Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas are a distinct subgroup of non-Hodgin's lymphoma with a particular clinicopathologic behavior.It is the most common type of extranodal low-grade B cell lymphoma.This type of lymphoma tends to appear in patients with a history of autoimmune disease or chronic inflammatory disorders.These indolent lesions usually remain localized for long periods and often respond to local therapy.The most common site of MALT lymphoma is the stomach.This article reviews clinical features and management of MALT lymphoma,emphasizing on gastric MALT lymphoma.

Diabetic rat model was established by peritoneal injection of streptozocin.At the end of 2 weeks,oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) level in diabetic rats was raised [ ( 2.87 ± 0.40 vs 2.27 ± 0.36 ) μg/dl,P＜0.05 ] and endothelium-dependent relaxation was sluggish compared with normal rats.At the end of 6 weeks,oxLDL level continued to increase [ 4.32 ±0.66 ) μg/dl,P＜0.01] and endothelium-dependent maximum relaxation ( Rmax ) was decreased obviously ( P ＜0.01 ).Meanwhile,the protein and mRNA expressions of lectin-like oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-1 ( LOX-1 ),NF-kB,and ICAM-1 on vessel wall of diabetic rats were higher than those in normal rats,and LOX-1 mRNA was positively correlated with the levels of oxLDL,NF-kB,and ICAM-1 mRNA,while negatively correlated with Rmax,indicating that OxLDL/LOX-1 system may cause early endothelial dysfunction in diabetes via activating NF-kB and up-regulating ICAM-1 expression.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 12-16 months,weighing 300-360 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R),and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery.In group D,dexmedetomidine was given as a loading dose of 1 μg/kg (over 10 min) starting from 1 h of ischemia,followed by an infusion of 0.05 μg · kg-1 · h-1 until 2 h of reperfusion.Neurological deficit was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion,and then the rats were sacrificed.Brains were removed for determination of cerebral infarct size and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the hippocampus (by Western blot).The percentage of cerebral infarct size was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham,the neurological deficit score,percentage of head swing to the left,percentage of cerebral infarct size,and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the hippocampus were significantly increased in I/R and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the neurological deficit score,percentage of head swing to the left,percentage of cerebral infarct size,and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury may be related to inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in rats.

To describe the clinical,radiological and pathological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(I-PAP)and to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and treatment.Three patients were successfully diagnosed and treated in our hospital and the literature on the subject was reviewed.Three patients,two males and one female(mean age 46 years),were diagnosed averagely in 4 months.Two severe patients presented with progressive dyspnea and type I respiratory failure,and one mild patient only with dry cough and hypoxemia.Chest X-ray radiographs all showed perihilar "butterfly" shadow and chest CT scans showed diffused ground-glass opacities(GGO),typically with "map" changes and "crazy paving" patterns.All the patients underwent bronchoscope,branchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)had grossly opaque and/or milky appearance and its sediment was periodic acid-Schiff stain positive.Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy(TBLB)specimens were obtained and under light microscopy alveoli and some of the small bronchioles were filled with eosinophilic proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts.By electron microscopy numerous cellular debris and extracellular multilamellated bodies were found.Two severe patients were successfully treated with sequential whole-lung lavage and one required repeated lavages.I-PAP is rare and prone to be misdiagnosed.The radiological features may indicate the diagnosis and examinations of TBLB and BALF can make the accurate diagnosis.Whole-lung lavage is the most effective therapy by now and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)may be beneficial in some patients.

Objective:To review literature from 1956 to 2007 and explore regularities in points selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods:A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results:Points Yingxiang (LI 20) and Feishu (BL 13) were most frequently used.Acupuncture and hydro-acupuncture were the major treatment methods.Conclusion:It is suggested that Yingxiang (LI 20),Yintang (Ex-HN 3),Feishu (BL 13) and Dazhui (GV 14) be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of allergic rhinitis,which is combined with point selection based on syndrome differentiation.

21 8 patients with acute pulpitis were randomly divided into 2 groups.1 09 cases were treated by Depulpin inactivation agent (group DI)for emergency management,another 1 09 cases were treated by pulp drainage with phenol camphor cotton ball(group CP).The effective analgesia rate of DI and CP group was 95.4% and 69.7% respectively(P<0.001 ).

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features for pulmonary cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans,and to improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease.METHODS The clinical features of inpatients with pulmonary cryptococcosis were studied retrospectively.RESULTS There were nine cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis from 1999 to 2006 of all inpatients in our hospital.Mals 5(56%),females 4(44%),and 3 cases(33%) were more than 60 years old.Three cases(33%) were immunocompromised hosts,6 cases(67%) had clinical symptoms.Chest X-ray and computed tomography were various included single or poly patching or nodule shadows,some had cavity(33%) and some had pleural effusions(22%).Six cases had positive results with serum cryptococcal antigen test.All nine patients were treated with fluconazole and improved or cured.CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary cryptococcosis is seldom seen in clinic,it can be observed in humans with normal immune responses or immunocompromised hosts and has no significant clinic manifestations,serum cryptococcal antigen test is helpful,definitive diagnosis needs early lung biopsy.The therapeutic effect is well.

Nogo receptor is specific inhibiting factor conjuncted with myelin of central nervous system(CNS).After spinal cord injury,oligodendroglial cell and Nogo-A released from myelin inside cells inhibited the axonal regeneration.To analyze the intervention for Nogo receptor through molecule outside cell,information inside cell and gene,make clearing the inhibiting action of myelin-associated inhibiting factor-1,provide new thoughts and methods about axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between complete and incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Methods 177 cases of acute cervical spinal cord injury were observed from April 2007 to July 2010. According to ASIA classification, 52 cases of grade A involved in observation group, while 125 cases of grades B~D involved in control group. Intervention included low molecular weight heparin and rehabilitation training. Incidence of VTE in two groups was compared. Results There was 11 cases complicated with VTE in the observation group (21.2%) while 6 cases in the control group (4.8%). There was a difference in incidence of VTE between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a higher incidence of VTE in complete than incomplete cervical spinal cord injury

Objective To explore the effect and injury mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after spinal cord injury (SCI) through detecting the dynamic changes of malonyldialdehyed (MDA)content in spinal cord and observing neurocyte apoptosis and correlation apoptosis factor expression after SCI. Methods Totally 132 adult SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, SCI group, methylprednisolone (MPSS) group. The SCI of SD rats was performed by Allen's weight dropping way to impact on the posteriors of spinal cord T_(10). The contents of MDA were determined by chromatometry, the expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family in the injured spinal cord was detected by immunohistochemical staining;Apoptotic cells were detected by using fluorometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (fluorometric TUNEL) staining. Results The content of MDA in the injured cord increased significantly after SCI;R3eached the peak at 6 hours and 3 days post-injury, then dropped down gradually, then was back to the normal level after 7 days. The number of TUNEL labeling positive cells of SCI group increased at 6 hours post-injury;R3eached the peak at 3 days, then dropped down gradually;Bcl-2, Bax protein began to increase at 6 hours post-injury;R3eached the peak at 5 days after injury, then dropped down gradually. Caspase-3 protein began to increase at 6 hours post-injury;R3eached the peak at 3 days after injury, then dropped down gradually. The content of MDA, the number of TUNEL labeling positive cells, the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax of MPSS group decreased significantly than that of SCI group at the same time;R3espectively, while Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated after administration of MPSS.Conclusion ROS could promote the expression of Caspase-3 and degrade the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax to induce apoptosis of neurocyte, which might play significantly role in the process of secondary SCI. In addition, MPSS exerts neuroprotective effects against ROS toxicity, which might be of importance and might contribute to their clinical efficacy for the treatment of SCI.