AIM: At present, there is not a unified understanding on the total quantity and distribution of skeletal muscles in a normal human body. In this paper, we arranged the number of human skeletal muscles by detailed anatomic observation and record of an adult male corpse to provide reference for future scientific research and teaching. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the anatomical laboratory of Hebei Institute of Physical Education between October 2005 and March 2006. Two complete adult male corpses fixed by 40 g/L formaldehyde were given a detailed anatomic observation by removing the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and exposing the skeletal muscles of the whole body from superficial to deep layers. The initiation and end sites of muscles were isolated and the obvious muscle fibers were exposed to carefully observe and record the quantity of skeletal muscles. It was noticed that because the muscle fibers were less, when dissecting the mimetic muscle, the thin layer of skin and fewer subcutaneous tissues should be cut parallel to the skin with a blade as soon as the mimetic muscle scattered between subcutaneous tissue, but not isolate the muscle fiber from deep layer, which might remove the muscle fiber and subcutaneous, and lead no obvious muscle left. The sphincter muscle of some organs should be dissected from the superficial to the deep layer of the muscles. It was necessary to look up some data to supplement the muscles with less occurrence and unusual for corpse. RESULTS: There were 549 pieces muscles in the whole body of a normal person including 270 pairs muscles and 9 pieces of non-pair skeletal muscles such as orbicularis oris muscle, arytenoids muscle, diaphragma, interspinal muscles, sphincter muscle of anus and musculus sphincter urethrae. CONCLUSION: Although the muscles not found in the corpses are supplemented by looking up the data, it is necessary to further observe, study and discuss through different corpse specimens.

Objective:To explore a method for pericardiocentesis and drainage,the duration,posture of drainage and the fluid volume by drainage.Methods:Forty patients half lying on the bed,the puncture was performed via the subxiphoid route after the site,depth and direction of needle entry were confirmed by echocardiography.Using seldinger method,we put the central venous indwelling catheter into pericardial sac and connect it with an aseptic bag for drainage.Results:Catheter pericardiocentesis in 40 patients was successful without complications.Duration of use of the indwelling pericardial catheter ranged from one day to seven days,the average is 1.5?2 days.The fluid volume removed was one hundred and eighty to two thousands milliliters,mean volume is 750?600ml.After drainage,chest discomfort and short breath were alleviated obviously.Prominent jugular veins disappeared.Reductions of heart rate were significant.Cardiac function improved.Conclusion:Seldinger technique is a safe method for pericardiocentesis and drainage with the assistance of echocardiographic diagnosis and guidance.It can avoid myocardial trauma and drain the pericardial effusions effectively.

Objective:To study the hepatic gene expression profile early after ~(60)Co-? irradiation in mice with cDNA microarray,in an attempt to understand the molecular mechanism of irradiation damage to liver in mice.Methods: Total RNA was extracted from mice liver 2 days after irradiation with ~(60)Co-? ray and from normal mice liver.Hepatic gene expression patterns of irradiated and normal mice were compared with cDNA microarray(4 096 genes).RT-PCR was performed to validate the cDNA microarray results.Results: Compared with normal group,124 genes showed a differential expression in irradiation group,with 46 genes upregulated(maily cell cycle and transcription regulation related proteins) and 78 down-regulated(mainly cytoskeletal genes).Of the 124 genes,57 had identified functions and could be divided into 6 groups: DNA repair and stress response,cytoskeleton,hydronium channel/transport protein,signaling transduction,intermediary metabolism,and immune related proteins.RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of heat shock 70kD protein 5(Hspa5),RAS p21 protein activator 3(Rasa3),and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase,quinone 1(Nqo1) were consistent with cDNA microarray data.Conclusion: Irradiation-induced hepatic injury is of multi-target and multi-pathway.

A comparative observation of the quality of human immunoglobulin separated by the Rivanol-coldethanol combination method(R-E),the cold ethanol method(E)and the Rivanol-Ammoniumsulphate method(R-As)was performed.The experimental data and control data are as follows:Purityof immunoglobulin:96.67?0.93%(R-E,n=10);89.20?5.45%(E,n=8)and 96.22?0.67%(R-As,n=6).Proportion of IgG,IgA and IgM:89.26?0. 81%,6.29?0.38% and 1.16?0.28%(R-E,n=10);88.59?4. 87%,0.34?0.21% and 0.15%?0.09%(E,n=8)and 88.90?1.46%,7.08?1.28% and 0.24?0.29%(R-As,n=6)respectively.Proportion of IgG monomers and dimers,polymers,and fragments:95.96?1.38%,3.04?0.73% and 1.02?1.04%(R—E,n=7)and 98.43?0.57%,0.96?0.25% and 0.62?0.33%(E,n=3)respectively.All the preparations separated bythe three methods have been heated for 4 hours at 57℃,with their appearance being unchanged.

The interaction of Klebsiella mytoca NG13/pMC73A with Eucalyptus were studied. The results showed that the root surface and even the inner cortex of Eucalyptus were colonized by K. oxytoca. The K. oxytoca was reisolated from rhizosphere, root surface and inner root of inoculated Eucalyptus. The inoculation with K. oxytoca stimulated the excretion of Eucalyptus root and affected the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, phytohormones of root exudates. The seedlings of Eucalyptusto to inoculation with K. oxytoca increased growth, total dry matter and N content by 29.81% - 100.40% after 3 months in comparinson to the uninoculated seedlings.

Objective:To investigate the risk of heparin leading to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:To compare characteristics of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin,the dosage and lab indexes.Results:The upper gastrointestinal bleeding is easy to happen in elderly patients with disease of digestive tract when using heparin in PCI.Conclusion:The patients before undergoing PCI,especially the elderly,need to have a general examination,make an overall assessment with care to digestive disease.Doctors should pay more attention to the heparin dosage and lab indexes in order to avoid serious complications.

Objective:To identify the influence of personality characteristics on adult patients' satisfaction after initial orthodontic treatment and offer references to rise quality of orthodontic treatment.Methods:85 patients(34 males and 51 females;average age 23.3years?4.4years who treated their teeth by fixed orthodontics were included in the study.Satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess the satisfaction with the dentition in the study sample.The NEO Five Factor inventory was used to assess personality profiles and traits in the study samples.Comparisons between groups were made by using Logarithm of likelihood ratio test.Results:This test provides a comprehensive assessment of personality according to the five major domains namely Neuroticism,Extroversion,Openness,Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.Satisfaction of higher neuroticism scores is relative low(P0.05).Conclusion:Different personality traits were found to be correlated with adult patients' satisfaction with their dentition during initial orthodontic treatment.The orthodontists should pay more attention to higher neuroticism scores adult patients during treatment.In according to strengthen the communication between the orthodontists and outpatients,the therapeutic effect of adult orthodontic treatment could be increased.

Objective:To study the optimal intensity of warfarin therapy for prevention of thromboembolism in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and to determine the safe range of INR.Methods:Warfarin was used for anticoagulant therapy for thirty-seven patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.The patients were followed up and INRs were measured regularly.Results:When the dosage of warfarin changed from 2.11 milligram to 2.41 milligram,the range of INR was between two and two point five (2.0～2.5).When the dosage changed from 2.41 milligram to 2.70 milligram,the INR was between two point five and three (2.5～3.0).No atrial fibrillation related thromboembolism and major hemorrhage occurred in all patients.It required different number of days to reach the safe INR limits by raising or lowering the dosage of warfarin in the patients.Conclusion:Warfarin is effective in preventing stroke in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.The optimal intensity of warfarin ranges from 2.11 milligram to 2.41 milligram and the safe range of INR is between two and two point five (2.0～2.5).

0.05).But the incidence of the coronary artery pressure decreasing and ventricular fibrillation,the time to stop bleeding,the bedrest time and vessel complication in 5F group were less than those in 6F group(P

Objective: To discuss the clinical features,diagnosis,pathogenesis and treatment of antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome(AHS).Methods: A retrospective analysis of one case of AHS was focused on his clinical data.Results: About six weeks after carbamazepine treatment the patient presented fever firstly.The highest temperature is up to 39.6℃.Subsequently he developed diffusible red maculopapular rash and swollen superficial lymph nodes.Physical examination found internal organs involvement(mainly liver and lung).Laboratory examinations showed that the leucocyte increased to 54.21?109/L,and the percentage and absolute count of eosinophil rose,while IgG and IgM decreased.The CT of thoracic part showed the lymph nodes of hilum of lung and mediastina swelled together with pleural effusion.A biopsy study of lymph node suggested the reactive hyperplasia which was not equal to lymphoma.The bone marrow smear showed granulocytic cell line hyperplasia and abnormal lymphocyte were observed.After discontinuing carbamazepine in time and applying corticosteroids,the temperature descended rapidly and the swollen lymph nodes recovered soon.Conclusion: AHS is an idiosyncratic reaction.It usually occurs within 2 to 8 weeks after initiation of antiepileptic drug therapy,and typically manifests itself as fever,eruption and internal organ involvements.Pathogenesis is still not definite.Important basis for diagnosis and differential diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations.Early recognition of AHS and timely discontinuing of the suspected drugs are the essential therapy.