Objective To find out the influence of different suffix vowel(abbreviation:SV) on the duration of/s/(a voiceless fricative) with acoustic detection method. Methods Two men and two women who were fluent in Mandarin Chinese were recruited in this study. The words included /s/and the suffix vowel /a/,/u/or/i/.The CSL4150 software from Kay Co. was used to analyze the words. Then we compared the durations of/s/when the suffix vowel was /a/,/i/and/u/,respectively. The influence of difference suffix vowel on the duration was exam_ined, and gender effects were also studied on the duration. ResuIts As a voiceless fricative, when the suffix vowel was /a/,the duration for males was 200. 2, and 276. 8 ms for females, respectively. When the suffix vowel was /i/, the duration for males was 218. 2, and 326. 5 ms for females, respectively. When the suffix vowel was /u/,the dura_tion for males was 214. 5, and 302. 9 ms for females, respectively. ConcIusion When the suffix vowel is different, the duration of stop, resistance and in number is different, and also affected by gender.

Objective To establish a ten-zone divisional method of the knee joint and investigate its clinical application to arthroscopic total synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 22 fresh frozen specimens of adult knee joints were prepared for anatomical study on the sagittal septum of the knee to establish ten-zone divisional method of the knee joint. A retrospective study was carried out on 37 patients with early-stage RA (40 knees) undergone arthroscopic total synovectomy. Among the cases,15 knees were operated according to ten-zone divisional method; and the other 25 were treated with the routine method. The patients were followed up for 10-72 months to evaluate their Lysholm score,Lequesne Index,and Larsen stage classification. Results There was a sagittal septum in the knees,connecting anteriorly to the fat pad,alar fold,or mucous ligament. The middle part of the sagittal septum lied between the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,and its posterior part formed the posterior septum of the knee. Considering the anatomy of the sagittal septum,the synovium of the knee could be divided into 10 zones. All of the patients underwent total synovectomy by ten-zone divisional method achieved excellent or good outcomes (100%,15/15),none of them recurred during follow-up. Among the 25 knees that received total synovectomy by routine arthroscopic method,17 achieved excellent or good outcomes (68%,17/25),and 8 had recurrence (Fisher's exact test,P=0.016). Conclusions Arthroscopic total synovectomy was one of the effective treatments for early-stage RA. The ten-zone divisional method for total synovectomy according to the structure of the knee sagittal septum could improve the clinical results of total synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. The clinical pathway is the therapeutic program for disease-specific treatment and its implementation may reduce both the duration and cost of the hospital stay. This study aims to construct and evaluate the efficacy of clinical pathways (CPs) based on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with AMI.

Objective To study the ability of S100B to predict the clinical outcomes and complications after aneu?rysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Method This study is a one-center and consecutive recruitment. Plasma S100B levels were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) within 72 hours after onset. The charac?teristics, treatment patterns, complications and outcomes of patients were also analyzed. Results The S100B levels of aSAH patients were higher than that of health controls(28.55 pg/mL vs. 21.20 pg/mL, P<0.001). S100B levels (P=0.05), Hunt-Hess higher scales (P<0.001), delayed cerebral ischemia (P<0.001) and hydrocephalus (P=0.028) were associated with poor outcomes. S100B also can predict complications in hospital. Conclusions The levels of S100B rise during acute phase of aSAH and S100B may be a useful biomarker to predict functional outcomes and complications in hospital.

BACKGROUND:A preliminary experiment developed a double-chamber stirred bioreactor which can carry out osteogenic and cartilage induction at the same time.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of double-chamber stirred bioreactor on the repair of goat knee cartilage defects with tissue-engineered cartilage.
METHODS:Twelve goats were selected to make bilateral femoral condyle osteochondral defects models and randomized to three groups:experimental group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor under mechanical stimulation;control group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor;blank control group, without treatment. After 12 and 24 weeks of implantation, general observation, Masson staining, II col agen immunohistochemical staining and histological scoring were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental and control groups, new cartilage tissue and bone tissue were visible, but the experimental group showed better repair effects than the control group (P<0.05). The blank control group had no cartilage formation. These findings indicate that under the mechanical stimulation by the double-chamber stirred bioreactor in vitro, the repair effect of tissue-engineered osteochondral complex on knee joint cartilage defects can be improved.

BACKGROUND:It is difficult to perform superselective catheterization of the internal carotid artery in dogs because of the large bending and spiral shape of the interal carotid artery before entering into the skul. At present, the dog models of cerebral infarction established by injecting autologous blood clots and gelatin spongevia the internal carotid artery are far from the perspective of pathological mechanism of human patients with cerebral infarction. Aortography can visualize the structure of cerebral vessels and is likely to provide a new condition for the establishment of dog models of acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of establishing cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterizationvia the vertebral basilar artery. METHODS: Five beagle dogs were divided into thrombus group (n=3) and control group (n=2). The beagle dogs in the thrombus group were subjected to digital subtraction angiography of the aortic arch, bilateral common carotid arteries and vertebral arteries in addition to femoral arterial catheterization. The 2.7F micro-catheter was inserted into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. An autologous blood clot was injected into the convergence zone. The dogs in the control group were injected with appropriate amount of contrast medium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:Through angiography of the left and right common carotid artery of five dogs, thick external carotid arteries (10/10) and their branches were clearly displayed, however, only five (5/10) internal carotid arteries were dimly present. A spiral vascular loop formed in the internal carotid artery with a smal-sized diameter. Through antiography of the left and right vertebral arteries (10/10) angiography, vertebral basilar artery, the circle of “Wilis”, bilateral posterior cerebral arteries, bilateral middle cerebral arteries and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries were clearly displayed, al these contribute to insertion of microcatheter into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. High signal intensity of the left temporal lobe was shown on 3-hour and 6-hour diffusion weighted images.The results demonstrate that the beagle dog models of acute cerebral infarction can be successfuly established by injecting autologous blood clots into the left middle cerebral artery through a microcathter insertedvia the vertebrobasilar artery, which provides a new method of precisely occluding the middle cerebral artery of beagle dogs by catheterization.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of USPIO-enhanced and Gd-enhanced MRI in atherosclerosis and to compare the detection rate of atherosclerotic plaque between them. Methods Thirty-five healthy male rabbits were assigned to experimental group (n=30) to establish a model of atherosclerosis by damaging aortic tunica intima with Foley′s tube in combination with a high fat diet and 5 to control group without any intervention. At week 12, USPIO-enhanced and Gd-enhanced MRI scanning were conducted to compare the signal changes of atherosclerotic plaque before and after enhancement with the 2 contrast media. Ninety seven pictures were randomly selected respectively from the pictures enhanced by the 2 contrast media to compare the detection rate plaque between them. Pthology examination was used for detection standard. For the control group , pictures were randomly selected. Results In the experimental group, 7 rabbits died of Foley′s tube damaging, 2 died of raising and 1 died of anesthesia. All 5 rabbits in control group survived. A total of 172 pathological sections were made with 134 plaques and 72 vulnerable plaques pathologically confirmed. In pictures enhanced by USPIO , 84 plaques were confirmed by HE staining with a detection rate of 86.6%. In pictures enhanced by Gd, 72 plaques were confirmed by HE staining with a detection rate of 74.2%. Detection rate of USPIO-enhanced MRI in atherosclerosis plaque was significantly higher than that of Gd-enhanced MRI (X2=3.96, P=0.046). Conclusion USPIO shows its superiority as a new contrast medium in detection of atherosclerosis plaque.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods The HUVECs were collected from human umbilical core,and the expression of the CGRP receptor-1 was identified though immunofluorescence.After HUVECs were treated with CGRP,the angiogenesis was detected through tube formation experiment.The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected through ELISA method.The mRNA expression of VEGF,VEGF receptor-1 (FLT1),VEGF receptor-2 (KDR) and CGRP receptor-1 were detected through quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) at 3,7,10 days after culturing.Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression of FLT1 and KDR in HUVECs.Results Immunofluorescence result showed CGRP receptor-1 expressed in HUVECs.CGRP could significantly promote angiogenesis and increase VEGF secretion in direct manner.The Q-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of CGRP receptor-1 was significantly higher in CGRP groups than that in control group,especially at 10 days.Compared to the control group,the mRNA and protein expression level of FLT1 and KDR were statistically higher in CGRP groups at different time.Conclusion CGRP can significantly promote angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro,which may be because it can promote VEGF secretion and expression of FLT1 and KDR in HUVECs.Meanwhile,the increase of CGRP receptor-1 expression also can promote angiogenesis of HUVECs.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),laminin(LN)and type IV collagen expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC).Methods:EGFR gene in 78 cases of SACC with complete clinical data was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique,the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry technique(IHC),their correlation with the clin-icopathological parameters was analysed by SPSS 13.00 software.Results:EGFR gene amplification levels(69.2%)was positively related to the ratio of EGFR protein positive expression(7 1 .8%),the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen was posi-tively related to the clinical pathological parameters(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between EGFR and PCNA expression (P<0.05),a negative correlation between LN protein and type IV collagen protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:EGFR gene is amplified in SACC.EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen take part in the occurrence and development of SACC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and influence factors of uterine artery embolization (UAE)in treatment of intractable postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).Methods 126 patients with intractable PPH were treated by UAE in our hospital.We analyzed the influence factors of failed UAE treatments according to the amount of bleeding,the stability of hemodynamics,with disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)or not and active extravasation detected in angiography.Results In 126 intractable PPH patients,13 cases (10.3%) failed to stop bleeding after UAE and the other 113 cases (89.7%)successfully got hemostasis.Logistic regression analysis showed that DIC was a significant factor in failed UAE group (P=0.033,OR 0.107,95%CI 0.014-0.835).Conclusion UAE is an effective method of treating intractable PPH.DIC may be the main cause of the failure of UAE in treatment of intractable PPH.