Objective To investigate the forms of water iodine in areas with excessive iodine in water of Henan Province.Methods From December 2013 to January 2014,50 water plants in 4 cities (Puyang,Xinxiang,Kaifeng and Shangqiu cities) of Henan Province were selected from the areas with excessive iodine in water where iodized salt and centralized water supply were stopped for more than 5 years.In each selected water plant,3 water samples were collected.I2-Starch Spectrophotometer was used to measure the iodine content and identify the forms of iodine in water samples.Results A total of 403 water samples were collected and ultimately 286 samples met the requirement (water iodine ≥ 80 μg/L).Among the 286 samples,iodine existed in the forms of iodide in 6 water samples,of both iodate and iodide in 139 water samples,and of iodate in 141 water samples.In water samples with iodine content lower than 150 μg/L,the proportions of forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 26.67％ (12/45) and 73.33％ (33/45),respectively.In water samples with iodine content between 150-299 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide,both iodate and iodide,and iodate,were 4.88％ (6/123),79.67％ (98/123) and 24.39％ (30/123),respectively.In water samples with iodine content higher than 300 μg/L,the proportions of the forms of iodide and both iodate and iodide,were 18.18％ (2/11) and 81.81％ (9/11),respectively.Conclusions In areas with excessive water iodine in Henan Province,iodine mainly exists in the forms of iodate,or both iodate and iodide.No sample is found to contain periodate.

BACKGROUND:Careful regulation of bone immune response during repair of bone scaffold is important for bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To review the influence of bone immune response on bone repair and the design of bone tissue engineering scaffold with regulating bone immune function and its application in bone repair. METHODS:Relevant articles published from 1973 to 2023 were retrieved from Science Direct,PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases.English search terms were"osteoimmunology,macrophages,bone repair materials,bone scaffold,bone defects,bone regeneration".Chinese search terms were"bone immunity,macrophages,bone repair material,bone stent,bone defect,bone regeneration".Totally 80 articles of the latest research progress in this field were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A detailed review was conducted on the important time points in the origin and development process of bone immunity,and it was explained that macrophages,as important members of the bone immune regulatory system,can be divided into two phenotypes:M1(pro-inflammatory)and M2(anti-inflammatory),and play a key role in different stages of bone regeneration.During the inflammatory phase,M1 type macrophages can activate osteoclasts,initiate tissue repair processes,and participate in the reconstruction of bone microvascular networks.On the other hand,during the bone tissue regeneration process in the later stages of inflammation,sustained high expression of M1 type macrophages can hinder the formation of new bones.During the repair phase,M2 macrophages can secrete osteogenic cytokines,stimulate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and promote bone formation.On the other hand,long-term activation of M2 macrophages can increase the secretion of fibrogenic molecules,leading to excessive formation of scar tissue and delaying the healing process.Therefore,regulating macrophages to undergo phenotype transformation at appropriate stages and constructing an immune microenvironment beneficial for osteogenesis has great significance for bone regeneration.(2)In the process of designing bone scaffolds with bone immune regulation characteristics,the physical and chemical properties such as scaffold roughness,pore structure,stiffness,hydrophilicity,surface charge,and surface functional groups can be changed to affect non-specific protein and cell adhesion,thereby affecting the interaction between bone scaffolds and the immune system.By designing surface functional coatings of bioactive substances such as hydroxyapatite,bioactive glass,metal ions,extracellular matrix,drugs,cytokines,and exosomes,the immune microenvironment can be actively regulated by releasing bioactive substances after implantation into the body,affecting macrophage polarization and crosstalk between macrophages and bone cells,and promoting more M2 polarization of macrophages,so as to build a bone immune microenvironment that is conducive to bone regeneration.(3)Based on the research and development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds,in addition to focusing on the direct regulatory factors of stem cell osteogenic differentiation,this article also proposes that attention should be paid to the management of the immune microenvironment of stem cell differentiation.By regulating the appropriate bone immune microenvironment,more stem cell osteogenic differentiation can be induced;the osteogenic efficiency of the scaffold can be enhanced,and the concept of"bone immune regulatory characteristics"can be condensed;deeply elucidated the multi-directional regulatory role of the bone immune microenvironment and introduced the existing strategies for changing the physicochemical properties and surface functional coating of scaffolds to endow them with bone immune regulatory potential,providing new ideas for guiding the development of a new generation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with bone immune regulatory characteristics.However,the bone immune microenvironment is a dynamic equilibrium state,and most of the existing regulatory strategies do not consider the dynamic matching of regulation.Therefore,the research and development of intelligent bone immune regulatory scaffolds with efficient and targeted regulation of the immune microenvironment will be a key focus of attention for scholars in future.

OBJECTIVETo detect rare types of thalassemia mutations among southern Chinese population.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples from 327 patients from various regions of southern China were collected. The patients were suspected as rare-type thalassemia for their inconsistency between hematological phenotypes and results of routine mutation screening. The samples were further analyzed with GAP-PCR and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSOne hundred and eight cases were diagnosed as rare types of thalassemia. Among whom 10 rare α-globin gene mutations including --THAI, HKα, αααanti3.7, αααanti4.2, -α2.8, -α27.6, CD74 GAC>CAC (Hb Q-Thailand), CD30 (-GAG), CD31 AGG>AAG and CD118 (+TCA), and 12 rare β-globin gene mutations including CD37 TGG>TAG, CD39 CAG>TAG/CD39 CAG>TAG, β II-2 (-T), -90(C>T), -31(A>C), -88(C>T), CD7(-A), CD138(+T), CD89-93 (--AGTGAGCTGCACTG), CD54-58 (-TATGGGCAACCCT), Chinese G γ +(A γδβ)0 and Vietnamese HPFH (HPFH-6) were identified. -88(C>T) (HBB: c.-138C>T) and CD39 CAG>TAG (HBB: c.118C>T) were discovered for the first time in Chinese population. CD7(-A) (HBB: c.23delA) and CD138(+T) (HBB: c.416_417insT) were new types of β-globin gene mutations.

CONCLUSIONThe present study have enriched the mutation spectrum of thalassemia in southern China, which has provided necessary information for its diagnosis.

Humans ; Mutation ; Thalassemia ; genetics ; alpha-Globins ; genetics ; beta-Globins ; genetics

Objective To understand the stability of iodine content in potassium iodide iodized salt and potassium iodate iodized salt during production.Methods The sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt and calcium salt brine well rock salt as raw material were used to produce potassium iodide salt and potassium iodate salt by different iodization methods of before and after fluid bed dryer and then the loss of iodine during production was measured,meanwhile iodine content of powder salt was determined.According to the "Belt Delivery Sampling of Sampling Methods of the Main Products in the Salt Industry" (GB/T 8616-2001),25 standard salt samples and 6-24 powder salt samples were collected in the same batch.The salt iodine content was determined by oxidationreduction titration and direct titration of the "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012).Results For the sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt,there was no statistical difference in iodine loss rate between potassium iodide salt and potassium iodate salt (16.55％ vs.19.60％,x2 =0.01,P ＞ 0.05) by iodization of before fluid bed dryer.The iodine loss rate of potassium iodide salt was 2.17％ and the iodine loss of potassium iodate salt was undetectable and there was no statistical difference between the two (x2 =2.19,P ＞ 0.05)by iodization of after fluid bed dryer.For calcium salt brine well rock salt,the iodine loss rate of potassium iodide was less than that of potassium iodate (20.60％ vs.39.75％,x2 =8.70,P ＜ 0.05) by iodization of before fluid bed dryer and neither of them was lost by iodization of after fluid bed dryer.Conclusions For both sodium sulfate type brine well rock salt and calcium salt brine well rock salt,the iodine loss of iodide iodized salt is not higher than that of potassium iodate during iodization of before or after fluid bed dryer.Since the iodine loss during iodization of before fluid bed dryer is significantly higher than that after fluid bed dryer,adopting iodization of after fluid bed dryer to produce iodized salt should be recommended.