Sleep, learning and memory are all belonging to the brain essential functions .There is a long-standing standpoint that sleep supports memory consolidation which is convinced by many experiments .Sleep has a consolidation effect on memory and can help remolding short-term memory.Hence, researchers further discuss about the reciprocal relationships between sleep and learning and memory by establishing sleep-deprivation model .The present review focuses on the changes of neurotransmitters , immediate brain harm and gene related changes in order to discuss potential mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between them .

Transsexuals are specific humans who abandon their traditionally functional reproduction.However they may wish to have a child in the new-gender identity.At present in China,assisted reproductive technology(ART) should be limited to those female-to-male transsexuals with a female partner.The assisted reproductive institutions should keep the information for transsexuals confidential in the whole treatment procedure.In some cases,we could appeal to the ART ethics committee for support.Before sex reassignment surgery(SRS),the candidate transsexuals could preserve their fertility by cryo-storing germ cells,tissues and organs for future reproductive usage.

Objective:To compare the caries removal efficiency of Carisolv with that of drilling in deciduous teeth.Methods:Thirty-two children,aged from 6 to 9 years,with symmetric coronal medium or deep caries in deciduous teeth,were involved in the clinical study.According to a split-mouth design,in each patient,caries tissue was removed by using a round bur on one side,and Carisolv on the other side.After caries removal,the teeth were restored with composite resin.Patients were asked to fill in a postoperative questionnaire,including patient acceptance of technique preference.6 months after operation the restorations were checked.Results:The time(min) for Carisolv caries removal and for drilling method were 4.33?1.25 and 2.58?0.82 respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:Carisolv is a time-consuming technique,but the majority of patients accepte Carisolv because of less pain.Carisolv may have no effect on the incidence of marginal microleakage and secondary caries.

Objective To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.Methods Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in peripheral venous blood were determined by ELISA in patients with pre-eclampsia(n=9),severe pre-eclampsia(n=10) and eclampsia(n=5)(total eclampsia n=24) and healthy controls(n=18).Results Patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia had higher level of serum sVEGFR-1(pre-eclampsia:58?7 mg/L,severe pre-eclampsia:82?15 mg/L,eclampsia:96?13 mg/L vs control:11?3 mg/L,P

Objective: To investigate the influence of social comparison and social support on negative physical self of female from adolescents to young adulthood. Methods: 980 female students aged from 12 to 22 completed NPSS-F (negative physical self scale-fatness), MSPSS (multidimensional scale of perceived social support) and PACS (physical appearance comparison scale). Their body mass index (BMI) was also calculated by weight and height of the subjects. Results: High school students had higher score in Fatness dimension than middle school students (13.5?9.3/11.0?9.0,P

Doctors'language can help the patients and hurt them as well just like their bis-toury.Warm words give the patients confidence,hope and energy to beat their disease.When doctors communicate with the patients,their words are not only the important tool but also a kind of art.This article displays five artistic characters of doctors'words such as morality,etiquette,emotion,preciseness and secrecy.

BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote mitosis and chemotaxis of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLCs), and help the generation of extracellular matrix and new blood capillaries. But it is easy to degrade,has short half-life, and metabolizes rapidly.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of bFGF/chitosan/polylactic acid scaffolds on PDLCs growth and proliferation.METHODS: Polylactic acid/chitosan composite scaffolds in different proportions (4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, 1:4) were prepared through freeze-drying method, to study their microstructure, porosity and mechanical strength and then choose the optimal ratio of chitosan/polylactic acid scaffold that was used to prepare the composite scaffolds which contained different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) of bFGF. (1) Cytotoxicity test: PDLCs were cultured with leaching liquid of polylactic acid/chitosan scaffolds which contained different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) of bFGF and DMEM culture medium respectively. The effects on cell proliferation were tested by MTT after 24, 48, 72 hours. Cell cycles were tested using flow cytometry at 5 days of culture. (2) Cytocompatibility test: PDLCs were co-cultured with the polylactic acid/chitosan scaffolds which contained different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) of bFGF. The number of PDLCs was counted at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The growing status of PDLCs on the scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscope at 3 days of culture.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The best mass ratio of polylactic acid and chitosan was 2:3 by test of porosity and mechanical strength. (2) The absorbance value of each group was increased over time. The absorbance values of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L bFGF groups were higher than that of the control group (0 μg/L bGFG), and the A value of 10 μg/L group was highest in all groups at 48 and 72 hours after co-culture (P < 0.05). (3) Cell percentages at G0/G1 phase of 0.1, 1, 10,100 μg/L bFGF groups were higher than that of the control group, and the percentage of 10 μg/L group was lowest in all groups (P < 0.05). Cell percentage at S phase and G2/M+S of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L bFGF groups were higher than that of the control group, and the percentage of 10 μg/L group was highest in all groups (P < 0.05). (4) The number of cells in each group was increased with time. The cell number in the 10 μg/L was most in all groups at 3 and 5 days of co-culture (P < 0.05). Observation of scanning electron microscopy showed that PDLCs adhered and grew well on the 10 μg/L bFGF/polylactic acid/chitosan composite scaffold when co-cultured for 3 days. Overall, these findings indicate that the bFGF/polylactic acid/chitosan composite scaffold contributes to PDLCs proliferation.

Matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) is an important gene in coloreetal cancer occurrence and development.MMP-9 can induce cell proliferation,angiogenesis and neoplasm infiltration,and then leads to coloreetal cancer invasion and metastasis.MMP-9 can not only play the role individually in coloreetal canccr invasion and migration,but also can cooperate with other genes.MMP-9 is a key protease in terminal metastasis of coloreetal cancer.

Objective To observe the effect ofDanhuai-Yinxie condensed pill on the expression of VEGF and its receptors in the model rabbits with psoriasis.Methods Fourty-two healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the Acitretin group, and the low-, medium- and high-doses ofDanhuai-Yinxie condensed pill groups. The backs of rabbits’ ears were wiped with 5% propranolol for 4 weeks in the latter four groups, while with saline for the same period in the control group. The rabbits in the Acitretin group were intragastric administrated with 1% Acitretin one day since the models of psoriasis were successed, while the rabbits in the low-, medium- and high-doses ofDanhuai-Yinxie condensed pill groups were intragastric administrated withDanhuai-Yinxie suspension 20, 40, 80 mg/kg daily, respectively. The rabbits in the control and model groups were intragastric administrated with equal-volume saline daily. The expression of VEGF, its receptor 1 (FLT-1) and receptor 2 (KDR) were detected by ELISA method, and the expression of VEGF mRNA was detected by PCR method, dermal papillary vascular density (MVD) and the T lymphocytes proliferation from peripheral blood were detected.Results The expression of VEGF (114.43 ± 952 ng/ml, 109.65 ± 9.15 ng/mlvs. 179.90 ± 11.30 ng/ml), VEGF mRNA (0.83 ± 0.07, 0.80 ± 0.06vs. 2.74 ±  0.15), FLT-1 (4.54 ± 0.26 ng/ml, 4.16 ± 0.24 ng/mlvs. 6.92 ± 0.38 ng/ml), KDR (2.48 ± 0.16 ng/ml, 2.51 ± 0.19 ng/mlvs. 6.79 ± 0.27 ng/ml), MVD (10.12 ± 1.97, 9.83 ± 1.12vs. 16.45 ± 2.05) and T lymphocytes proliferation (87.35% ± 6.29%, 86.21% ± 6.42%vs. 123.74% ± 9.18%) in the medium- and the high-dose groups significant decreased than those in the model group (P<0.05).ConclusionDanhuai-Yinxiecondensed pill could reduce the expression of VEGF, block the binding of VEGF to its receptors, inhibit angiogenesis, inhibit the reconstruction of subcutaneous tissues, reduce the dysplasia of dermal microvessels, and inhibit the proliferation of T cells.

Objective To explore the development trends in community nursing. Methods The current situation of community nursing in Shanghai was analyzed by means of questionnaire surveys and literature review. Subjects A total of 3 173 questionnaires were distributed to community nurses, hospital nurses, community residents, and hospitalized patients and 2 942 of them were retrieved, the rate of retrieval being 93.8%. Results The demand for community nursing was not satisfied, the number of community nurses was insufficient and their general quality was low. Conclusion The scope of services in community nursing needs to be expanded with demand as a guide, more community nurses need to be cultivated, and the quality of the nursing contingent needs to be enhanced.