Objective To study the genetic toxicity of magnesium sulfate to the root tip cells of Vicia faba. Methods The root tip cells of Vicia faba with 1.5-2 cm root tip were taken as the subjects and were exposed to magnesium sulfate of different concentrations(0.50%-2.00%) for 6 h. In the other test,the cells were treated with 1.5% magnesium sulfate for 2,4,6,8 and 10 hours respectively. The distilled water and potassium dichromate (0.05%) were used as the negative and positive control respectively. The micronucleus and the chromosomal aberration were calculated after 24 hours of culture. Results Compared with the negative control group,0.1%,0.15%,0.175% and 0.2% of magnesium sulfate increased the micronucleus and 0.05%,0.1%,0.15%,0.175%,0.2% of magnesium sulfate increased the chromosomal aberration in Vicia faba root tip cells. Compared with the control group (0 h),both of the micronucleus and the chromosomal aberration of Vicia faba root tip cells increased (P

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI) fusion targeted biopsy(FTB) for clinically significant prostate cancer(PCa) detection by using both biopsy histopathology and radical prostatectomy histopathology as reference standards.Methods:A total of 303 consecutive patients with suspicious lesions detected by mpMBI and underwent prostate biopsy at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between November 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All the suspicious lesions were sampled by TRUS/mpMRI FTB in addition with standard 12-core systematic biopsy(SB). The clinically significant PCa detection rates by TRUS/mpMRI FTB and SB were compared by using both biopsy histopathology and radical prostatectomy histopathology as reference standards.Results:The diagnosis of PCa was histologically confirmed in 189 of 303 patients, including 178 patients with clinically significant PCa and 11 patients with clinically insignificant PCa. With biopsy histopathology as reference standard, the clinically significant PCa detection rate of TRUS/mpMRI FTB was statistically higher than SB (57.1% vs 45.9%, P<0.001). Among 189 patients with biopsy proven PCa, 80 patients underwent radical prostatectomy, and the radical prostatectomy histopathology confirmed 79 patients with clinically significant PCa.With radical prostatectomy as reference standard, the clinically significant PCa detection rate of TRUS/mpMRI FTB was statistically higher than SB (91.1% vs 74.7%, P<0.001). Conclusions:Compared with SB, MRI/US FTB can offer more accurate sampling of suspicious lesions on mpMRI, and consequently improve the clinically significant PCa detection rate.

Objective To assess transrectal contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS ) targeted biopsy (TB) for detection prostate cancer (PCa) by comparing with systematic biopsy (SB) .Methods 151 consecutive patients scheduled for prostate biopsy were enrolled in this prospective study with a mean age of 68 8.± 8 0. (47-86) and prostate specific antigen (11 5.± 6 9.)μg/L (0 3.-39 8.μg/L) .CEUS was performed by a single experienced radiologist who was blinded to all clinical data with the Sequoia 512 ultrasonography system equipped with EV8C4 endfire probe .Hypoperfusion lesions ,hyperperfusion lesions and lesions with rapid wash‐in or wash‐out were suspicious for malignant ,and these lesions were sampled with 2-4 cores in addition with 10‐core SB .Results The overall PCa detection rate was 40 4.% (61/151) .Of 61 PCa patients , 11 (18 0.% ) had positive cores in TB ,18 (23 0.% ) had positive cores in SB and 36 (59 0.% ) had positive cores in both biopsy protocols .The PCa detection rate of TB and SB was 33 1.% and 31 1.% respectively (P=0 7.12) .A total of 1 755 cores were sampled including 1 510 SB cores and 245 TB cores .The positive rate for TB was significantly higher than SB (52 2.% vs 11 5.% ,P =0.000) .Of 61 PCa patients ,18 had low‐grade cancer (Gleason score<7) and 43 had high‐grade cancer (Gleason score≥7) .The sensitivity for high‐grade PCa was 86 0.% with TB ,which was significantly higher than low‐grade cancer (55 6.% ,P =0.018) . Conclusions The PCa detection rate of CEUS‐TB was equal with SB ,whereas the positive rate by core of CEUS‐TB was significant higher than SB .Furthermore ,CEUS‐TB was more sensitive in detection of high grade prostate cancer .

Objective To review the results and complications of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through the posteromedial approach for posterior pilon fractures.Methods From March 2009 through November 2013,18 consecutive posterior pilon fractures were surgically treated through the posteromedial approach,involving 12 males and 6 females.Their ages ranged from 15 to 65 years (average,42 years).All of them were complicated with fracture of external malleolus,and 6 of them with fracture of anterior colliculus of medial malleolus.The time from injury to surgery ranged from 2 to 15 days (average,7 days).Results The patients were followed up for an average of 15 months (range,from 10 to 19 months).All the fractures healed after 11 to 16 weeks (average,13 weeks).No complications like neurovascular injury,implants failure,nonunion,or malunion occurred,except one case of superficial wound infection which responded to nonoperative management.According to the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) evaluation system,15 cases were excellent,2 cases good and one case fair.Conclusion It is safe,reliable and effective to treat posterior pilon fractures using anti-rotation plate ORIF through the posteromedial approach.

Objective To explore the effect of endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients whose estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor(PR) was preoperatively negative and turned positive after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods The clinical experimental study was carried out in 97 cases of breast cancer which were divided into endocrine treatment group and control group. The follow-up time ranged from 15 to 60 months. Results In endocrine treatment group, 3 and 5-year disease-free survival were respectively 74.5% (38/51), 60.7% (31/51), and 3 and 5-year overall survival were respectively 80%(41/51), 74. 5% (38/51). In control group, 3 and 5-year disease-free survival were respectively 54.2% (26/46), 41.7%(20/46), and 3 and 5-year overall survival were 60.9%(28/46),50%(23/46),respectively. The corresponding values were significantly higher in endocrine treatment group than in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Remedy endocrine therapy improves the disease-free and overall survival rate in breast cancer patients with the expression of ER and PR turning positive after initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genotype of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from burn wards and its current status of drug resistance.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-nine strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from wound excretion, blood, and sputum samples of patients that were admitted to ICU or public wards of our Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery from September 2012 to September 2013. Among them, 68 strains were from ICU and 111 strains from public wards. The MRSA phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus was detected with cefoxitin K-B disk diffusion method, and the isolation rates of MRSA in ICU and public wards were compared. Genotyping of SCCmec was performed by PCR in strains of MRSA. In the meantime, the identification result of MRSA by K-B method was verified through detecting methicillin-resistant determinant mecA. The antimicrobial resistance of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) to 23 kinds of commonly used antibiotics in clinic were detected by K-B disk diffusion method. Except for the antibiotics to which the resistant rates of MRSA were 100.0% or 0, the resistant rates of SCCmecIII MRSA and non-SCCmec III MRSA to the rest of antibiotics were compared. Data were processed with Pearson chi-square test or corrected chi-square test.

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-eight strains out of the 179 Staphylococcus aureus were identified as MRSA (accounting for 82.7%), among which 62 were originated from ICU and 86 from public wards. The rest 31 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were MSSA, accounting for 17.3%. The percentage of MRSA in the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was 91.2% (62/68) in ICU, which was significantly higher than that in the public wards [77.5% (86/111), χ2 = 5.526, P = 0.019]. PCR detection showed that the 148 strains of MRSA harbored the mecA gene, out of which 106 strains were SCCmec III positive, accounting for 71.6%. The percentages of SCCmec III type MRSA in MRSA isolated from ICU and public wards were respectively 72.6% (45/62) and 70.9% (61/86), showing no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.048, P = 0.826). The 148 strains of MRSA were 100.0% resistant to a total of 8 kinds of antibiotics including penicillin and cephalosporins, but it was 0 for vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Except for the 6 kinds of antibiotics to which the resistant rates of MRSA and MSSA were 0, resistant rates of MRSA to the remaining 17 kinds of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of MSSA (with χ2 values from 4.091 to 138.546, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Resistant rates of the 106 strains of SCCmecIII type MRSA to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, erythrocin, lincomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin were respectively 56.6% (60/106), 85.8% (91/106), 89.6% (95/106), 86.8% (92/106), 84.9% (90/106), 78.3% (83/106), 92.5% (98/106), 74.5% (79/106), and they were significantly higher than those of the 42 strains of non-SCCmec III type MRSA [33.3% (14/42), 61.9% (26/42), 71.4% (30/42), 66.7% (28/42), 69.0% (29/42), 57.1% (24/42), 71.4% (30/42), 52.4% (22/42), with χ2 values from 4.801 to 11.377, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSIsolation rate of MRSA from burn wards in our hospital is high, and drug resistance status of this strain against antibiotics is very serious. SCCmec III is the major genotype of the isolated MRSA, but no strains resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotics are found.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Burns ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Genes, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology

Objective:To study the expression of ULBP2 protein in the brain tissues of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy and its clinical significance.Methods:Gene-chip,immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to test expression of ULBP2 in the surgically removed brain tissue of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy from the brain bank of our department(n=42),and the results were compared with that of normal controls (n=12).Results:The relative increasing expression of ULBP2-gene in the brain of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy,and ULBP2 protein expression was significantly increased in temporal lobe cortex of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy as compared with the same regions of the controls specimens.Conclusion:The results indicate that the overexpression of ULBP2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of drug-refractory epilepsy.

Objective To study the expression of heat shock 27 000 associated protein 1 ( HSPBAP1, GenBank: AK096705) in the brain tissues of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy and discuss its function in the pathogenesis. Methods Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( FQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to test the expression of HSPBAP1 in the surgically removed brain tissues of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy from the brain bank of our department ( n = 36) , and the results were compared with that of normal controls (n = 8 ). Results The relative expression of HSPBAP1 mRNA in the brains of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy was more than 34. 11 times that of controls, and HSPBAP1 protein expression was significantly increased in temporal lobe cortex (0. 0507?0. 0003, P

Objective To compare two different methods to detect the differences of gene mutation rate, sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) so as to assess the clinical value of qRT-PCR method and its environmental-friendly technologyplatforms.One uses environmental fixative poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ (volume fraction) neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in application of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The other uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.Methods We selected 91 cases of primary NSCLC specimens resected between May 2013 and March 2016 in Zhongshan Bo`ai Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Five samples were taken from the same tumor lesion.We used a random number table to randomly divide these samples into Groups A, B , C, D, and E.Group A received direct sequencing method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.Besides, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group B received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.Meanwhile, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group C received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.At the same time, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group D received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.In the meantime, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group E received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.The mutations of Exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 in EGFR genes were respectively determined in the five groups of NSCLC.Results ① Groups B, C, D, E and A did not significantly differ in the percentage of people with mutations or target site mutation rates of EGFR genes in NSCLC (P> 0.05).② The detection results of EGFR target site mutation in Groups B, C, D, E and A had good sensitivity, strong specificity, and high compliance rate.Conclusion The green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in the application of qRT-PCR so as to detect EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC has good consistent results compared with the method that uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.It has the significance and value in clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo study clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical profile, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of childhood central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS PNETs) with the features of ependymoblastoma and neuroblastoma.

METHODSThe clinical data, morphologic and immunohistochemical features were analyzed in 4 cases of pediatric CNS PNETs with features of ependymoblastoma and neuroblastoma. EnVision method immunohistochemistry was applied.

RESULTSFour patients including three boys and one girl presented at the age from 12 month to 4 years and three tumors located in cerebrum, one in brain stem. All tumors showed typical combined histological patterns of ependymoblastoma and neuroblastoma, demonstrating zones of true rosettes, occasional pseudovascular rosettes, and undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells in a prominent background of mature neuropils. There was focal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) consistent with glial differentiation and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) consistent with ependymal differentiation. Necrosis was seen in three cases and calcification was present in one case. Immunohistochemically, the rosettes and undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells were positive for vimentin, partially positive for GFAP and EMA but negative for synaptophysin. The tumor cells were also positive for synaptophysin in neuropils. The Ki-67 label index ranged from 20% to 60%.

CONCLUSIONSCNS PNETs with the features of ependymoblastoma and neuroblastoma is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. The tumor primarily occurs in childhood, especially infant and belongs to the family of embryonal tumors of the CNS. The morphologic, immunohistochemical and genetic features are important in differential diagnosis from other tumors of the CNS.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neuroblastoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism