Vitamin D is classic metabolism regulator of the calcium and phosphorus. Type 2 diabetes is main charac-terized by insulin resistance and beta cell function impairment, which causes insulin secretion defects and synthesis ab-normality. In recent years, studies found close relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes; Many basic re-searches and animal experiments show that vitamin D can improve insulin resistance, protect islet beta cells and have immune regulation effects in the development of type 2 diabetes Diseases. Vitamin D can regulate and control islet function by inhibiting islet beta cell apoptosis, promoting the secretion of pancreatic beta cells and weakening the se-cretion of islet alpha cell. This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the correlation between vitamin D and islets function.

Purpose To investigate the prognostic value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Materials and Methods Sixty-two newly diagnosed patients with MM confirmed by pathology during January 2010 and December 2016 were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into five groups according to the infiltrative patterns on MRI:normal pattern,micro-nodular pattern,macronodular pattern,mixed pattern and diffuse pattern,and their overall survival were compared.Results Of all the patients,micro-nodular infiltrative pattern was found in 20 patients,macro-nodular pattern in 13 patients,mixed pattern in 7 patients and diffuse pattern in 17 patients,while 5 patients were normal.During the follow-up for a median of 39 months (ranged 30.9-47.1 months),overall survival with the mixed MM infiltrative pattern (median 17 months,95％ CI 12.6-21.3 months) was statistically shorter than those with other patterns (median 43 months,95％ CI 33.7-52.3 months;P＜0.05).Additionally,the clinical DurieSalmon (DS) and International Staging System (ISS) were applied to evaluate the stage of MM patients.DS system showed that 6 patients were at stage I,another 6 patients were at stage Ⅱ and the other 50 patients were at stage Ⅲ.While based on ISS system,15 patients were found at stage Ⅰ,22 patients were at stage Ⅱ and the rest 25 patients were at stage Ⅲ.Meanwhile,the correlation between the WB-MRI infiltrative pattems and DS system as well as ISS system had no significant correlation (P＞0.05).Conclusion Different infiltrative patterns in WB-MRI can predict the prognosis in patients with MM at the time of diagnosis.

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released the "2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension" on August 30, 2024. This guideline updates the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension." One notable update is the introduction of the concept of "elevated blood pressure" (120-139/70-89 mm Hg). Additionally, a new systolic blood pressure target range of 120-129 mm Hg has been proposed for most patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. The guideline also includes numerous additions or revisions in areas such as non-pharmacological interventions and device-based treatments for hypertension. This article interprets the guideline's recommendations on definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment, diagnosing hypertension and investigating underlying causes, preventing and treating elevated blood pressure and hypertension. We provide a comparison interpretation with the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension" and the "2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults."