The pathophysiology of allergic disease such as asthma and allergic rhinitis tell the similar story: when the endogenous and exogenous inflammatory mechanisms occur disorder, the body may begin with inflammatory cell activation, namely through the release of cytokine and inflammatory mediator role in the corresponding target cells, activate the sensory nerve fiber, acting on the cell organ specificity effect, clinical symptoms. This article is divided into the following five parts focused on the research progress of allergic inflammatory diseases: (1) inflammatory cells; (2) staphylococcus aureus superantigen; (3) small molecules (cytokines, inflammatory mediators, lipid classes medium); (4) nerve fibers and effect cells; (5) genetic and epigenetic factors.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; physiopathology

Objective To study the expression of striatin(STRN) protein in brain tissue of paitents with drug-refractory epilepsy,and analyze the clinical significance of the expression.Methods Immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,cDNA array and Western blot were used to measure the levels of STRN cDNA and the protein in surgically removed temporal lobe tissues of patients with refractory epilepsy.Samples were retrieved from the brain bank of the authors' department(n=42),and the results were compared with that of the normal controls(n=12).Results STRN cDNA of STRN was abnormally expressed in the temporal cortex of the patients with epilepsy,the ratio of Cy5/Cy3 of STRN was 0.384.Moreover,the expression of STRN was significantly lower in neurons and glial cells of all epilepsy specimens.OD value in epileptic tissues determined by Immunohistochemical method was 0.310 8?0.108 7,which was significantly lower than that of control(0.421 0?0.120 2,P

Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is painful and challenging disease.High success rate of antimicrobial therapy in most cases has not been achieved in skeleton due to its physiological and anatomical characteristics.The key to successful management is early diagnosis and treatment.Different types of post-traumatic osteomyelitis require different medication and different surgical therapeutic strategies.Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is associated with avascular necrosis of bone and formation of sequestrum(dead bone).Surgical debridement is necessary in addition to antibiotic therapy.Generally,multidisciplinary techniques are required,including orthopaedic surgery,plastic surgery,as well as vascular surgery,especially for complex cases with soft-tissue defect.

BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether serial cel passage in vitro influences the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of cel passage on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at passages 3, 6, 9, 12 were incubated in serum-free medium. After culture for 7 and 14 days, cel biological characterization was observed and differenitaiton ability into neural stem cel s was observed by detecting Nestin expression in cel s using flow cytometry. Then, the cel s were further induced to differentiate and cel multipotential differentiation capacity was detected by measurement of nerve enolase and glial acidic protein expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under induction, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at different passages were al differentiated into Nestin-positive neural stem cel s. However, there was a significant difference in differentiation proportion of cel s at different passages (P<0.05). Strongest differentiation ability was found in the passage 6 cel s, with the Nestin expression up to (93.7±2.3)%at 7 days of induction and (96.2±1.8)%at 14 days of induction. The proportion of differentiated cel s at passages 6 and 9 was signfi cantly higher than that at passages 3 and 12. Moreover, adherent cel s were positive for nerve enolase and glial acidic protein. Al these findings indicate that the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s is correlated with cel passage. Cel s at lower or higher passages are both detrimental to cel differentiation.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin on patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods:A total of 126 patients with atrial fibrillation from our hospital during Jun 2012-Jun 2013 were selected. According to hiding number random method,they were divided into aspirin group (n=63)and warfarin group (n=63).Coagulation function,blood lipid levels and end-point events were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with aspirin group,after treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of total cholesterol [(5.8 ±0.5)mmol/L vs.(5.2±0.7)mmol/L],triglyceride [(2.6±0.4)mmol/L vs.(2.4±0.3)mmol/L]and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [(2.7±0.5)mmol/L vs.(2.4±0.3)mmol/L],significant rise in level of high den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.1±0.2)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.2)mmol/L],prothrombin time [(28.3±11.7)s vs. (36.9±10.4)s]and it′s international normalized ratio [(1.9±0.4)vs.(2.4±0.5)]in warfarin group,P <0.05 all.Incidence rate of endpoint events such as cerebral infarction and peripheral artery embolism etc.in warfarin group was significantly lower than that of aspirin group (3.17% vs.23.81%,P <0.01).The incidence rates of complications were 23.81% and 26.98% in warfarin group and aspirin group respectively,and they had no signifi-cant difference,P >0.05. Conclusion:For atrial fibrillation,the therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin is better than that of aspirin,is worth extending.

Objective:To establish the high performance liquid chromatography-fingerprints( HPLC-FPS)of Chaihu Shugan pills. Methods:The analysis was performed on a Zirchrom Kromasil C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(containing 0. 05%phosphoric acid)with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 294 nm and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:With baicalin as the reference substance,there were 24 common peaks in the fingerprints to establish the fingerprint common pattern. The similarity among the 16 batches of samples was calculated,and the results showed it was within the range of 0. 690-0. 993,suggesting the differences among the samples from different factories. Conclusion:The establishment of the fingerprints provides a simple and practical analysis method for more comprehensive regulation of medicinal material sources,effective quality monitoring of the products and the assurance of effective and safe clinical application.

Objective To discuss effectiveness of gracilis muscle flap for treatment of degree 3 and 4 pressure ulcers on ischial tuberosities for elderly patients.Methods From January 2010 to June 2015,19 elderly patients with pressure ulcers on the ischial tuberosities were enrolled,including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of 71.3 years ranging 62 to 86 years.The average course of disease was 9.6 months ranging 2 to 23 months,including 7 cases of degree 3 and 12 cases of degree 4 according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP).All cases were treated by gracilis musle flap after debridement.Results All muscle flaps survived without necrosis,2 cases had wound dehiscence after operation and were healed after symptomatic treatment,and the 17 wounds were healed for first intention.All patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years.Pressure ulcer on the ischial tuberosities recurred in 1 case after operation and was healed by debridement and suture.Pressure ulcers did not recur in the rest cases.Conclusions Gracilis muscle flap in the treatment of degree 3 and 4 pressure ulcers on the ischial tuberosities has remarkable curative effect and high cure rate in elderly patients,it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To study clinical outcomes of cross-leg fibula flap for difficult reconstruction of an extensive injury in the lower extremity,which included large soft-tissue defects and long infected bone and tibia defects combined with vascular injury.Methods From September 2004 to September 2008,8 cases with an extensive injury in the lower extremity,which included large soft-tissue defects and long infected bone and tibia defects with vascular injury,were retrospectively analyzed,including 6 males and 2 females with an average age of 36 years (range,19-55 years).The course of disease ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months (average,2 months).The bone defect length ranged from 8 to 20 cm (average,13 cm),and the skin defect area varied from 10 cm×7 cm to 22 cm×12 cm.After thorough debridement,cross-leg fibula flap was used to repair the tibial defect and concomitant soft tissue defect.The pedicles were divided at 4-6 weeks after the initial surgery.The important technical considerations were outlined.Results All 8 patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (average,24 months).The flaps survived in all 8 patients,and no infection and osteomyelitis happened.The flap transplantations healed at two weeks after operation with good shape.The fractures healed in all of patients with an average period of 11 months (range,6-15 months).All of patients recovered to walk without aid.According to Edwards classification of tibial fractures,4 cases were classified as good,2 as acceptable,and 2 as poor.Conclusion The cross-leg fibula flap is relatively simple,liable for the treatment of an extensive injury in the lower extremity.

Objective To analyze the influence of hyponatremia on hospitalization days and hospital mortality of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure. Methods All data were collected from 2465 patients with chronic heart failure in our hospital between January 1980 and August 2007. According to the admission serum sodium, all the patients were divided into two groups: low serum sodium group (Na+<135 mmol/L) and normal serum sodium group (Na+≥135retool/L). Clinical characteristics, therapeutic conditions and the influence of hyponatremia on prognosis were analyzed between the two groups. Results There were 618 patients in low serum sodium group among 2465 cases. Patients with hyponatremia were more likely to have lower systolic blood pressure and lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Lower admission serum sodium was related with higher concentration of serum angiotensin, aldosterone and higher activity of serum renin. Patients in low serum sodium group had significantly longer hospitalization days (Z=-4.026, P<0.01) and higher rate of hospital mortality (χ2=76.935, P<0.01) than patients in normal serum sodium group. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that lower admission serum sodium was an independent risk factor for hospitalization days (b= 0.928, P<0.01) and hospital mortality (OR=0.928, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between admission serum sodium and hospitalization days (r=-0.132, P<0.01), and the rate of hospital mortality increased by 24.7for each 3 mmol/L decrease in admission serum sodium level. Conclusions Hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure is relatively common and is associated with poorer heart function, higher activity of neural hormone and more severe prognosis. It is important to prevent hyponatremia for shortening hospitalization days and improving the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective:Explore the dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue,to explain the relation dendritic cells and tumor immunity.Methods:Adopt immune histochmistry S-P method.Results:The extent of dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue is not relate to age,gender and types of pathhistology but negative contact with degree of pathological differentiation (P