Sleep, learning and memory are all belonging to the brain essential functions .There is a long-standing standpoint that sleep supports memory consolidation which is convinced by many experiments .Sleep has a consolidation effect on memory and can help remolding short-term memory.Hence, researchers further discuss about the reciprocal relationships between sleep and learning and memory by establishing sleep-deprivation model .The present review focuses on the changes of neurotransmitters , immediate brain harm and gene related changes in order to discuss potential mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between them .

Objective:To compare the caries removal efficiency of Carisolv with that of drilling in deciduous teeth.Methods:Thirty-two children,aged from 6 to 9 years,with symmetric coronal medium or deep caries in deciduous teeth,were involved in the clinical study.According to a split-mouth design,in each patient,caries tissue was removed by using a round bur on one side,and Carisolv on the other side.After caries removal,the teeth were restored with composite resin.Patients were asked to fill in a postoperative questionnaire,including patient acceptance of technique preference.6 months after operation the restorations were checked.Results:The time(min) for Carisolv caries removal and for drilling method were 4.33?1.25 and 2.58?0.82 respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:Carisolv is a time-consuming technique,but the majority of patients accepte Carisolv because of less pain.Carisolv may have no effect on the incidence of marginal microleakage and secondary caries.

Transsexuals are specific humans who abandon their traditionally functional reproduction.However they may wish to have a child in the new-gender identity.At present in China,assisted reproductive technology(ART) should be limited to those female-to-male transsexuals with a female partner.The assisted reproductive institutions should keep the information for transsexuals confidential in the whole treatment procedure.In some cases,we could appeal to the ART ethics committee for support.Before sex reassignment surgery(SRS),the candidate transsexuals could preserve their fertility by cryo-storing germ cells,tissues and organs for future reproductive usage.

Objective To observe the Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods The rat models of diabetic were established by intraperitoneal injecting streptozotocin.Kidney weight and the index of kidney were measured,and 1,4,7weeks blood sugar,serum creatinine,urine microalbumin and urea were dynamically observed for evaluating Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney.Results The 1,4,and 7 weeks of kidney weight was (0.662± 0.062) g,(0.670±0.061) g,(0.657±0.063) g,renal index was (0.312±0.041) ％,(0.309±0.402) ％,(0.311 ±0.0317) ％,serum creatinine was (0.51±0.03)mg/d1,(0.57±0.03)mg/d1,(0.52±0.02)mg/d1,albumin was (1.77±0.17)mg/24 h,(1.52±0.19)mg/24 h,(1.56±0.11)mg/24 h.urea was (90.71 ±0.37)mmol/L,(91.57±0.48) mmol/L,(90.56±0.39)mmol/L in the normal control group respectively.While in the model group,the value of kidney weight was (0.879±0.037)g,(0.912±0.038)g,(0.871±0.393)g,renal index was (0.494±0.039)％,(0.487±0.038)％,(0.465±0.235)％,serum creatinine was (3.71 ±0.14) mg/d1,(3.51±0.12) mg/d1,(3.32±0.11)mg/d1,urinary albumin was (7.29±0.22)mg/24 h,(7.11±0.34)mg/24 h,(7.14±0.21)mg/24 h.urea was (109.59± 8.42),(92.52±2.41),(90.71 ±0.67) respectively.Compared with the normal control group these values were decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.05).In the Cordyceps sinensis group kidney weight was (0.837±0.036)g,(0.747±0.029)g,(0.694±0.357)g,renal index was (0.412±0.024)％,(0.395±0.037)％,(0.361±0.027)％,serum creatinine was (1.44±0.11)mg/d1,(0.81± 0.04) mg/d1,(0.62±0.03) mg/d1,urinaryalbumin was (5.71±0.25)mg,(4.52±0.21)mg,(3.96±0.15)mg,urea was (109.59± 8.42) mmol/L,(92.52±2.41) mmol/L,(90.71 ± 0.67) mmol/L respectively.Compared with the model group these values were decreased significantly(P＜0.05) in the Cordyceps sinensis group.Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis extract has a protective effect on kidney of diabetic rats.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of heavy specific gravity levobupivacaine in spinal block.Method:30 selective general surgical patients of ASAⅠ～Ⅱin obstetrics and gynecology were randomly di- vided into levobupivacaine group(L group)and bupivacaine group(B group).After opening the venous channel and transfusing equilibrium liquid 30 mins,the T 4-5 space was selected as the puncture site for the epidural puncture.The 2 medicaments were injected in the rate of 0.1 ml/s respectively.Then the anesthetizing onset time,maintenance time,time of motion blockade and restoration,effect of anesthesia,variations of blood pressure and heart rate and adverse drug reac- tion were observed.Result:The onset time was 82.61?22.10 s in L group and 59.30?21.50s in B group,respectively. The variations of SBP,DBP and HR in L group were less than those in B group.There was no significant difference in the 2 groups in maintenance time,time of motion blockade and restoration and effect of anesthesia.Conclusion:Compared with bupivacaine,heavy specific gravity levobupivacaine can make the same anesthesia effect with a steadier blood circulation. The specific gravity levobupivacaine is a safe and feasible drug for spinal anesthesia.

Objective To study the relation between changed atrial load and atrial septal motion.Methods Forty one patients with valve diseases,7 patients with congenital heart diseases, and 12 normal subjects were involved.Two dimensional image was obtained by transesophageal echocardiography.The thickness,wave time and velocity were showed during atrial septal motion by omni directional M mode echocardiography (OME).Results With increase of the volume load and pressure load in the atrium,the atrial septal thickness increased, and the velocity of atrial septal motion increased or reduced.Conclusions OME shows that the thickness and velocity of atrial septal motion relates with condition of atrial load.

Objective To analyze the efficiency of mifepristone combined with norethindrone in treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding of peri-menopause. Methods 56 patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding of peri-menopause were randomly divided into two groups, the study group(30 cases) and the comparision group(26 cases). The patients in the study group were treated with mifepristone in small doses combined with norethindrone. And the patients in the comparision group were treated only with norethindrone. Before treating, all the patients were observed and measured symptom of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, blood routine,the function of liver and ren.the en-dometrial thickness and pelvic by ultrasonography. Through hysteroscopy or uterine curettage of diagnosis, en-dometriums were measured by pathology. Results 26 cases in the study group were evaluated as effective,2 cases as obviously effective,and 2 cases as no effective. In the comparision group, 10 patients were evalutated as effective,8 patients as obviously effective,8 patients as no effective. The total effective rates of study group was significantly higher than those of comparison group(P

Multiple myeloma is one of the common hematological malignant disease,but the treatment response was not very promising with conventional and high-dose chemotherapy.There are many new medicines or new therapies having been developed in recent years,such as thalidomide and its derivant,proteasome inhibitors,arsenic trioxide etc,they are more effective than conventional chemotherapy,such as oral melphalan and prednisone(MP);vincristine,doxorubicin,and dexamethasone(VAD).This paper summarize the recent advances in the new options for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Objective To study the expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in human adenomyosis and to explore the correlation between the expression and pathogenesis of human adenomyosis. Methods Immunohistochemical S-P method was employed to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in 58 specimens of ectopic endometrium, eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis and 30 specimens of normal endometrium. Results The expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis were significantly higher than those of normal endometrium (P

Objective To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.Methods Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in peripheral venous blood were determined by ELISA in patients with pre-eclampsia(n=9),severe pre-eclampsia(n=10) and eclampsia(n=5)(total eclampsia n=24) and healthy controls(n=18).Results Patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia had higher level of serum sVEGFR-1(pre-eclampsia:58?7 mg/L,severe pre-eclampsia:82?15 mg/L,eclampsia:96?13 mg/L vs control:11?3 mg/L,P