Musashi is a family of RNA binding proteins with a conservative evolution. This protein family is selectively ex-pressed in the nervous system and comprises two members, namely, Musashi-1 and Musashi-2. Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 are transla-tional suppressors of Numb mRNA and can synergistically regulate the Notch signaling pathway;as a result, an asymmetric division of stem cells occurs. Musashi-1 is the first member of the family and was originally isolated from Drosophila. As a candidate stem gene, Musashi-1 participates in disease progression in stem cells. Musashi-1 is also an important protein that maintains the functions of stem cells, participates in tumor-related signaling pathways, and participates in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, Musashi-1 is overexpressed in many solid tumors, such as neuroglioma, esophagus, gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers. Studies on Musashi-1 can provide new insights into genetic diagnosis and cancer treatments. In this study, the structure and function of Musashi-1 and the re-search progress of tumor mechanisms were summarized and reviewed.

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)is a commonly seen functional intestinal disorder. The association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp)infection and IBS is not clarified yet. Aims:To investigate the role of Hp eradication in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D)and the relationship between Hp infection and IBS-D. Methods:A total of 335 IBS-D patients and 335 health examination subjects were recruited from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 at Transportation Center Hospital of Yunnan Province and People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. All IBS-D patients were hospitalized patients and fulfilled the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Positive for both rapid urease test and 14 C-urea breath test was defined as Hp infection. Hp-positive IBS-D patients recruited in 2005 received Hp eradication therapy and were allocated into two groups according to the results of eradication therapy. Pinaverium bromide and montmorillonite powder were given in both groups and the clinical efficacy for IBS symptoms was assessed after treatment and followed up for 6 months. Results:The Hp infection rate of IBS-D patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (53. 7% vs. 41. 8%,P < 0. 05). In IBS-D patients received Hp eradication therapy,51 were allocated into eradicated group and 26 into non-eradicated group. No significant differences were observed in individual symptoms including abdominal pain/discomfort,bloating and stool frequency and the overall efficacy for global symptoms (68. 6% vs. 65. 4%)between the two groups (P > 0. 05). After a 6-month follow up,the differences were still insignificant (P > 0. 05). Conclusions:Hp infection is more prevalent in IBS-D patients than in general population,however,eradication of Hp has no impact on IBS symptoms. The association between Hp infection and IBS-D needs further study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regularity and characteristics of ADR cases induced by Fat emulsion injection, and to provide reference for rational use of it. METHODS: Retrieved from Chinese medical science periodicals from Jan. 1990 to Apr. 2010, 97 ADR cases induced by Fat emulsion injection were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Main clinical manifestations of ADR cases induced by Fat emulsion injection were allergy reaction, followed by fat overloading syndrome, central nervous system reaction. The majority of ADR cases broke out in the first time of medication within 2 hour. CONCLUSION: It is essential for clinical practitioners to master the characteristics of ADR cases caused by Fat emulsion injection so as to promote safety of drug use.

AIM: To observe the effect of LPS on CIAS1 gene expression and to analyze the function-structure relationship of its mutation region, the NACHT domain of cryopyrin. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CIAS1 gene in human leucocytes in the presence of LPS. The methods of molecular modeling and bioinformatics were used to observe the relationship of the structure-function of NACHT domain in human CIAS1 gene. RESULTS: LPS increased CIAS1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, the stimulation with LPS at a concentration of 100 mg/L at different time points showed the pattern of early down-regulation and later up-regulation of CIAS1 mRNA expression. The sequence analysis suggested that the motifs Walker A and Walker B, to which the ATP and Mg~ 2+ can bind, were found in the NACHT domaim of CIAS1 gene encoded product cryopyrin. The main points of the disease-associated mutation showed the close relation in sequence and structure to these motifs. The binding sites of Ca~ 2+ and polysaccharide were observed in the leucine rich repeats region of cryopyrin. CONCLUSION: Cryopyrin may act as an important regulator in inflammation. LPS induces human leukocytes to express the CIAS1 gene product.

Objective To compare the different ways of alkaline mouthwash slobber use in preventing the oral infection in patients with fever. Methods The patients who satisfied the requirements were involved and randomly divided into A, B and C group. A group did not use alkaline mouthwash; B group prescribed alkaline mouthwash slobber following the doctor's advice; C group received propaganda and demonstration of intensive use of the alkaline mouthwash, and then used the slobber in right way under the surveillance of nurses. The infection rates of oral ulcer and oral leukoplakia were compared and analyzed among the three groups. Results The incidence rates of oral ulcer and oral leukoplakia gradually decreased among the three groups and the differences had statistical significance (χ2=9.243,P=0.010;χ2=6.495,P=0.033).Compared with A group, there was no significant differences in the rates of oral ulcers and oral leukoplakia between Group A and B(OR=0.486, 95%CI:0.113-2.087;OR=0.557, 95%CI: 0.120-2.583), but the incidence rates of oral ulcers and oral leukoplakia gradually decreased(OR=0.024, 95%CI:0.002-0.293;OR=0.036, 95%CI:0.003-0.448)in C group. Conclusions Strengthening use of alkaline mouthwash slobber is more effective in preventing oral infection in patients with fever compared with the routine way of mouthwash use.

Objective:To study the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)and preterm birth.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hos-pital in Beijing from January to April in 201 3.This study contained 1 74 preterm births in the case group and 382 term deliveries in the control group.The height,pre-pregnancy body weight,body weight before delivery,gestational weeks,history of diseases,family history of diseases,and complications during pregnancy of the subjects were collected.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI)after adjustment by maternal age,education,smoke during pregnancy,primiparous,mean income,and mean family living space.Results:After analyzing the rele-vant risk factors of preterm birth,the multivariate Logistic regression showed that pre-pregnancy obesity was a risk factor for preterm birth,the adjusted odds ratio was 2.461 (95% CI:1 .1 74 -5.1 59,P =0.01 7).The associations between pre-pregnancy overweight and preterm birth or pre-pregnancy under-weight and preterm birth were not found.The gestational diabetes mellitus,pregnancy-induced hyperten-sion,and family history of preterm birth were risk factors for preterm birth,the adjusted odds ratios were 1 .781 (95% CI:1 .025 -3.095,P =0.040),3.831 (95% CI:2.044 -7.1 80,P <0.001 ),and 3.675 (95% CI:1 .358 -9.942,P =0.01 0),respectively.Conclusion:Pre-pregnancy obesity ap-peared to be a risk factor for preterm birth.To decrease the incidence of preterm birth,women should improve preconception care and keep their BMI in a normal range before pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the safety of tanshinone Ⅱ A sodium sulfonate in treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were divided into tanshinone treatment group with 84 cases (tanshinone Ⅱ A sodium sulfonate + traditional treatment) and traditional treatment group with 88 cases (traditional treatment) according to the method of treatment.The safety (including neural function defect,adverse reactions,rebleeding rate and mortality and so on) were determined before treatment,and 2,4 weeks after treatment.Results The chinese stroke scale (CSS) scores in tanshinone treatment group after treatment of 2,4 weeks were lower than those in traditional treatment group [(13.2 ± 4.3) scores vs.(17.4 ± 5.6) scores,(8.7 ± 3.5) scores vs.(12.8 ± 4.6) scores],there were significant differences (t =5.498,6.556,P ＜ 0.01).The total effective rate in tanshinone treatment group was significantly higher than that in treatment group [83.3 ％ (70/84) vs.65.9 ％ (58/88)],there was significant difference (x2 =6.854,P ＜ 0.01).After treatment with tanshinone Ⅱ A sodium sulfonate in tanshinone treatment group,5 cases of mild skin rash,3 cases of nausea,vomiting,to turn for the better after symptomatic treatment.There was not other adverse reactions in the observation period.The mortality,rebleeding rate in tanshinone treatment group were lower than those in traditional treatment group,but there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Early application of tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate treatment in acute cerebral hemorrhage has significantly efficacy,in the process of the clinical application is safe amd reliable.It is worthy of clinical popularization.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of prophylactic use of antibiotics for special diagnosis and treatment in our hos-pital,and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS:The patients receiving special diagnosis and treatment were collected from our hospital during Jan.-Aug. 2016. The prophylactic application of antibiotics was analyzed statistically. RE-SULTS:Among 149 included patients,there were 62 cases of prophylactic use of antibiotics with utilization rate of 41.61％. Among 62 patients receiving antibiotics,5 cases were given medicine orally and others were via injection. Nine categories 18 types of antibiotics were used,involving 69 times;cephalosporin were used in 49 times(71.01％),among which top 3 types in the list of use sequence were cefodizime,cefotetan and cefazolin;prophylactic use of antibiotics was not found in angiography(including coronary artery) and stent implantation. Utilization rate of antibiotics for other diagnosis and treatment was more than 50％. The prophylactic use of antibiotics was complex in ureteroscopy and cystoscopy,shock wave lithotripsy;the selection of drug types started from the high level. There were 59 cases of single drug(95.16％)and 3 cases of two-drug(4.84％). Total of 41 cases were given medicine 0.5-2 h before surgery or at the beginning of anaesthesia (66.13％). Medication time of 18 cases was ≤24 h (29.03％);that of 11 cases was >24-48 h(17.74％). CONCLUSIONS:The prophylactic use of antibiotics is relatively standard in angiography(including coronary artery),stent implantation and implantation of peritoneal dialysis tube in our hospital. There are some problems during special diagnosis and treatment,such as the indication of drug delivery is not strict;the selection of drug types starts from the high level;medication timing is not suitable;medication course is excessively long.

Objective: To study the role of auto-antibody in the diagnosis of patients with PBC. Methods: ANA, SMA and AMA in serum of 58 PBC patients were tested by indirect immune fluorescence and Western blot. Such auto-antibodies as Anti-type AMAM2,anti-SLA/LP, anti-LKM-1 and anti-LC-1 were also identified. Results: Auto-antibodies existing in patients with PBC were mainly AMA(96.5%) and AMAM2(93.1%) and the titer was beyond 1∶100. 8 cases of those patients were positive with ANA and SMA simultaneously. One case had positive AMA and SLA/LP in serum and the clinical appearances were the same as those of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ autoimmune hepatitis. 19 patients with positive AMAM2 in serum had liver-puncture and the results suggested the diagnosis of PBC in 63.7%(12/9). Conclusion: Test of auto-antibodies is clinically significant for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.

Objective To explore the prescribing patterns of outpatients receiving antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in rural Western China and to identify the correlation in terms of doctors and patients characteristics. Methods Totally 7678 prescriptions for URTIs were collected from 680 primary health village clinics of 40 counties across 10 provinces of Western China. Two outcome variables were used in the analysis: the occurrence of prescribing at least one antibiotic drug for an URTI and the occurrence of prescribing two or more antibiotics for an URTI. GEE logistic regression models were used to examine the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of the above two outcome variables. Results The percentage of prescribing at least one antibiotic for URTIs was 48.6% while the percentage of prescribing antibiotic combination (two or more antibiotics) was 4.6%. The two measurements of antibiotic utilization differed remarkably among the 10 provinces. Patients diagnosed with tonsillitis and faucitis had higher odds (OR=8.86 for tonsillitis and OR=4.64 for faucitis) of antibiotic prescription than patients with other diagnosis of URTIs. Patients with tonsillitis and faucitis also had higher odds (OR=3.82 for tonsillitis and OR=2.71 for faucitis) of multiple antibiotic prescription than those with other diagnosis of URTIs. The number of drugs per prescription and injection in prescriptions were also significant predictors of antibiotic and multiple antibiotic utilization for URTIs. Conclusion It is concluded that the percentage of antibiotic prescription for URTIs is higher in rural Western China than in most of other countries with available data and that prescriptions of antibiotics for URTIs are associated with residence regions of patients, URTI diagnosis and background information on drug prescription.