OBJECTIVE: To summarize the recent progress and clinical application of percutaneous coronary intervention and to seek the direction of new developments.METHODS: A computerized online database of Pubmed was searched to identify articles published from May 2000 to February 2009 with the key words of "drug eluting stents, peroutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary disease". There were 154 articles were retrieved by computer, by reading tities and Abstract s, 27% literatures were remained after excluding 74 irrespective papers and 53 repetitive studies.RESULTS: An ideal drug-eluting stent (DES) was comprised of a platform, a drug carrier vehicle and a pharmaceutical compound in harmony with each other. With the ongoing development of DES materials and drugs, more effective DES was introduced in the practice. Recently, clinical data on DES encourage the interventional cardiologist to use DES in more challenging coronary lesions, such as chronic total occlusions, complex lesions and multi-vessel lesions. However, the safety and efficacy of DES need further attention. Therefore, novel strategies including bioabsorbable stents, and pro-healing agents coated stents were promising.CONCLUSION: The development of percutaneous coronary intervention is a breakthrough in intervention cardiology that brings great benefit to patients with coronary disease, especially for restenosis and revascularization. Nevertheless, more endeavour will be necessary to create PCI with high efficacy as well as low risk, and safety and effectiveness of PCI in patients with ST-segment evaluation myocardial infraction and stent fracture prevention need further study.

With the obesity epidemic,children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)signifi-cantly increased throughout the world,screening and diagnosis of T2DM in the high - risk population is very important. In addition to lifestyle modification,the recommended optimal pharmacologic treatment of children and adolescents with T2DM is Metformin and Insulin. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases,should fully understand the comorbidities and complications of T2DM,and take better assessment and management.

Obesity in children and adolescents has become a public health problem of global attention.Although children obesity has less significant cardiovascular events,many obese children have early vascular lesion and endothelial dysfunction.Therefore,the risk factors of cardiovascular injury should be evaluated and intervented as soon as possible.

BACKGROUND:Application of mechanical valve and bioprosthetic valve replacement is an effective means for the treatment of end-stage valve disease. However, their clinical application is constrained by multiple factors. Tissue-engineered heart valves with biological activity hold the potential to overcome the defect of the mechanical valves and bioprosthetic valves. Choosing appropriate cells for cellseeding is a significant aspect for the research of tissue-engineered heart valves. A growing number of somatic cells and stem cells have been used for construction of tissue-engineered heart valves, however, not yet achieve the desired result.
OBJECTIVE:To review the studies on seed cells for tissue-engineered heart valves and the cellseeding methods in vitro on the basis of the cellular components of heart valves.
METHODS:First author searched PubMed and Wanfang database with computer for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2012. The keywords were“tissue engineering, heart valves, cel”. Preferred articles concerned seed cells of tissue-engineered heart valves with the relevance and authority. A total of 39 articles published in the prestigious journals were reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endothelial cells and interstitial cells were mainly valvular cellular components. In the early stage, endothelial cells and fibroblasts were used to construct tissue-engineered heart valves. With deep stem cellresearch, the application of pulsatile bioreactor cultivation mesenchymal stem cells holds a great potential to produce tissue-engineered heart valves.

Objective To evaluate the role of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic cancer(PC).Methods The database,including Medline,EMBASE,Science Direct,Springer link,CBM,Wanfang,VIP and Cnki were searched by computer and the publication date was before April 1,2015.The studies on evaluating the accuracy of IgG4 in differentiating AIP from PC were screened and selected according to strict determined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quality assessment was made by QUADAS scale.The publication bias were assessed by Stata12.0 software.The heterogeneity of included articles,calculate the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood,negative likelihood were anylyzed by Meta-Disc1.4 software,respectively,and draw the summary ROC (SROC) curve.Results A total of 13 English articles were included and 1403 patients were involved.The pooled sensitivity was 74％ (95％ CI 70％ ～ 78％),the pooled specificity was 93％ (95％ CI 91％ ～ 95％),the positive likelihood ratio was 10.74 (95％ CI 7.16 ～ 16.11),the negative likelihood ratio was 0.25 (95％ CI 0.17 ～0.35) and the area under SROC curve was 0.9340.Conclusions IgG4 has high diagnostic efficacy but low misdiagnosis rate in differentiating AIP from PC,which can be used as one of early diagnostic markers for AIP.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of self-renew,a high degree of proliferation,with multi-differentiation potential,low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties.Both in vivo and in vitro it is able to regulate allogeneic immune response,to induce immune tolerance.In the solid organ transplantation it is playing an increasingly important role.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress on the immunomodulatory mechanism and application of mesenchymal stem cells in solid organ transplantation.METHODS:An online search of Pubmed was undertaken by using the key words of "Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation,Organ Transplantation,Transplantation Immunology,Immunologic Graft Enhancement,Graft vs.Host Disease" in Mesh to identify the relevant articles published in English from January 1994 to October 2009.At the same time,Wanfang database was screened to identify the relevant articles published between January 1994 and October 2009 with the key words of "Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Organ Transplantation,Transplantation Immunology" in Chinese.Inclusive criterion:The articles related to the immunomodulatory properties,transplantation immunology and application of mesenchymal stem calls in the solid organ transplantation were included.Exclusive criterion:The articles with repetitive research or Meta analysis were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 200 relevant articles were selected and 86 of them met the inclusive criterion.Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties,have an indispensable advantage about inducing graft tolerance and repairing tissue in solid organ transplantation.The mechanism of inducting immune tolerance may be related to soluble factors,regulatory T cells,tolerant dendritic cells,bone marrow chimerism,anti-inflammatory and tissue repair,dose and time of injecting MSCs.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in CBM(Chinese Biomedical Database),CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure),Wan-fang,VIP,Pub-Med,Web of Knowledge and EBSCO to collect articles published at home and abroad between 1994-2012 concerning the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.The study was a self-controlled intervention study.The quality of literature was evaluated using the standards of Cochrane and EPOC.Meta-analysis was performed to assess the knowledge about fluorosis prevention using Rev-Man 5.0.Homogeneous data(P ＞ 0.05) was analyzed using a fixed effects model,and heterogeneous data (P≤ 0.05) was analyzed using a random effects model.Results A total of 146 Chinese research papers and 192 English research papers were retrieved.By screening,35 Chinese research papers meet the standards.After reading the full text,6 papers were selected.English literature was not found.According to EPOC criteria all the six literatures included were grade B.Because heterogeneity of the literatures was higher,knowledge point was stratify analyzed according to the study subjects.The intervention effect of students was higher than that of the housewives.After the intervention,the fluorosis disease prevention knowledge awareness of schoolchildren and housewives were increased by 28％ and 26％.Conclusions Health education has a good effect in improving the knowledge of fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of longxuejie capsule in combination with tinidazole in the treatment of chronic cervicitis and its effects on levels of immunoglobulin.Methods 90 cases in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2014, with chronic cervicitis meeting the inclusion critera were randomly divided into 2 groups by method of stratified randomization equally.Control group (n=45) was treated with tinidazole and conventional treatments, while observation group ( n =45 ) was treated with tinidazole and longxuejie capsule.Then, the curative efficacy, scale of symptoms and levels of immunoglobulin were observed and compared.Results The therapeutic efficiency ratio of observation group was 95.6%, which was significantly higher than that of control group ( 80.0%, P<0.05 ).After the treatment, in comparison with the control group, scale of cervical secretion and severity of cervical lesion was statistically lower respectively than observation group ( P<0.05 ).As to immunological function, concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA in observation group were statistically higher than that in control group after the treatment (P<0.05).The control group and observation group respectively in 2 cases and 3 cases of abdominal pain, alleviated by themselves without treatment.Conclusion longxuejie capsule combined with tinidazole is effective and reliable for patients with chronic cervicitis, which significantly improves symptoms and elevates levels of immunoglobulin.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on the tryptophan-kynurenine(TRP) metabolic pathway in rat brains and provide new evidence for the relationship between inflammation and depression.Methods Rats in LPS group were given a single dose of 3.5 mg/kg LPS.while the rats in control group were given the same dosage of saline.The dialysis in ventro-hippocampus were collected by microdialysis within 8 hours and then the TRP,KYN and KA were detected by LC-MS/MS.And the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was detected by Western-blot.Results The level of TRP((550.15± 107.96) pmol/L) and KYN ((337.95±62.73) pmol/L) showed a time-dependent increase after administration LPS 4 h compared with the control group(TRP (368.38±59.31) pmol/L,KYN (172.80±43.96) pmol/L),while KA level in the circulation exhibited a trend to decrease,especially at 7 h ((3.47±0.62) pmol/L,P＜0.05).The ratio of KYN/TRP significantly increased at about 5 h (0.69±0.11,P＜ 0.05),and an ratio of KA/KYN (0.02±0.00) was dramatically decreased after administering LPS 4 h compared with the control group (0.05±0.01)(P＜0.05).Most of the analytes showed more dramatic changes around 4 h to 8 h.LPS group(1.48±0.37) increased the protein expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase compared with the control group(1.00±0.24) (P＜0.01).Conclusions LPS may cause tryptophan metabolic abnormalities and accelerate the way of kynurenine metabolism,leading to decreased the kynurenic acid status.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Cordyceps Extract (Cordyceps sinensis, CS) on ischemia reperfusion injury of transplanted kidney in renal allograft rejection, and to investigate the inhibition of immune regulation mechanism.Methods 100 rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, an ischemia reperfusion group, a cyclosporine A group, a Cordyceps high dose group (CSA), and a Cordyceps small dose group (CSB). Except the blank control group, all the other groups were underwent same race variant body left renal transplantation. 2 hours after the transplantation, cyclosporin A 2.0 mg/(kg?d) was injected to the cyclosporine group, CSA group, and CSB group. 1% CS of 5 and 10 ml/kg by gavage was respectively given to CSA and CSB groups. 10ml/kg sodium chloride was injected to the bland control group and the ischemia reperfusion group. After 14 days (d) of administration, the content of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cystatin C (Cys C), creatinine (Cr), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), serum malondialdehyde(MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) were detected. Results Compared with the  cyclosporin A group, the content of BUN(8.71 ± 0.87mmol/L, 9.78 ± 1.01mmol/Lvs.12.59 ± 1.54mmol/L), Cys C(1.36 ± 0.09 mg/L, 1.40 ± 0.11mg/L vs.1.94 ± 0.12 mg/L), Cr(117.79 ± 15.35μmol/L, 121.28 ± 16.01μmol/L vs.133.76 ± 17.07 μmol/L), LDH(157.32 ± 20.93U/L, 154.35 ± 19.39U/L vs.187.78 ± 25.18 U/L), MDA(122.23 ± 19.41nmol/ml, 125.29 ± 25.97nmol/ml vs.184.23 ± 26.74 nmol/ml) were decreased in the CSA group and CSB group, T-SOD(80.35 ± 7.71U/ml, 78.30 ± 7.79U/ml vs.56.43 ± 7.25 U/ml) was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion CS can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation, renal ischemia reperfusion caused a decrease in MDA and LDH production, increase the activity of T-SOD and TP, ALB, reduce the damage of kidney function, have a dual immunomodulatory effects obvious, with cyclosporin A anti rejection has synergistic effects, while increasing the body immunity, to allograft renal transplantation has protective effect of renal ischemia / reperfusion injury in rats.