two authors independently assessed the quality of each study to meet the inclusion criteria and extracted perioperative data, including patients' preoperative information (baseline characteristics, heart function, disease history and situation of medication), surgical variables (number of grafts and iachemia time) and outcome data such us cardiac index after CPB, postoperative cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) levels, mechanical ventilation time, positive inotropic drugs, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay length, postoperative mortality, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia and atrial fibrillation. Then Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 696 patients from 13 prospective RCTs were inchided in the Meta analysis, 402 out of 696 patients were allocated into sevoflurane group, and 294 into propofol group. There were no significant differences in postoperative mechanical ventilation time, usage rate of positive inotropic drugs, postoperative mortality, incidence of myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). Cardiac index after CPB was significantly higher, postoperative cTnl level and incidence of postoperative myocardial ischernia lower, and ICU and hospital stay length shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Sevoflunme has better myocardial protection than propofol in patients undergoing CABG surgery.

Objective To access the analgesia effect and side effect of flurbiprofen axetilcombined with sufentanil.Methods Thirty-eight patients underwent cardiac surgery were randomlydivided into two groups with nineteen cases each.Group S was given sufentanil 250μg diluted to 125ml via PCIA after surgery.Group F was given sufentanil 125 gg plus flurbiprofen axetil 150 mgdiluted to 125 ml via PCIA after surgery.The PCIA pump was set at a rate of 0.2 ml/h,bellus dosewas 0.8 ml.lockout time interval was 10 min. Analgesia grade was accessed,vital sign and sideeffects were recorded.Results 'Fhere was no significant difference in analgesia grade between tWOgroups.The side effects were lower in group F than those in group S.Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetilcombined with sufentanil can obtain similar analgesia effects to sufentanil alone,but can reduce sideeffects and fever temperature.

Objective To investigate the volume kinetics of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in healthy volunteers.Methods Seven healthy volunteers aged 18-32 yr weighing 46-84 kg were selected in this study. 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 30 ml/kg was infused over 60 min. Volume kinetics analysis of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was performed with Matlab 6.0 software, compartment model was determined by F test.Results One-compartment model parameters: basic clearance, clearance and distribution volume of one-compartment model were (3.5 ± 1.3) ml/min,(19± 11) ml/min and (5746 ± 1371) ml respectively. Two-compartment model parameters: clearance, K1, the volume of central compartment, the volume of peripheral compartment, distribution volume of two-compartment model were (63 ±29) ml/min,(11 ±4) ml/min, (1551 ± 995) ml, (908 ±398) ml,(2460 ± 1332) ml respectively. There was no difference between the distribution volume of one-compartment model and blood volume of healthy volunteers ( P ＞ 0.05) .The distribution of infused 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was accordant with one-compartment model (F value was 3.81, P ＞ 0.05)and 4 h clearance was (75 ± 10)% .Conclusion The distribution of infused 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 for volume expansion is accordant with one-compartment model, and the effective duration of plasma volume expansion is 4 h.

Objective To retrospectively compare the postoperative recovery and medical cost of pediatric patients underwent fast track cardiac anesthesia(FTCA,extubated in operating room)or regular anesthesia(extubated out of operating room).Methods From January 2005 to January 2006,108 children with congenital heart disease were operated under FTCA,108 patients who received regular anesthesia were set as a control group.The general characteristics,anesthetic method,postoperative treatments,recovery,and medical cost of the two groups were compared.Results The mean body weight of FTCA group was significantly higher than that in the control [(13.8?4.2)kg vs(10.9?3.8)kg,t=5.321,P=0.000].The patients received sevoflurane for anesthesia induction in the FTCA group were more than those in the control(58 vs 16,?2=36.260,P=0.000).The mean dosage of fentanyl used during operation in FTCA group was significantly lower than that in the control [(10.9?7.3)?g/kg vs(18.0?5.7)?g/kg,t=-7.697,P=0.000].In addition,fewer patients in FTCA group used more than one kind of sedative after the operation(7 vs 19,?2=6.296,P=0.012).95 patients in FTCA group returned to their ward without extubation-related complications.No significant difference in length of hospital stay was found between the two groups,however,the medical cost of FTCA group was significantly lower than that in the control(P

Fifty-two patients with chronic thrombeembolism (41 male, 11 female) aged 33-67 yr underwent pulmonary endarterectomy between 1997-2008. Anesthesia was induced with etomidate, fentanyl/ sufentanil and rocuronium/vecuronium and maintained with large doses of narcotics supplemented with low concentrations of isoflurane/sevoflurane if necessary. Swan-Ganz catheter was placed after induction of anesthesia. Trausesophageal echocardiography was monitored. Bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism was performed using profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest. After operation, 35 patients still had sustained pulmonary hypertension (67%). Nervous system complications occurred in 7 patients ( 14% ). Six patients developed lung bleeding (12%) during and after operation and 4 patients infection (8%). The mortality was 15%.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of comprehensive intervention on bone loss in postmenopausal women, and to provide reference for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women .Methods 152 cases of postmenopausal bone mass in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 were selected as the research object, all patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,76 cases in each group.The control group was treated with HRT hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplement treatment , the intervention group based on the treatment in control group by alendronate treatment,supplemented by health guidance, two patients were treated for 1 years.Comparison of two groups of patients before and after treatment, N (N-MID), osteocalcin, procollagen type I amino terminal peptide (PINP), beta crosslinking degradation products (β-CTX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone mineral density L2-L4 (BMD), E2, Serum Osteocalcin (sOC) and calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), the incidence rate of fracture, osteoporosis, adverse drug reaction.Results There were no significant differences in BMD (L2-L4),β-CTX, N-MID, PINP, ALP and sOC between the two groups; After one year of treatment, BMD and sOC of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of β-CTX, N-MID, PINP and ALP were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in E2, PTH and CT between the two groups before treatment.After one year of treatment, the above indexes of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.In the comprehensive intervention group, one patient ( 1.32%) was diagnosed as osteoporosis and two cases (2.63%) fractured after one year of treatment,In the control group, 11 cases (14.47%) were osteoporosis, 9 cases%). The fracture rate and osteoporosis rate in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).In the course of treatment,six patients in the comprehensive intervention group had adverse drug reactions, and the alendronate dosage decreased by half,and no adverse drug reaction was found in the control group.Conclusion hormone,Caltrate,alendronate and health guidance comprehensive intervention program to improve the hormone level in patients with osteopenia, bone reconstruction of women physical level and promote the bone tissue of patients with anti absorption to enhance the role of postmenopausal bone balance favorable development, for postmenopausal bone loss in women with a high clinical value.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on L-type calcium current (ICa-L) in ventricular myocytes of guinea pigs and to identify the probable mechanism of their negative inotropic effect on myocardium. Methods Single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated from adult male guinea pigs weighing 300-350 g using the enzymatic dissociation method as described by Liu et al. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record ICa-L Results 100 ?mol?L-1 ropivacaine and bupivacaine decreased the peak current of ICa-L by 37% ? 3% and 42% ? 5% respectively ( P

Objective To study the effect of ketamine on L-type calcium currents (ICa-L) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Methods Adult guinea pigs of both sexes were anesthetized with pentobarbital. The hearts were immediately removed and ventricular myocytes were prepared by the technique described by Liu et al. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to study the ICa-L in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The changes in ICa-L produced by ketamine 100 ?mol?L-1 with different holding potentials or by different concentrations of ketamine with holding potential of + 10 mV were analyzed. Results Ketamine dose-dependently inhibited ICa-L evoked by a voltage step from a holding potential of - 40 mV to + 10 mV. The 4 concentrations of ketamine (100, 500, 1 000, 5 000 ?mol?L-1) reduced 1Ca-L by 28.7%?5.7% , 34.7%?1.4%, 58.7%?6.4% and 81.7%?6.7% respectively, with a mean IC50 concentration of 926.6 ?mol?L-1 . When the cells were exposed to ketamine 100 ?mol?L-1, the steady-state activation curve was not significantly affected, while the steady-state inactivation curve was shifted to more negative potentials.V1/2 decreased from ( - 14.8?0.8 ) mV to ( - 19.6?0.7) mV (P0.05) in control and drug-affected cells respectively. Ketamine slowed the rate of recovery from inactivation. Conclusion Ketamine can inhibit ICa-L in guinea pig ventricular myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect of ketamine may explain its negative inotropic effect. Ketamine inhibits L-type calcium channel in its inactivated state.

Objective To investigate the effect of full-dose and half-dose aprotinin on perioperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Thirty-nine patients aged 50-65 yrs undergoing off-pump CABG were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each):Ⅰcontrol group (C);Ⅱfull-dose aprotinin group (A-full) andⅢhalf-dose aprotinin group (A-half) . In groupⅡ( A-full) aprotinin 2?106 KIU in 100 ml normal saline (NS) was infused over 30 min after induction of anesthesia followed by aprotinin infusion at 0.5?106 KIU?h-1 until the end of surgery. In group A-half, half the amount of aprotinin administered in group A-full was given. In control group only NS was administered. Blood samples were taken before operation (T1,baseline) , 0.5 h after completion of vascular anastomosis (T2) and 2, 6, 18 h after operation (T3-5), for determination of plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and troponin (TnI) .Results The 3 groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F ratio, duration of operation and the number of bypass grafts. Plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TnI were significantly increased after operation as compared to the baseline values (T0) in all 3 groups. The plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TnI were significantly lower and postoperative blood loss smaller in the 2 aprotinin groups than in the control group; but they were not significantly different between the two aprotinin groups. Conclusion Both full-dose and half-dose aprotinin can inhibit the inflammatory response to CABG, reduce myocardial injury and postoperative blood loss. Half-dose aprotinin is recommended in patients undergoing off-pump CABG.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on the survival rate of and the expression ofinducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cultured hippocampal neurons.Methods Hippocampal neuronsisolated from new-born SD rats were dispersed and cultured in B27 culture medium for 9-10days.The culturedhippocampal neurons were randomized to one of 4 groups: (1)control group; (2) anoxia group; (3)propofol 4?g?ml~(1) + anoxia group; (4) propofol 12 ?g?ml~(-1)+ anoxia group. For anoxia the cultured hippocampal neurons wereplaced in a tightly closed vessel filled with 95 % N_2～5% CO_2 at 37℃ for 4h,followed by 24 h reoxygenation. Inthe propofol groups (group 3 and 4) propofol was added before anoxia. Survival rates were measured by MTTassay The levels of iNOS expression were determined by immunocytochemistry method.Results In the twopropofol groups (group 3 and 4) propofol attenuated the levels of iNOS expression in the cultured hippocampalneurons and increased the survival rates as compared with anoxia group (group 2). Depofol reduced the levels ofiNOS expression in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Propofol can decrease the level of iNOSexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons induced by anoxia-reoxygenation and increase the survival rate ofhippocampal neuron after anoxia-reoxygenation. Inhibition of iNOS expression may explain partly the mechanism ofcerebral protective effects of propofol.