Objective: To study the influence of emodin on fluorouracil(5-FU) induced apoptosis by elevating reactive oxygen species(ROS)of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2. Methods: The intracellular ROS levels were detected when exposed to various concentrations of emodin for the indicated periods by flow cytometry(FCM).MTT assay and FCM were used to assess cell viability,apoptosis and cell cycle distribution after treatment with 5-FU alone or combined with various concentrations of emodin.Transmission electron microscope was applied to observe the ultrastructural change of cells. Results: Emodin elevated intracellular ROS level in a dose-and time-dependent manner,and intracellular ROS level of HepG2 cell incubated in 4 ?g/ml emodin reached peak in 2-4 h.Emodin combined with 5-FU sensitized HepG2 cell to 5-FU induced apoptosis via generation of ROS in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Enhancement of ROS generation by emodin may be a novel strategy to improve the curative effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective:To analyze influence factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing e‐mergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI ) .Methods:Clinical data of 656 patients ,who received emer‐gency PCI because of AMI in our hospital from Jan 2005 to Jan 2015 ,were retrospectively analyzed .Short -term prognosis ,including incidence rates of heart failure (HF) ,cardiogenic shock (CS) ,arrhythmias and mortality , were compared and analyzed among these patients from onset related factors ,coronary disease and vascular reope‐ning time etc .Results:Mean onset age of men was significantly younger than that of women (P<0.05) .Incidence rate of AMI in winter and spring was significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (χ2 = 6.244 , P=0.012) .According to complicated with hypertension ,DM ,dyslipidemia and smoking or not ,patients were divided into corresponding disease group and normal group ;only incidence rates of CS (37.78% vs .29.62% ) and arrhyth‐mia (47.78% vs .38.24% ) in DM group were significantly higher than those of non -DM group ,mortality rate of dyslipidemia group was significantly lower than that of normal blood lipid group (0.73% vs .3.69% ) , P<0.05 or< 0.01 ,there were no significant difference in incidence rates of other events between normal group and disease group (P>0.05 all) .Incidence rate of arrhythmia in RCA group was significantly higher than those of LAD group , LCX group and multi -vessel group (56.36% vs .31.55% ,37.50% ,34.38% ) ,mortality of LM group was signifi‐cantly higher than those of LAD group ,RCA group and LCX group (25.00% vs .1.79% ,0.91% ,0% ) , P<0.05 or <0.01. Incidence rate of HF in 10~12h group was significantly higher than those of 0~3h ,4~6h and 7~9h group (79.46% vs .61.70% ,66.81% ,64.78% ) ,incidence rate of arrhythmia was significantly lower than those of 0~3h ,4~6h and 7~9h group (32.14% vs .55.32% ,43.81% ,44.65% ) ,and incidence rate of CS was significant‐ly higher than that of 0~3h group (35.27% vs .21.28% ) , P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Onset age ,season and DM ,coronary disease extent ,vascular reopening time are risk factors influencing short‐term prognosis of AMI .

Objective To compare shikani optical stylet and Mc coy laryngoscope on elder patients with intratracheal intubation anesthesia.Methods 112 cases of elder patients with intratracheal intubation anesthesia were enrolled as study objects, all patients were divided into shikani optical stylet group (52 cases), Mc coy laryngoscope group (60 cases) according to different intubation way. Then detect the hemodynamic parameters, stress-related indicators, EEG relevant indicators of the two groups.Results One time success rate and total success rate in Shikani visual laryngoscope group was higher than Mc Coy visual laryngoscope group, while many times intubation rate was lower (P < 0.05); T1, T2 MAP, HR levels were lower in Shikani optical stylet group than Mc Coy laryngoscope group patients (P < 0.05); Plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose on T1, T2 in Shikani optical stylet group was lower than that in Mc Coy laryngoscope group (P < 0.05); T1, T2 BIS, ECoG grading, αβ% values in Shikani optical stylet group was lower than that in Mc coy laryngoscope group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Elderly patients with intratracheal intubation anesthesia received shikani optical stylet can enhance the success rate of intubation and effectively stabilize patients circulatory system, reduce excessive physical stress caused by various system dysfunction, which shows positive significance.

Objective To investigate application of femoston combined with Kuntai capsule in poor ovarian responders (PORs) receiving vitro fertilization. Methods 120 women with poor ovarian response after receiving IVF were s randomly elected. Pre-treatment with femoston plus Kuntai capsule was used for three menstrual cycles before the next cycle of assisted reproductive treatment. FSH, LH, E2, AMH, number of antral follicles, PSV, days of Gn, ampoules of Gn, cycle cancellation rate, E2 value of the day of HCG, follicle of less than 16mm, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, and number of good quality embryos were compared before and after treatment used. Results After pre-treatment, levels of FSH and LH were decreased, AMH, PSV were increased, E2 value of the day of HCG, number of antral follicles, follicle of less than 16 mm, oocytes, fertilization rate, and good quality embryos were increased; cycle cancellation rate was decreased, with significant differences (P< 0.05). Conclusions Femoston combined with kuntai capsule can effectively increase the functional reserve of the ovarian in poor ovarian responders, and can improve the outcome of IVF.

This study investigated the effect of arctigenin (Arc) on the cell activation, cytokines expression, proliferation, and cell-cycle distribution of mouse T lymphocytes. Mouse lymphocytes were prepared from lymph node and treated with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionimycin (Ion) and/or Arc. CD69, CD25, cytokines, proliferation and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that, at concentrations of less than 1.00 micromol x L(-1), Arc expressed non-obvious cell damage to cultured lymphocytes, however, it could significantly down-regulate the expression of CD69 and CD25, as well as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 on PMA/Ion stimulated lymphocytes. At the same time, Arc could also inhibit the proliferation of PMA/Ion-activated lymphocytes and exhibited lymphocyte G 0/G1 phase cycle arrest. These results suggest that Arc possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects that may be mediated through the regulation of cell activation, cytokines expression and cell proliferation.

In this study, we evaluated the influence of different variance from each of the parameters on the output of tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model in Chinese healthy volunteers, using Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST). Besides, we estimated the index of sensitivity within whole course of blood sampling, designed different sampling times, and evaluated the quality of parameters' and the efficiency of prediction. It was observed that besides CL1/F, the index of sensitivity for all of the other four parameters (V1/F, V2/F, CL2/F and k(a)) in tacrolimus PopPK model showed relatively high level and changed fast with the time passing. With the increase of the variance of k(a), its indices of sensitivity increased obviously, associated with significant decrease in sensitivity index for the other parameters, and obvious change in peak time as well. According to the simulation of NONMEM and the comparison among different fitting results, we found that the sampling time points designed according to FAST surpassed the other time points. It suggests that FAST can access the sensitivities of model parameters effectively, and assist the design of clinical sampling times and the construction of PopPK model.

Objective To investigate the influence of hedysaryum polysaccharide (HPS)in the kidney function and expressions of Glut-1 mRNA and protein in kidney tissue of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN)and to elucidate its possible action mechanism.Methods 10 db/m mice were taken as normal control group(n=10);50 fueling animal model db/db mice with DN were randomly divided into model group,enalapril group and the low, middle and high doses of HPS groups(n=10).The mice in noral control group and model group were given physioloical saline by gavege;and the mice in the other groups were respectively given 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 enalapril, 100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS by gavage;lasted 8 weeks.Picric acid method was used to determine the serum creatinine(SCr)level of the mice,enzyme coupling rate method was used to determine the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level,ELISA method was used to determine the urinary microalbumin(UMALB)level,RT-PCR method was performed to detect the expression of Glut-1 mRNA, and Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of Glut-1 protein.Results Compared with model group,the levels of SCr, BUN, UMALB, the mRNA and protein of Glut-1 expressions were decreased, especially in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS and enalapril groups(P<0.01).The HE and Masson staining results showed that less inflammatory cells infiltration in glomerular of the mice were found, capillary lumens were unobstructed, and the collagen deposition was not obvious in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 group.Conclusion HPS could improve the kidney function of the db/db mice and inhibit the Glut-1 mRNA and protein expressions obviously, which indicates that HPS could delay the development of DN by inhibiting the Glut-1 expression in the glomerular mesangial cell membrane.

Based on the approaches of TLC identification, HPLC for assaying managiferin, and of the determination of water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in 12 samples, collected from southwest of China, the quality standard of Gentiana rhodantha has been established. The results show the reference materia medica and mangiferin can be both well used as reference substances for TLC identification; the mass fractions of mangiferin is 0.7%-4.4% (average 2.8%), water 6.1%-8.6% (average 7.2%), total ash 3.7%-10.8% (average 6.6%) and acid-insoluble ash 0.2%-2.7% (average 1.3%). The recommended standards of quantitative indexes are that the mass fractions of mangiferin is not less than 2.0%, and the water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash are not more than 9.0%, 8.0% and 3.0% respectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

Depression is a common mental illness in the elderly, which is associated with compromised quality of life, disability, suicide risk and mortality.Drug treatment of late-life depression has large adverse reactions and is prone to drug resistance.Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions have gradually become a research hotspot.This paper reviewed the research progress of non-pharmacological interventions of late-life depression at home and abroad in recent years, and provides a theoretical basis for further research on effective treatment of late-life depression.

Objective: To evaluate the caries status of a cohort of 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing in a period of 2 years by using Cariostat caries activity test and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Cariostat score as a caries risk indicator for caries-free children. Methods: Totally 426 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing were recruited in the present study. Informed consents were obtained from the children's parents. Dental plaque samples of the children were collected and the Cariostat caries activity tests were conducted at baseline and once a year for 2 years. After two years, the caries status of the cohort children were re-evaluated and the caries incidences amongst children with high (2.0, 2.5, 3.0), medium (1.5) and low (1.0, 0.5, 0.0) levels of Cariostat scores were compared and analyzed. Results: Totally 864 3-year-old children from 2 kindergartens were screened before the study startedand 426 (49.3%) children were caries free. After 2-year follow-up, 312 out of 426 (73.2%) remained in the study. The overall caries incident rate was 46.5% (145/312). The caries incident rate of children with high level of Cariostat scores was 88.9% (88/99), while the caries incident rates of children with medium and low levels of Cariostat scores was 38.7% (36/93) and 17.5% (21/120), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Cariostat test in assessing the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children in a period of 2 years were 60.7% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusions Cariostat caries activity test can be used as an indicator to predict the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children. Comprehensive caries management could be conducted for children in kindergartens based on the caries risk assessment results of caries experience and the Cariostat score.