Objective To know the indication for patients with spinal cord injury during the course of intermittent urethral catheterization.Methods Divided 33 patients with spinal cord injury into the experimental group(18 cases)and control group(15 cases)randomly.The indication of beginning in the experiment group was less than 500 ml transfusion per day,without press ulcer,more than 150 ml bladder capacity.The indication in the control group was＞28 cm H2O pressure of bladder.Compared the effects between the two groups.Results The incidence rate of infection in the experiment group was lower than control group,all the indexes of uretharal catheterization were better in the experiment group than those of in the control group.Conclusions The indication of less than 500ml transfusion per day,without press ulcer,more than 150 ml bladder capacity are proper.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence of syphilis and risk factors on pregnant women in Fujian province.

METHODSFrom July 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2006, epidemiologic methods as questionnaires to fill in and rapid plasma reagent testing (RPR) were performed. Pregnant women with positive RPR test and then were confirmed by treponema pallidum test (TP). Intervention was provided to the pregnant women who were followed up to the postpartum periods. Results were compared during the peri-neonatal stage between syphilis-infected and non-infected women. Factors which were relative to syphilis infection were analyzed by simple and then further logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThere were 38 418 pregnant women under study, of whom 772 were confirmed including 60 who were still pregnant. The prevalence of syphilis during pregnancy was 1.85% (712/38 418), with mostly underlying syphilis which played an important role during the neonatal stage. Main risk factors to have been found as: women's occupation, cultural background, place of living, husband's occupation, family income, having sexually transmitted disease(STD) infection. The prognosis of peri-neonatal stage was worse if the mother was having blood RPR test positive. Mortality of peri-neonatal, preterm birth rate and low-birth weight rate were found also higher among mothers when RPR was positive (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of syphilis in Fujian province was going up yearly. 8 factors including women's occupation, cultural background, place of living, received poor health education, having multiple sexual partners, husband's occupation, family income and having STD were main risk factors in the province, the mother's status of syphilis infection would strongly relate to the peri-neonatal stage of pregnancy.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; Syphilis Serodiagnosis ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the maternal-fetal transmission patterns and interventional methods of syphilis during pregnancy.Methods A total of 847 cases of syphilis in pregnancy confirmed by rapid plasma reagin test(RPR)and treponema pallidum hemoagglutination test(TPHA)were treated with procaine benzylpenieillin intramuscular injection,and with erythrocin oral medication if hypersensitive to benzylpenicillin.Eight hundred forty seven cases of syphilis during pregnancy were followed up for pregnancy outcomes.And their newborn babies were tested using the RPR.The newborns with positive results were given intervention and followed up until 24 months after birth.Results(1)A total of 733 cases among the total 847 have given birth to living-babies,in which 626 cases were tested using RPR,and the positive rate was 55.1%(345/626).(2)The RPR positive rate,neonatal mortality,preterm birth rate and low birth rate in the newborn of mothers with an RPR titer higher than or at 1:8 were higher than those of mothers with an RPR titer lower than 1:8(P

OBJECTIVETo study whether N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cell line EBC-1 cells and its molecular mechanism.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and different times of culture were used to treat EBC-1 cells in vitro. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by BrdU-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA. Phosphorylated p38MAPK and STAT3 were examined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of bcl-2, bax, p53, Fas, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSZGDHu-1 inhibited EBC-1 cell proliferation within a certain range of treating times and does, with a 24 h IC(50) of (295 ± 25) ng/ml, 48 h of (112 ± 8) ng/ml and 72 h of (23 ± 2) ng/ml. The EBC-1 cell apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI labeling and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA in a dose-related manner. When EBC-1 cells were treated with 50, 200, and 500 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for 48 h, the expression rates of phosphor-p38MAPK protein were 67.4%, 88.2%, 91.1%, respectively, and that of the control was 10.6%. That of STAT3 protein were 56.5%, 43.6% and 34.6%, respectively, and that of the control was 89.1%. The expression of bax, p53 and Fas protein was significantly increased, that of bcl-2 was not changed, and that of caspase-3 was significantly decreased by the ZGDHu-1 treatment.

CONCLUSIONZGDHu-1 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in EBC-1 cells. The mitochondrial pathway mediated by Fas may be one of its mechanisms. The apoptosis of EBC-1 cells may associate with up-regulation of phosphor-p38MAPK and down-regulation of phosphor-STAT3 in the cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

To study the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) -induced apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cell line, the different concentrations of SNP and different time of culture were used to treat K562 cell. At the same time, potassium ferricyamide (PFC) was used as control, blank was designed in experiment. Cell apoptosis was analysed by cell morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content, and annexin-V/PI labeling method. The TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to quantify in situ cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) were labeled by dihydrorhodamin 123, 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and rhodamin 123/PI. bcl-2, bax, bad, p53 gene proteins and mitochondrial membrane protein were analysed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the K562 cell apoptosis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragment, sub-G(1) phase, TUNEL and annexin-V/PI labeling. A majority of K562 cells were arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase. During the process of SNP-induced apoptosis in K562 cell, the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in cells was significantly higher than those in blank and PFC control, while the DeltaPsim reduced. The expression of p53, bax, bad, Fas protein and mitochondrial membrane protein increased and bcl-2 protein decreased after SNP treatment. It is concluded that SNP induces K562 cell apoptosis through increasing ROS in cells, expressing the p53, bax, bad, Fas protein and mitochondrial membrane protein and decreasing bcl-2 protein, opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reducing DeltaPsim. Furthermore, the Fas was activated during the apoptosis process.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; K562 Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; pharmacology ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of reactive oxygen species and antioxidative capacity on nitric oxide induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. By means of in vitro incubation of HL-60 cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed by transmission electronmicroscopy and light microscopy. The apoptosis was analyzed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content and Annexin-V/PI labeling method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) labeled with dihydrorhodamin 123 in cells was determinated by flow cytometry. The SNP-treated cells were examined for glutathione (GSH) level and activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The results indicated that SNP could inhibit HL-60 cell growth. Cell apoposis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragment, sub-G(1) phase and Annexin-V/PI labeling method. HL-60 cell apoptosis was induced by SNP in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. After exposing to SNP at the concentration of 0.5 - 3.0 mmol/L for 48 hours, the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in cells was significantly higher than those in groups control and potassium ferricyanide (PFC). During the apoptosis process, level of ROS in cells increased, levels of GSH, CAT, GPTand GPX decreased. The significant dose-effect relationship existed between the levels of ROS, CAT, GST, GPX and SNP dose. It is concluded that change of intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidative capacity are an important factors during the process of SNP-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cell.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; pharmacology ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDTo clarify the difference and significance of T-lymphocyte subsets in differential diagnosis between severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS) and common atypical pneumonia.

METHODSTotally 100 patients hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital since March to June 2003 with clinical diagnosis of SARS were involved in this study. These patients courses of disease were over 3 weeks. These patients were divided into two groups, SARS group and common atypical pneumonia group (non-SARS group). The counts of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte of two groups were systematically recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSSixty-five of the patients were confirmed to have common type of SARS, including 26 males and 39 females, 50 cases received methylprednisolone treatment. Thirty-five cases had common atypical pneumonia (non-SARS), 21 were males while 14 were females, 20 cases received methylprednisolone treatment. All the cases of two groups were cured in the end. The SARS patients T-lymphocyte counts decreased first and then increased. Before 15 days of disease course, mean CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts of SARS patients were decreased apparently (694+/-568/microl, 441+/-356/microl, 309+/-462/microl). After 15th day of disease course, the counts gradually returned to normal CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts of non-SARS patients were normal. Compared with patients of the same group who were not treated with glucocorticoids, T-lymphocyte counts of non-SARS patients treated with glucocorticoids had no obvious difference. But glucocorticoids had some effect on SARS patients recovery of cellular immune function, i.e., it delayed the recovery by about 6 days.

CONCLUSIONWith or without treatment with glucocorticoids,the lowered CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts in the early stage are of very important significance in differential diagnosis between severe acute respiratory syndrome and common atypical pneumonia.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of ZGDHu-1 on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in SHI-1 human leukemia cell line and explore its possible mechanism. Methods SHI-1 cells were cultured with different concentration of ZGDHu-1 and for different time. The cell proliferation was analysed by cell counting, alive cell count, MTT assay and Brdu-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was analysed by morphology, DNA content, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 labeling method. Cell differentiation were assayed by morphology,expression of CD11b,CD14 and CD64 and NBT reduction. The expressions of phosphorylated p38MAPK or STAT3 were analysed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSZGDHu-1 inhibited SHI-1 cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner, the IC50- 48 h and IC50- 72 h were 250 ng/ml and 85 ng/ml, respectively. The majority of SHI-1 cells were arrested in G2/M phase. 48h after treated with 200 ng/ml ZGDHu-1, and those in G2/M phase accounted for (48.4 +/- 2.1)%. The SHI-1 cells apoptosis was increased with a time- and does-dependent manner. The morphology of SHI-1 cells cultured with 2-50 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for three days become more mature with higher NBT positivity and up-regulated expressions of CD11b,CD14 and CD64. The expression of phosphor-p38MAPK was increased and phosphor-STAT3 down-regulated by the treatment of ZGDHu-1.

CONCLUSIONZGDHu-1 can inhibit SHI-1 cell proliferation and induce the cell differentiation and apoptosis. The mechanism may associate with its up-regulation of phosphor-p38MAPK and down-regulation phosphor-STAT3.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Formamides ; pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; biosynthesis

Objective To explore the role of maternal physiology, mentality and prenatal health care on low birth weight (LBW). Methods A LBW-small for gestation age (SGA)-control group retrospective study was conducted based upon a population of infants born from November 2004 to June 2006. 896 cases involved in this study were entirely under voluntary participation and subject could withdraw their consent at any point. All subject recruitment and enrollment took place at Fujian Provincial Maternal and Children Hospital at the time of delivery. Using χ2 test for single factor analysis and logistic regression for multiple analyses Results There were 15 out of 22 single factors having statistical significances, including 2 maternal psychological, 4 physiological, 6 pathological and 3 prenatal health care factors respectively. When multi-factorial stepwise regression analyses was performed, there were 9 factors for main relative factors of LBW ,including women's height, number of prenatal examination, in-normal non-stress test, umbilical cord around the neck, retardation of the umbilical blood flow, week of gestation when the first examination was performed, premature rupture of membrane, preference on the sex of the infant, abnormal family history etc.were influencing the existence of LBW. Awareness on health information appeared to be a protective factor,suggesting that LBW could be prevented during the pregnant period. Conclusion Multiple factors seemed to be contributing to the incidence of low birth weight.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence and principal rules of women with syphilis during pregnancy and to develop relative methods to prevent maternal-fetal transmission.

METHODSA nested case control study on epidemiologic research was used based on review and preview methods on prevention and cure. Targeting pregnant women with syphilis diagnosed during premarital or pregnancy stages and were identified through rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) but confirmed by treponema pallidum test (TP),a total number of 339 women receiving treatment, intervention and being followed throughout the pregnant and neonatal periods.

RESULTSThe prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy was 2.33%, and the positive rate in neonatal cord blood was closely associated with the opportunity of getting maternal treatment. The lowest RPR positive rate was among these women who got pregnant after receiving the treatment. The RPR positive rate of neonatal cord blood was positively relative to the mother's RPR titer. The higher was the mother's blood RPR titer, the worse the prenatal prognosis would turn to.

CONCLUSIONMother's blood RPR titer and the opportunity of getting treatment were strongly associated with the positive rate in neonatal cord blood. Pregnancy after receiving the treatment was a powerful measure to prevent the maternal-fetal transmission of syphilis.

Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; drug therapy ; Syphilis ; drug therapy ; Syphilis, Congenital ; prevention & control