Objective: To collect the view of sex of contemporary colleg e studen ts. Methods: To provide questionnaire made by Chen Jialin to 12 00 college studen ts from three universities in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. 1130 of them (94%) were compl e ted and fit for study standard. Results: College students' view of sex tends to be more open but still had some controversy. The difference of views on topics s uch as the purpose of sex, illegal sex and chastity between boy students and gir l students was quite significant, while the students from urban and those from c ountryside shared similar view of sex. Conclusion: Sex educatio n is still at its primary step in Chinese college students.

n Aloe-emodin induced the apoptotic of systemic scleroderma skin fibroblasts and could significantly inhibit the proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

Objective To discuss the position nursing for neonates with type three congenital esophageal atresia after operation. Methods We selected 10 patients with type three congenital esophageal atresia from September 2004 to May 2007.The respirator, trachea catheter was removed after operation and the SpO2 was lower than 95% through head mask.Then the SpO2 was compared in different positions of patients,that is face forward,face lateral, face forward with hypsokinesis,face lateral with hypsokinesis. Results All the ten patients survived the operation.The Sp02 in the four positions under oxygen inhalation were (90.30±0.95)%, (89.90±0.74)%, (96.80±1.48)%, (95.90±0.88)%.The former two results were statistically different from the latter two results (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions The position of face forward with hypsokinesis and face lateral with hypsokinesis facilitated the transition to natural respiration for patients with type three congenital esophageal atresia after remove of respirator and trachea catheter.This could prevent the incidence of complications and the probability of reuse of respirator.

Nowadays more and more medical study fields need mathematics knowledge.The mathematics abilities of medical students include the ability of basic logic thought,changing medical problems into mathematics ones,understanding and applying mathematics knowledge as well as solving mathematics problems with computers.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the association between aquaporins (AQPs) expression in kidney tissue and edema of nephrotic syndrome(NS) patients.MethodsNS patients were divided into edema group (14 cases) and non-edema group (8 cases).Ten patients without NS were used as control group.Expressions of AQP1,AQP2,and AQP4 in renal tissues of 3 groups were detectedbyimmunohistochemistrywithstandardtechniquesandsemi-quantitativeanalysis.Association between AQPs expression and edema was examined.ResultsThe positive index of AQP1 expression in proximal tubules in edema group was 0.0373±0.0110,which was significantly lower as compared to non-edema group (0.0510±0.0120) and control group 0.0574±0.0100),while the difference between non-edema and control groups was not significant.The positive index of AQP1 expression in glomerulus was 0.0106±0.0037 in edema group,which was significantly higher than that in non-edema group(0.0021±0.0013) and control group(0.0020±0.0012),while no significant difference was found between the last two groups.AQP2 mainly localized in the collecting duct system.The positive indexes of AQP2 expression were 0.0498±0.0081,0.0370± 0.0072 and 0.0255±0.0103 in edema group,non-edema group and control group,respectively.The differences were significant among 3 groups.AQP4 expression was not found in the renal cortex and collecting duct system.ConclusionsAQPs expression is different in renal tissues of NS patients.AQP2 may play an important role in the edema of NS patients,and AQP1 may involve in the occurrence of edema.

Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of Rhodioloside in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and its relevance to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases ( PI3-K)/protein serine-threonine kinases ( AKT) signaling pathway .Methods Forty eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation group , ischemia-reperfusion group , and Rhodiolo-side treatment groups (5 and 10 mg/kg).The model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established with thread ligation meth -od.The score of the neurological deficit was estimated 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion.Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The infarct volume was measured with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Apoptotic cells were assessed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.The expressions of PI3-K and p-AKT were evaluated with immunohistochemistry .Results The score of the neurological deficit was decreased more ob-viously, the number of apoptotic were decreased more significantly , the expressions of PI3-K and p-AKT were increased more signifi-cantly in the Rhodioloside treatment groups (5 and 10 mg/kg) than in the ischemia-reperfusion group ( P <0.05).The score of the neurological deficit was decreased , the number of apoptotic was decreased , and the expressions of PI 3-K and p-AKT were increased in the Rhodioloside treatment group (10 mg/kg) than the Rhodioloside treatment group (5 mg/kg) ( P <0.05).Conclusions The protective mechanism of Rhodioloside therapy against cerebral ischemia r-eperfusion injury might be associated with activating the PI 3-K/AKT signaling pathway and then inhibiting neuronal apoptosis .

Objective To develop a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection method for quantification of the nonpolar amino acids in amniotic fluid of congenital malformation including alanine (Ala),leu cine (Leu),isoleucine (Ile),proline (Pro) and phenylalanine (Phe).To compare the different amino acids in amniotic fluid between pregnant women with congenital malformation and normal control and analyze the corresponding pathogenesis.Methods After precipitated protein of the 100 μL supernatant of amniotic fluid by methyl alcohol,the supernatant was dried by nitrogen.The extractions were treated with MSTFA for derivatization.Then gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect and analyze the amino acids.Results This method was proved to have good sensitivity,precision,accuracy and recoveries.Under the optimum testing conditions,the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.12-0.38 mg/L.The calibration curves showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range between 0.5 and 10 mg/L.The recoveries were 91.12％ to 104.41％.The relative standard deviation of intra and inter-day was 0.84％ to 9.33％.The developed method was applied to the quantification of 5 nonpolar amino acids in amniotic fluid of 17 pregnant women with congenital malformation and 13 normal control pregnant woman.The contents of leucine and isoleucine decreased in disease group compared to controls.The difference of the other three amino acids between the two groups had no statistical significance.Conclusions The validation results showed that the method was suitable for detection of the amino acids in amniotic fluid and having broad prospect of clinical application.Leucine may participate in the pathogenesis of congenital malformation.

Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of occult spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults.Methods To review and summarize the imaging data and treatment process of 22 cases of occult spontaneous pneumothorax.Results Surgical treatment was performed in 22 patients.Among them,VATS operation in 18 cases,VATMoperation in 4 cases.Operation difficulty was severe adhesion free existed in the apex of lung and pleural top.22 patients with the successful completion of the operation,no major bleeding during the operation,no open chest surgery.1 -3 years follow -up without recurrence.Conclusion Surgical treatment is the first choice for occult spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults.Often due to severe adhesion of the chest,surgery is difficult,the surgeon should be fully prepared before surgery.Patients with good prognosis,due to the difficulty of early diagnosis,clinicians should pay attention to.

Objective To explore the effects of combined infusion of Treg cells from recipient rats and imDCs from donor rats prolonging the survival time of rats undergoing allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods One hundred cases of rat allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation were performed by using modified two-cuff method: DA rats served as donors,and Lewis rats as recipients,which were divided into 5 groups: acute rejection group,mDC group,imDC group,Treg group,co-infusion group (imDC-Treg group).2 × 106 imDC,2 × 106 mDC and 1 × 107 Treg cells were respectively injected to Lewis rats in every group via caudal vein before transplantation.Four Lewis rats from each group were randomly sacrificed on the day 3,7 and 10 after transplantation.Liver function (ALT and TBIL) and changes of cytokines (IL-10,IL-2 and TGF-β) were evaluated in peripheral blood.The pathological changes of the liver graft were observed.The DNA fragmentation characteristics of apoptosis in the liver were detected by using TUNEL staining.Survival analysis was performed on remnant rats.Results The liver function in imDC-Treg group had reverted to normal faster than that in the control groups.ELISA revealed that at day 7,the serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were higher,and the serum levels of IL-2 were lower in imDC-Treg group.Liver pathology demonstrated that there was only a slight number of mononuclear cell infiltration in hepatic graft afterorthotopic liver transplantation in co-infusion group (imDC-Treg group),which belonged to a nonidentified or slight type of acute rejection,and the liver graft showed regeneration of hepatocytes along with a small number of neutrophile granulocyte infiltration at the day 10.TUNEL staining indicated that the number of apoptotic T cells was much less in control groups than in imDC-Treg groups.The survival time of recipients in Treg-imDC group was 37 days,significantly longer than in irnDC group (23 days) and Treg group (15 days).Conclusion Infusion of imDC from donor rats or Treg from recipient rats alone couldn't induce long-term allograft survival of recipients after allogeneic rat liver transplantation.The co-infusion of Treg and imDC significantly prolonged the survival time of rats subject to allogeneic liver transplantation.

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of evaluation of renal allograft acute rejection in rat withcontrast-enhancedultrasound( CEUS )andtargetedmicrobubbles.MethodsPhospholipid microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1)(MBI) and control microbubbles (MB) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 or isotype control antibody to the lipid capsule via “avidin-biotin” bridging.Ten SD rats with acute renal allograft rejection were injected intravenous of MBI and MB in random order with a 30-min interval.After 3 min of intravenous injection of microbubbles,targeted CEUS imaging was performed in all rats.And then the video intensity (VI) was determined.ResultsIn MBI group,a significant ultrasonic enhancement was observed,but it was not very obvious in MB group.Increment in VI value of transplant kidney in MBI group was great and it amounted to (27.0 ± 7.4)U,however,increment in VI value of in MB group was minor and it was merely (10.2 ± 2.4) U,Difference was evident in transplant kidney between of the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Molecular imaging of ICAM-1 with targeted CEUS can evaluate renal allograft acute rejection effectively.