Objective To study the relation between Tiam1 gene(T lymphoma invasion/metastasis 1)and carcinomas of larynx metastasized to lymph node.Method Using reverse transcription polymerase chain (RT-PCR) mRNA overexpression of Tiam1 gene in 30 cases of carcinoma of larynx tissue,12 lymph nodes and 10 cases of normal larynx tissue was studied.Result The frequency of TIAM1 overexpression was 75% (6/8) in primary carcinomas of larynx with metastasis but only 18.7%(4/22) in those without metastasis(P=0.0072).Overexpression of TIAM1 in metastasized lymph nodes was observed in 100% (8/8) of lymph nodes with metastasis but in only 25%(1/4) of the lymph nodes without metastasis of carcinoma(P=0.0182).The frequency of TIAM1 overexpression was 33.3% (10/30) in primary carcinomas of larynx.Conclusion Our data suggest that the overexpression of the TIAM1 gene correlates with lymph node metastasis of carcinomas of larynx.

Nissl stain and immunocytochemical methods were used to observe the structure of the subnuclei of interpeduncular nucleus in human neonatal brain and their localization of substance P-, leu enkephalin-, and serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactive elements. It was detected that the human neonatal interpeduncular nucleus could be divided into five subnuclei, including: the dorsal, dorsolateral, lateral, central, and intermediate subnuclei. The immunocytochemical results showed that the substance P-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were distributed chiefly in the dorsolateral, lateral subnuclei and the ventral part of the intermediate subnucleus; the enkephalin-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were concentrated in the central subnucleus; and meanwhile the serotonin-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were found mainly in the dorsal subnucleus.

Using immunohistochemical technique, the distribution and development of substance P (SP)-, L-enkephalin (L-Enk)- and serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactivity in Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus (GDTN) of human foetus (fetal age 11.5 to 35 weeks)and neonate (two days) were demonstrated. Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus in the human might be divided into pars centralis and pars peripheralis; and the time of initial appearance for SP-, L-Enk- and 5-HT-like immunoreactivity in GDTN was different. SP-like immunoreactive fibers and terminals appeared first and were distributed mainly in the pars centralis and their density was very high. L-Enk-like imunoreactive cells, fibers and terminals were distributed in the pars peripheralis. 5-HT-like immunoreactive cells, fibers and terminals were distributed in the medial part of the GDTN; As the foetus developed further, SP-, L-Enk- and 5-HT-like immunoreactivity in the GDTN showed their own special ontogenetic changes respectively

Within three years ,86 cases of tumors in the pineal region were treated by X－ Knife radiosurgical technique,using the standard axial serial CT scan for stereotactic localization,the target were localized by the BRW coordinate system.Radionics RSA－ 3 X－ Knife treatment planning system were used to make plan,Philips SL－ 75－ 14 Linac was used to produce X－ ray.After treatment, follow－ up ranged 6～ 42 months (meanly 24 months),most of the patients showed improvements within 1｀ 6 months. The results of this report proved that the X－ Knife treatment for tumors in the pineal region might be an effective,economical and reliable method.

Objective: To summarize the measures and experience of treatment in mass extremely severe burn patients. Methods: The clinical data and treatment of 8 extremely severe burn patients in August 2 Kunshan factory aluminum dust explosion accident who were admitted in the 100th Hospital of PLA on August 2nd, 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 4 females, aging 22-45 (34±7) years, with total burn area of 55%-98% [(89±15)%] total body surface area (TBSA) and full-thickness burn area of 45%-97% [(80±21)%] TBSA. All the 8 patients were accompanied with severe shock, inhalation injury, and blast injury. According to the requirements of former PLA General Logistics Department and Nanjing Military Command, a treatment team was set up including a special medical unit and a special care unit, with Chai Jiake from the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital as the team leader, Zheng Qingyi from the 175th Hospital of PLA (the Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University) as the deputy leader, the 100th Hospital of PLA as the treatment base, and burn care, respiratory, nephrology, nursing specialists from the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, and the burn care experts and nursing staff from the 180th Hospital of PLA, 118th Hospital of PLA, 98th Hospital of PLA, and 175th Hospital of PLA, and nurses from the 85th Hospital of PLA, 455th Hospital of PLA, 101th Hospital of PLA, 113th Hospital of PLA as team members. Treatment strategies were adopted as unified coordination by the superior, unified responsibility of team leader, division of labor and cooperation between team members, and multidisciplinary cooperation led by department of burns. With exception of one patient who received deep vein catheterization before admission, the other 7 patients were treated with deep vein catheterization 0.5 to 3.0 hours after admission to correct hypovolemic shock as soon as possible. Eight patients received tracheotomy, and 7 patients were treated with mechanical ventilation by ventilator in protective ventilation strategy with low tide volume and low volume pressure to assist breathing. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done one to three times for all the 8 patients to confirm airway injuries and healing status. Escharectomy and Meek dermatoplasty in the extremities of all the 8 patients were performed 3 to 6 days after injury for the first time. Escharectomy, microskin grafting, and covering of large pieces of allogeneic skin on the trunks of 4 patients were performed 11 to 16 days after injury for the second time. The broad-spectrum antibiotics were uniformly used at first time of anti-infective therapy, and then the antibiotics species were adjusted in time. The balance of internal environment was maintained and the visceral functions were protected. One special care unit was on responsibility of only one patient. Psychological intervention was performed on admission. The rehabilitative treatment was started at early stage and in company with the whole treatment. Results: Acute renal injury occurred in 5 patients within 36 hours after injury and their renal function was restored to normal 4 days after injury due to active adjustment of fluid resuscitation program. No pulmonary complications, such as severe pulmonary infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia, occurred in the survived patients. One of the 8 patients died, and the other 7 patients were cured successfully. The wounds were basically healed in 2 patients in 26 or 27 days by 2 or 3 times of operation, and in 5 patients by 4 or 5 times of operation. The basic wound healing time was 26-64 (48±15) days for all the 7 patients. Conclusions Treatment strategies of unified coordination by the superior, unified responsibility of team leader, division of labor and cooperation between team members, and multidisciplinary cooperation led by department of burns are the bases to successful treatment. Correcting shock as soon as possible is the prerequisite and closing wound as soon as possible is the key to successful treatment. Comprehensive treatment measures, such as maintaining and regulating the function of viscera, improving the body immunity, and preventing and treating the complications, are the important components to successful treatment. It is emphasized that in the treatment of mass extremely severe burn patients, specialist burn treatment should always be in the dominant position, and other related disciplines may play a part in auxiliary function.

Obesity is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, which causes higher risks of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Current therapeutic approaches, either pancreatic lipase inhibitors or appetite suppressors, are generally of limited effectiveness. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige cells dissipate fatty acids as heat to maintain body temperature, termed non-shivering thermogenesis; the activity and mass of BAT and beige cells are negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. The existence of BAT and beige cells in human adults provides an effective weight reduction therapy, a process likely to be amenable to pharmacological intervention. Herein, we combed through the physiology of thermogenesis and the role of BAT and beige cells in combating with obesity. We summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades, targeting G protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, nuclear receptors and miscellaneous pathways. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of thermogenesis in energy homeostasis to the representative thermogenic regulators for treating obesity. Thermogenic regulators might have a large potential for further investigations to be developed as lead compounds in fighting obesity.

Objective: To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution and drug resistance of febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical isolates from the febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the departments of hematology in 12 general hospitals in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2014. The drug susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility data. Results: A total of 1 260 clinical isolates were collected from the febrile neutropenic patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.5%) , Escherichia coli (9.1%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (6.6%) , Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (5.0%) were ranked in the first 7 of all pathogens. In the respiratory tract secretions specimens, non-fermented strains accounted for 56.2%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 15.2%. Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 42.3% (104/246) and 32.6% (85/246) respectively in blood samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacteria accounted for 39.4% (76/193) and 28.5% (55/193) respectively in pus specimens. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 54.3% and 82.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus bacterial strain was not found to be resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The detection rate of Enterococcus vancomycin-resistant strains was 8.9%. Enterococcus was not detected resistance to oxazolidinone strains. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were highly sensitive to carbapenems. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 34.1% and 15.8%, respectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was more sensitive to minocycline hydrochloride, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii only to cefoperazone-sulbactam was less than 10.0%. The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii to most of common antibiotics was lower than that of the CHINET surveillance. Conclusions The pathogenic strain distribution in common infection sites of febrile neutropenic patients was characterized. Bacterial resistance surveillance was better than the CHINET nationwide large sample surveillance in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of drug treatment for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) accompanied with feeling of ear fullness (FEF).

METHODSA prospective clinical multicenter research was carried out from August 2007 to October 2011. SSNHL patients aged between 18 to 65 years old and accepted no medication were recruited, with a duration less than two weeks. The patients were divided into four types according to the hearing curve: type A was acute SSNHL in low tone frequencies, type B was acute SSNHL in high tone frequencies, type C was acute SSNHL in all frequencies, and type D was total deafness. Each type was subdivided into two groups by the accompaniment of SEF or not. And each type had four different treatment programs, based on the unified designed randomized table. All patients were followed up for four weeks from the initial examination.

RESULTSA total of 1 024 cases with single side SSNHL were recruited in the study from 33 hospitals in China, including 565 cases accompanied with FEF (55.18%), and 459 cases without FEF (44.82%). By classification of audiogram, 205 cases were type A (20.20%), of whom 122 were accompanied with FEF (59.51%); 141 cases belonged to type B (13.77%), of whom 74 were accompanied with FEF (52.48%); 402 cases were type C (39.25%), of whom 229 were accompanied with FEF (56.97%); and 276 cases were classified as type D (26.95%), of whom 140 were accompanied with FEF (50.72%). No significant difference was observed in total effective rate between the SSNHL patients accompanied with FEF or not in four acoustic types (P > 0.05). Among four acoustic types, the clinical cure rate of patients accompanied with FEF in type A was 93.44%, ranking the first; followed by 84.28% for type C; 75.71% for type D; and 70.27% for type B, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe therapeutic effect for patients accompanied with FEF in type A is satisfactory. The presence of FEF do not impact the therapeutic effect for SSNHL patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult