Objective To investigate the forms of water iodine in areas with excessive iodine in water of Henan Province.Methods From December 2013 to January 2014,50 water plants in 4 cities (Puyang,Xinxiang,Kaifeng and Shangqiu cities) of Henan Province were selected from the areas with excessive iodine in water where iodized salt and centralized water supply were stopped for more than 5 years.In each selected water plant,3 water samples were collected.I2-Starch Spectrophotometer was used to measure the iodine content and identify the forms of iodine in water samples.Results A total of 403 water samples were collected and ultimately 286 samples met the requirement (water iodine ≥ 80 μg/L).Among the 286 samples,iodine existed in the forms of iodide in 6 water samples,of both iodate and iodide in 139 water samples,and of iodate in 141 water samples.In water samples with iodine content lower than 150 μg/L,the proportions of forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 26.67％ (12/45) and 73.33％ (33/45),respectively.In water samples with iodine content between 150-299 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide,both iodate and iodide,and iodate,were 4.88％ (6/123),79.67％ (98/123) and 24.39％ (30/123),respectively.In water samples with iodine content higher than 300 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 18.18％ (2/11) and 81.81％ (9/11),respectively.Conclusions In areas with excessive water iodine in Henan Province,iodine mainly exists in the forms of iodate,or both iodate and iodide.No sample is found to contain periodate.

Objective To analyze the clinical therapeutic efficacy of edaravone and dexborneol in elderly patients with posterior circulation perforating arterial cerebral infarction after receiving rt-PA for arterial thrombolysis.Methods A total of 68 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital from August 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled and then ran-domly divided into thrombolytic group and combined group,with 34 cases in each group.The thrombolytic group was treated with rt-PA arterial thrombolysis,and the combined group was treated with edaravone and dexborneol on the basis of thrombolytic group.The therapeutic effica-cy,neurological function,oxidative stress reaction,inflammatory reaction,ADL,and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant differ-ence in the total effective rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).Serum levels of NSE,MMP-9,S100β,MDA,IL-6 and CRP,and the scores of mRS and NIHSS were all decreased in the two groups in 14 d after treatment than before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels of NSE,MMP-9,S100β,MDA,IL-6 and CRP,and mRS score and NIHSS score were obviously lower in the com-bined group than the thrombolytic group at the time point(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).After 90 days'treatment,the combined group obtained notably lower NIHSS score than the thrombolytic group(6.15±0.92 vs 7.48±0.83,P＜0.01).After 14 days of treatment,the level of SOD and Barthel in-dex in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the two indicators in the combined group were higher than those in the thrombolytic group(P＜0.01).No statistical difference was observed in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Concurrent administration of edaravone and dexborneol shows good clinical ef-ficacy for elderly patients with cerebral infarction with perforating artery of posterior circulation after rt-PA arterial thrombolytic therapy,and at the same time,the combination of edaravone and dextromethorphan had a better clinical effect,which can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction,improve brain tissue damage and neurological function,and promote the ability of daily living,with better safety.

BACKGROUND:Careful regulation of bone immune response during repair of bone scaffold is important for bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To review the influence of bone immune response on bone repair and the design of bone tissue engineering scaffold with regulating bone immune function and its application in bone repair. METHODS:Relevant articles published from 1973 to 2023 were retrieved from Science Direct,PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases.English search terms were"osteoimmunology,macrophages,bone repair materials,bone scaffold,bone defects,bone regeneration".Chinese search terms were"bone immunity,macrophages,bone repair material,bone stent,bone defect,bone regeneration".Totally 80 articles of the latest research progress in this field were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A detailed review was conducted on the important time points in the origin and development process of bone immunity,and it was explained that macrophages,as important members of the bone immune regulatory system,can be divided into two phenotypes:M1(pro-inflammatory)and M2(anti-inflammatory),and play a key role in different stages of bone regeneration.During the inflammatory phase,M1 type macrophages can activate osteoclasts,initiate tissue repair processes,and participate in the reconstruction of bone microvascular networks.On the other hand,during the bone tissue regeneration process in the later stages of inflammation,sustained high expression of M1 type macrophages can hinder the formation of new bones.During the repair phase,M2 macrophages can secrete osteogenic cytokines,stimulate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and promote bone formation.On the other hand,long-term activation of M2 macrophages can increase the secretion of fibrogenic molecules,leading to excessive formation of scar tissue and delaying the healing process.Therefore,regulating macrophages to undergo phenotype transformation at appropriate stages and constructing an immune microenvironment beneficial for osteogenesis has great significance for bone regeneration.(2)In the process of designing bone scaffolds with bone immune regulation characteristics,the physical and chemical properties such as scaffold roughness,pore structure,stiffness,hydrophilicity,surface charge,and surface functional groups can be changed to affect non-specific protein and cell adhesion,thereby affecting the interaction between bone scaffolds and the immune system.By designing surface functional coatings of bioactive substances such as hydroxyapatite,bioactive glass,metal ions,extracellular matrix,drugs,cytokines,and exosomes,the immune microenvironment can be actively regulated by releasing bioactive substances after implantation into the body,affecting macrophage polarization and crosstalk between macrophages and bone cells,and promoting more M2 polarization of macrophages,so as to build a bone immune microenvironment that is conducive to bone regeneration.(3)Based on the research and development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds,in addition to focusing on the direct regulatory factors of stem cell osteogenic differentiation,this article also proposes that attention should be paid to the management of the immune microenvironment of stem cell differentiation.By regulating the appropriate bone immune microenvironment,more stem cell osteogenic differentiation can be induced;the osteogenic efficiency of the scaffold can be enhanced,and the concept of"bone immune regulatory characteristics"can be condensed;deeply elucidated the multi-directional regulatory role of the bone immune microenvironment and introduced the existing strategies for changing the physicochemical properties and surface functional coating of scaffolds to endow them with bone immune regulatory potential,providing new ideas for guiding the development of a new generation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with bone immune regulatory characteristics.However,the bone immune microenvironment is a dynamic equilibrium state,and most of the existing regulatory strategies do not consider the dynamic matching of regulation.Therefore,the research and development of intelligent bone immune regulatory scaffolds with efficient and targeted regulation of the immune microenvironment will be a key focus of attention for scholars in future.

OBJECTIVETo detect rare types of thalassemia mutations among southern Chinese population.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples from 327 patients from various regions of southern China were collected. The patients were suspected as rare-type thalassemia for their inconsistency between hematological phenotypes and results of routine mutation screening. The samples were further analyzed with GAP-PCR and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSOne hundred and eight cases were diagnosed as rare types of thalassemia. Among whom 10 rare α-globin gene mutations including --THAI, HKα, αααanti3.7, αααanti4.2, -α2.8, -α27.6, CD74 GAC>CAC (Hb Q-Thailand), CD30 (-GAG), CD31 AGG>AAG and CD118 (+TCA), and 12 rare β-globin gene mutations including CD37 TGG>TAG, CD39 CAG>TAG/CD39 CAG>TAG, β II-2 (-T), -90(C>T), -31(A>C), -88(C>T), CD7(-A), CD138(+T), CD89-93 (--AGTGAGCTGCACTG), CD54-58 (-TATGGGCAACCCT), Chinese G γ +(A γδβ)0 and Vietnamese HPFH (HPFH-6) were identified. -88(C>T) (HBB: c.-138C>T) and CD39 CAG>TAG (HBB: c.118C>T) were discovered for the first time in Chinese population. CD7(-A) (HBB: c.23delA) and CD138(+T) (HBB: c.416_417insT) were new types of β-globin gene mutations.

CONCLUSIONThe present study have enriched the mutation spectrum of thalassemia in southern China, which has provided necessary information for its diagnosis.

Humans ; Mutation ; Thalassemia ; genetics ; alpha-Globins ; genetics ; beta-Globins ; genetics

Objective:To explore the suitable prostate cancer screening mode under the medical community for primary hospitals.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2022, a total of 16007 male population ≥50 years from 9 branches of the medical community of the second hospital of Yinzhou participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to age with group 1 of 50-59 years old, group 2 of 60-69 years old, group 3 of 70-79 years old, and group 4 of 80 years old and above. Serum tPSA was added to the routine physical examination, and the screening positive patients were referred to the referral hospital for further diagnosis and treatment under the mode of medical community. We proposed multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for those with serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml and suspicious lesions should be scored according to PI-RADS V2. The ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy was performed for those with PI-RADS ≥3 and those with PI-RADS < 3 but tPSA ≥10 ng/ml. The tPSA follow-up examinations were performed every 6 months for tPSA < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS < 3 points and once a year for tPSA < 4 ng/ml.Results:Among the 16 007 male population ≥50 years, 2 007(12.54%) were found serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml, and 634(31.59%)were referred to the referral hospital through the medical community system. Combining tPSA and mpMRI, 271 patients underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy. Among them, 162 were finally diagnosed with PCa, with a biopsy positive rate of 59.78%. The detection rate of PCa in all the subjects was 1.01%. According to the pathological grade, 5(3.08%) were in ISUP group 1, 95(58.64%) in ISUP group 2-3, and 62(38.27%) in ISUP group 4-5. There were 102(62.96%), 39(24.07%) and 21(12.96%) with localized, locally advanced or metastatic PCa, respectively. The levels of tPSA in the four groups were (1.13±1.44)ng/ml, (1.77±3.45)ng/ml, (3.27±17.58)ng/ml, and (4.26±11.48)ng/ml, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The positive number of biopsy in each group was 1 case(0.06%), 56 cases(0.79%), 81 cases(1.36%) and 24 cases(1.82%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The number of ISUP 4-5 grades in each group was 0, 17(30.35%), 29(35.80%), and 16(66.67%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Based on the medical community system, according to the tPSA screening results of the primary hospitals, it is feasible and effective to refer suspicious patients to the referral hospitals for mpMRI examination, and screen prostate cancer by ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate fusion biopsy.

Objective To understand the stability of iodine content in potassium iodide iodized salt and potassium iodate iodized salt during production.Methods The sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt and calcium salt brine well rock salt as raw material were used to produce potassium iodide salt and potassium iodate salt by different iodization methods of before and after fluid bed dryer and then the loss of iodine during production was measured,meanwhile iodine content of powder salt was determined.According to the "Belt Delivery Sampling of Sampling Methods of the Main Products in the Salt Industry" (GB/T 8616-2001),25 standard salt samples and 6-24 powder salt samples were collected in the same batch.The salt iodine content was determined by oxidationreduction titration and direct titration of the "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012).Results For the sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt,there was no statistical difference in iodine loss rate between potassium iodide salt and potassium iodate salt (16.55％ vs.19.60％,x2 =0.01,P ＞ 0.05) by iodization of before fluid bed dryer.The iodine loss rate of potassium iodide salt was 2.17％ and the iodine loss of potassium iodate salt was undetectable and there was no statistical difference between the two (x2 =2.19,P ＞ 0.05)by iodization of after fluid bed dryer.For calcium salt brine well rock salt,the iodine loss rate of potassium iodide was less than that of potassium iodate (20.60％ vs.39.75％,x2 =8.70,P ＜ 0.05) by iodization of before fluid bed dryer and neither of them was lost by iodization of after fluid bed dryer.Conclusions For both sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt and calcium salt brine well rock salt,the iodine loss of iodide iodized salt is not higher than that of potassium iodate during iodization of before or after fluid bed dryer.Since the iodine loss during iodization of before fluid bed dryer is significantly higher than that after fluid bed dryer,adopting iodization of after fluid bed dryer to produce iodized salt should be recommended.