Objective To investigate the correlation of long term aspirin treatment and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)incidence in non-hypertensive patients.Methods 56 non-hypertensive patients (the average age of 64.88±6.99)with long term aspirin adminis-tration (100 mg/d)were enrolled in the study from 2005 to 2010 in our hospital,with follow up to compare CMBs 5-10 years later. All patients underwent T2 WI,T1 WI,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).The CMBs lesions were defined by senior radiologists.Patients’age,gender,total cholesterol level,aspirin,CMBs and CMBs location were taken into account in data analysis.Results CMBs incidence was 14.3% in all participants,lesions were located mostly in lobes.Aged,male and low total cholesterol level were the risk factors of CMBs (P<0.05).Patients with CMBs were more likely to suffer from acute cere-bral infarction (P<0.05).Two of 56 patients with new CMBs lesions located in lobar and mixed location respectively only.Conclusion Long term aspirin administration does not increase the risk of CMBs in non-hypertensive patients(P>0.05),the potential adverse effect of aspirin needs further investigation.

Doctors'language can help the patients and hurt them as well just like their bis-toury.Warm words give the patients confidence,hope and energy to beat their disease.When doctors communicate with the patients,their words are not only the important tool but also a kind of art.This article displays five artistic characters of doctors'words such as morality,etiquette,emotion,preciseness and secrecy.

Biochemistry is a very practice-oriented courses,but the experiment has high cost,long cycle characteristics,and thus help ease the creation of virtual laboratory experiments and the conflict between teaching resources and the demand.We rely on our campus network to build a virtual biochemistry laboratory,with a view to promoting the biochemistry course construction and reforming the teaching methods

Objective To explore the nursing cooperation in use of lung inflation system for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for spontaneous pneumothorax. Method The key nursing points in nursing 42 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax undergoing VATS were analyzed. Results The operations were all successful. One patient contracted lower left atelectasis but it was cured after the tracheal tube was re-adjusted. On day one, there were two cases of gas leakage during thoracic closed drainage:one was of diffuse pulmonary bulla, and the gas leakage stopped on the second day; In the other cases, the gas leakage stopped 2 days after the tube was withdrawn by 3cm probably because the drainage tube was inserted too deep at the beginning. 6-30 months follow-ups showed no recurrence of pneumothorax in the operated site. Conclusions The lung inflation system is safe during VATS for spontaneous pneumothorax. Careful preoperative preparation of the equipment and skillful nursing cooperation at all procedures are critical for the success of VATS.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the association between aquaporins (AQPs) expression in kidney tissue and edema of nephrotic syndrome(NS) patients.MethodsNS patients were divided into edema group (14 cases) and non-edema group (8 cases).Ten patients without NS were used as control group.Expressions of AQP1,AQP2,and AQP4 in renal tissues of 3 groups were detectedbyimmunohistochemistrywithstandardtechniquesandsemi-quantitativeanalysis.Association between AQPs expression and edema was examined.ResultsThe positive index of AQP1 expression in proximal tubules in edema group was 0.0373±0.0110,which was significantly lower as compared to non-edema group (0.0510±0.0120) and control group 0.0574±0.0100),while the difference between non-edema and control groups was not significant.The positive index of AQP1 expression in glomerulus was 0.0106±0.0037 in edema group,which was significantly higher than that in non-edema group(0.0021±0.0013) and control group(0.0020±0.0012),while no significant difference was found between the last two groups.AQP2 mainly localized in the collecting duct system.The positive indexes of AQP2 expression were 0.0498±0.0081,0.0370± 0.0072 and 0.0255±0.0103 in edema group,non-edema group and control group,respectively.The differences were significant among 3 groups.AQP4 expression was not found in the renal cortex and collecting duct system.ConclusionsAQPs expression is different in renal tissues of NS patients.AQP2 may play an important role in the edema of NS patients,and AQP1 may involve in the occurrence of edema.

Objective To identify gene mutations and explore the molecular mechanism of a pedigree with inherited coagulation F Ⅶ deficiency. Methods The levels of F Ⅶ: Ag in the proband and other family members were measured by ELISA assay. The values of PT, F Ⅶ: C and other coagulant parameters were determined by one-stage clotting for laboratory phenotype diagnosis. All the exons,exon-intron boundaries and 5',3' untranslated sequences of F7 gene were amplified by direct sequencing. The detected mutations were further confirmed by sequencing the other stand. The CLC Protein Workbench software was used to analyze the species conservation of the mutated site and the protein secondary structure. 100 healthy individuals were selected to exclude gene polymorphism. Results PT, FⅦ∶C and FⅦ: Ag in the proband and his sister were abnormal, which were 36. 3 s, 5.0%, 40. 7% and 33.4 s,5. 0%, 37.4%, respectively. Both PT and FⅦ∶C in the proband's father, mother, daughter and niece were slightly abnormal, which were 14.9 s, 14. 6 s, 15.5 s, 14. 6 s and 70%, 85%, 59%, 79%, respectively.The heterozygous mutations c. 784T ＞ C and c. 964T ＞ G in exon 8 of F7 gene were found in the proband,resulting in the substitutions of Ser269Pro and Cys329Gly respectively. Compound heterozygous mutations c. 784T ＞ C and c. 964T ＞ G were found in the proband's sister. The proband's mother was heterozygous for c. 784T ＞ C. His father, daughter and niece were heterozygous for c. 964T ＞ G. The protein biological characteristics analysis revealed that the Cys329Gly caused the change of spatial configuration, and Ser269Pro led to the change of amino acid polarity and hydrophobicity. Conclusion Compound heterozygous mutations of Cys329Gly and Ser269 Pro in F7 gene may be the underlying molecule mechanism of FⅦ deficiency in this pedigree.

BACKGROUND: The ideal biomaterial means absence of cytotoxic effect and immunological rejection, degradation at right moment, and a well histocompatibility. Whether bio-derived bone can be used in vivo for long time and exerts functions deserves to be studied.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the local histocompatibility after bio-derived bone implanted into mouse and the effect on immunofunctions.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University. MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University from March to July in 2006. Eighteen BALB/C mice (weighing 20±2 g, half male and half female), one male Kunming mouse (weighing 20 g), and one female rabbit (weighing 2.5 kg) were included in the experiment. All the experimental animals were provided by Laboratory Animal Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University. The disposal of the experimental animals in the test process accorded with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. Porcine cancellous bone (iliac bone) was purchased from the market. Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM, Hycolone, USA), fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco Co., Ltd, USA), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT, Sigma, USA), and concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma Co., Ltd, USA) were used.METHODS: Bio-derived bone was prepared from commercial porcine bone. ① Eighteen BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups with 6 mice in each group: a control group (simple local muscle injury without implantation), a bio-derived bone implantation group ( implanting bio-derived bone into the lower limb), and a xenogenic bone implantation group (femoral bone from Kunming mouse was implanted into the muscle of lower limb). ② Twenty-one days after operation, the implant material and surrounding tissue were obtained for gross observation and haematoxylin-eosin staining to investigate the histocompatibility of bio-derived bone. Mouse immunofunction was assessed by complement-mediated cytotoxicity test. Absorbance was determined with an automatic ELISA reader at 570 nm to assess the cytotoxicity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Histocompatibility of implant surrounded tissue. ②Lymphocyte stimulation indices after induction of concanavalin A. ③ Cytotoxicity in each group after complement-dependent cytotoxicity test.RESULTS: Eighteen BALB/C mice were included in the final analysis. ①Histocompatibility of implant surrounded tissue: In the bio-derived bone implantation group, 21 days after bio-derived bone implantation, there were no presentation of congestion, degeneration, necrosis and diapyesis around the implant in gross, plenty of fibrous connective tissue invaded into the pores of the bio-derived bone, encapsulation and forming the fibrous capsule. A great quantity of neutrophils and macrophages were not detected around the implant by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Bio-derived bone was encapsulated with fibrous tissue, and part of the biomaterial began to degrade, and being replaced with fibrous tissue. Regarding xenogenic bone implantation group, necrotic tissue was detected in the cross-section of the muscle in gross. A lot of neutrophils, macrophages and necrotic tissue were detected around the implant by haematoxylin-eosin staining. ②Lymphocyte stimulation indices: The stimulation index of xenogenic bone implantation group was significantly larger than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the bio-derived bone group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05). ③Cytotoxicity: The cytotoxicity of xenogenic bone implantaion group was significantly larger than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity between the bio-derived bone implantation group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The obtained bio-derived bone causes little immunoreactions, has no obvious cytotoxicity or inflammatory reactions, and possesses a good histocompatibility and bio-safety.

Objective To explore the impacts of preeclampsia and the different extent of proteinuria on maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods The retrospective analysis was conducted according to the perinatal clinical data of preelacmpsia,pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women and normal pregnant women from the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai,excluding twins,diabetic mellitus and patients with chronic kidney disease previously.Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their conditions:① preeclampsia patients (A group,220 cases); ② patients with gestational hypertension (B group,189 cases); ③ normal pregnant (C group,220 cases).Patients with pre-eclampsia according to the degree of proteinuria were further divided into three subgroups:A1:patients with mild proteinuria (n =109); A2:patients with moderate proteinuria (n =72); A3:patients with severe proteinuria (n =39).Results Compared with the other two groups,the patients in A group had higher blood pressure,serum creatinine,uric acid,cesarean section rate,perinatal prematurity,stillbirth,fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in preeclampsia group.However,the serum albumin level,eGFR,neonatal birth weight,length and Apgar scores were lower in A group compared with B and C group (P ＜ 0.05).In three subgroups,serum creatinine level,uric acid level,cesarean section rate,perinatal prematurity and fetal distress were significantly increased in A3 group compared with A1 group,while the serum albumin level,eGFR,gestational age and neonatal birth weight were obviously lower in A3 group than in A1 group (P ＜ 0.05).In patients with preeclampsia,24 h urinary protein was negatively related with the levels of serum albumin and eGFR (P ＜ 0.05),and positivly related with the blood pressure,serum creatinine and caesarean production rate (P ＜ 0.05).Large amounts of proteinuria was a risk factor of adverse outcome for pregnant patients with preeclampsia (OR =2.899,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preeclampsia patients with large amount of proteinuria have poor maternal and perinatal outcomes.Massive proteinuria is a risk factor of adverse outcome for patients with pre-eclampsia.

Objective To compare the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in urban and rural areas in Minhang district of Shanghai through the social economic and clinical data of the elderly population.Methods Jiangchuan Street and Pujiang town were randomly selected to represent the urban and rural population in Minhang district of Shanghai,respectively.Based on the over-60-year old people health examination program,6151 objectives with complete clinical-epidemiological data and bio-chemical index were investigated.The prevalence of CKD in urban and rural areas was compared,and the correlation factors for the urban and rural CKD were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results (1) The survey objectives with an average age of (69.57+7.04) years,including 4345 cases of the city residents and 1806 cases of rural residents,were enrolled.The age structures of urban and rural showed differences,population over 80 years old account for 13.1％ of the rural total,significantly higher than 7.4％ in the urban population (P ＜ 0.001).(2) The prevalence rates of diabetes,hyperuricemia,hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia in urban residents were higher than those in rural residents,which were 26.4％ vs 13.7％,9.9％ vs 2.3％,53.7％ vs 37.4％,51.4％ vs 15.6％ (all P＜ 0.01).The awareness rates of kidney disease and hyperlipidemia showed significant differences in urban and rural areas,which were 32.9％ vs 44.2％,84.6％ vs 62.8％ (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those in rural areas,the treatment rates of hypertension and high blood lipids in urban residents were increased (all P ＜ 0.01).(3) The prevalence of CKD was 23.4％.Female CKD prevalence was higher than male,respectively 26.3％ and 18.5％ (P ＜ 0.01).In urban CKD prevalence was 22.2％,lower than 25.2％ in rural.The prevalence rate of hematuria in urban areas was lower than in rural areas,but the prevalence rate of decline in renal function was higher (all P ＜ 0.05).With the increase of age,the prevalence rate of CKD was increased (P ＜ 0.01).(4) Age (OR=1.072),smoking history (OR=1.543),previous history of kidney disease (OR=1.351),diabetes (OR=1.373),hyperuricemia (OR=2.498),obesity (OR=1.364),history of interventional therapy (OR=1.896) had positive correlation with CKD in city elderly population,while the higher education (OR=0.676,OR=0.604) and drinking (OR=0.585) had negative correlation (all P ＜ 0.05).Age (OR=1.032),female (OR=1.860) had positive correlation with CKD in rural elderly population (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CKD has been a common chronic progressive disease of the aged in Minhang district.The prevalence of CKD is higher in urban areas than in rural.Age is a common factor for CKD in urban and rural.Previous smoking,history of kidney disease,diabetes,hyperuricemia,obesity,history of interventional therapy,education and drinking have correlation with urban CKD patients.Female has correlation with rural CKD population.

Objective To describe the circadian profiles of interdialytic blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to investigate its related factors. Methods Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)was conducted in forty-four patients on regular hemodialysis during interdialytic days.Three groups were identified with their ambulatory blood pressure:non-hypertension group,controlled hypertension group and uncontrolled hypeaension group.Hemoglobin,creatinine,Kt/V,serum total calcium,serum phosphate,immunoreactive parathyroid hormone(iPTH),interdialytic weight gain and Morisky self-report scale etc.were assessed. Results (1)No significant difference was found in ABPM index ranged from decline in nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure,AASI to dipper percentage in three groups.Nevertheless,24-h average pulse pressure in uncontrolled hypertension group was higher than the other groups[(80.06+13.41)vs(53.00±7.73),(57.85±21.97)mm Hg,all P＜0.01].(2)All the three groups showed the blood pressure profile of double-peak and trough.In the uncontrolled hypertension group,however,the nocturnal blood pressure decrease was not notable.(3)Nocturnal systolic blood pressure decline Was negatively correlated to iPTH(r=-0.039,P＜0.05).(4)In ten dippers out of all 44 patients,AASI was negatively correlated with nocturnal diastolic blood pressure decline (r=-0.748,P＜0.05). Conclusion Nocturnal blood pressure decline is correlated to iPTH and arterial selerosis.