To observe the effect of intaspinal implantation of Schwann cells (SC) genetically modified with microgene pSVPoMcat on spinal cord injury (SCI) repair.120 SD rats were used to establish the hemisected spinal cord injury model at T 8 level,and they were divided randomly into three groups: genetically modified SC implantation group (group A),normal SC implantation group (group B) and control group without cell implantation (group C).One week after the operation ,combined behavioral score(CBS) and the cortical somatasensory evoked potential (GFAP) were measured and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was examined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.Three months after the operation, all the rats were scanned with MRI and then were sacrificed.Neurofilament (NF) was examined with imunohistocytochemistry staining by using NF monoclonal antibody. Following were the results:(1) In group A,the number of cells expressed GFAP in injured sites was less than that in groups B and C.(2) MRI scanning showed that the SCI region almost recovered in group A but did not recover in group B.There was a malacie focus in SCI region in group C.This was corroborated by the NF staining.(3) The amplitudes of potential in the latent period in group A and B showed a tendency to recover,and it was consistent with CBS.The results suggested that the implantation of genetically modified SC with microgene pSVPoMcat could inhibit GFAP expression and promote the functional recovery of spinal cord injury in rats.

The paper briefly introduced the outpatient and inpatient medical services and medical insurance system in Germany.It also covered the regulatory model and its structure and role of the German medical service,which are characterized ofSociety-led self-governance.Based on the observation and inspiration of this model,the authors came up with.recommendations to improve China' s medical service,medical insurance and regulatory model.

Objective To study the protective effects of the intracord transplantation of microgene pSVPoMcat－ genetically－ modified Schwann cells (MSCs)on spinal cord injury (SCI).Method Rats with semi－ division(SD) of the spinal cord was divided into 4 groups.Group S consisted of the rats with SD treated with the transplantation of MSCs, Group B of the rats with SD treated with the transplantation of SCs without genetic modification,Group C of the rats with SD without treatment and Group D was the normal control. 8 hours after operation,the half of the rats of each group were killed and the injured segment of the spinal cord was resected to be examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Another half of the rats of all the groups were examined with neurological function tests to have a combined behavioral score (CBS).Result There was a significant increase of water content and Na＋ and Ca2＋ ions and a decrease of K＋ and Mg 2＋ ions in the injured cord segment of Group C and a statistically significant recovery was observed in Group A. The intracord transplantation of pSVPoMcat genetically modidied SCs improved the neurological outcome of spinal cord injury.Conclusion Our findings indicate that intracord transplantation of pSVPoMcat－ genetically－ modified－ Schwanncells exerts protective effects on the injured segment of the spinal cord through the improvement of the internal ion environment of the spinal cord.

Objective In order to observe the role of genetically modified Schwann cell (SC) with pSVPoMcat in the regeneration of injured spinal cord.Method The cells were implanted into the spinal cord.Ninety SD rats were used to establish a model of hemi- transection of spinal cord at the level of T8,and were divided into three groups,randomly, that is,pSVPoMcat modified SC implantation(Group A), SC implantation(Group B),and without cell implantation as control(Group C).After three months the presence of axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord was examined by means of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)retrograde labeling technique and stereography.Result The results indicated that HRP labeled cells in Group A and B could be found in the superior region of injured spinal cord and the brain stem such as the red nuclei and oculomotor nuclei. The density of ventral horn neurons of the spinal cord and the number of myelinated axons in 100 μ m of the white matter was A >B >C group.Conclusion In brief,the pSVPoMcat modified SC intraspinal implantation could promote regeneration of the injured spinal cord.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of episodic hypoxia(EHYP) on liver CYP3A2 and CYP2E1. METHODS: Healthy masculinity rats were divided randomly into five groups: control group, 3 -day EHYP group, 7 -day EHYP group, 14 -day EHYP group, and 28 -day EHYP group. 24 h after the management of EHYP, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, and the eyeball blood 2ml was drawn to prepare serum. The activities of ALT and AST in the serum were determined by enzymatic methods. The activities of liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase(ERD) and aniline hydroxylase(ANH) were detected by spectrophotography. The levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 were assayed with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The serum activities of ALT,AST showed no remarkable change. However, after 7 days of hypoxia, ERD and ANH activities were remarkably elevated, and at 28 days induction rates reached up to155.5% and 42.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 also increased by 220.5% and 102.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chronic EHYP can remarkably increase the activities of ERD and ANH, whose mechanism is probably related to up-regulating of CYP3A2 and CYP2E1 expression at the transcriptive level.

Objective To study the construction of tissue engineering fat filler and the survival of fat particles.Methods Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was derived from inguinal subcutaneous fat of rabbits,mixed with autologus mature fat particles and with or without neuropeptide Y to construct PLGA composite tissue.The complex was subcutaneously transplantef into back sites of the rabbits.Based on the different combination five groups were divided:Group A:PLGA + mature fat particles without NPY;Group B:PLGA + mature fat particles + NPY;Group C:PLGA + complex of SVF with mature fat particles without NPY;Group D:PLGA + complex of SVF with mature fat particles + NPY;Group E:Complex of SVF with mature fat particles + small ball with NPY.Diffenrence of virous constructive ways and fat particle survival was evaluated by general observation,histological staining,fluorescence tracing at two weeks,one month and three month after operation.Results Group D was superior to groups A,B,C and E in survival volume,graft texture and vascularization at one mouth and three mouths.The fat average srvival rate was 57.5±2.5％.Fat cell grew well,and precursor cells proliferated and differentiated actively.Conclusions High quality tissue engineering materials are successfully established with SVF-mature fat particle complex,PLGA and NPY,which could obviously improve fat particle transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effect of β-lactam antibiotics on the false positive rate of the serum Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) assay in patients with lung diseases.Methods We selectively recruited 77 lung disease patients who did not meet the diagnostic criteria of invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) and received different β-lactam antibiotics,while 41 patients without IPA who did not receive any antibiotic treatment were recruited as the control group.Serum samples for GM detection were collected from all participants.The rate of false-positive Aspergillus galactomannan was compared between the two groups.Results False-positive serum results were found in patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam (30.8％ or 8/26) and cefoperazone sulbactamand (27.8％ or 5/18).The rate of false-positive Aspergillus galactomannan in patients who receive β-lactam antibiotics were significantly higher than that in the control group (24.7％ or 19/77vs.7.3％ or 3/41,x2 =5.315,P=0.025).Taking false-positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan as the dependent variable and β-lactam antibiotic treatment as the independent variable,univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of false-positive Aspergillus galactomannan in patients who received β-lactam antibiotics were 4.149 times more than that in the control group (OR=4.149,P=0.030).Conclusions The administration of β-lactam antibiotics may increase the occurrence of false-positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan,and physicians should be aware of this possible interference.

Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

As one type of primary brain injury, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has specific traumatic mechanisms. The occurence of DAI is close to the loading property, loading manner, structural characteristics of skull, brain tissue and neck. This article demonstrated how the stress and strain varied in brain tissue effected by the load magnitude, load waveform, load frequency, load duration, linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, compounded linear/rotational acceleration, brain tissue, cerebral falx, cerebellar tentorium, skull and neck, and what are the relationships between these factors and the event of DAI.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain ; physiology ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Neck ; physiology ; Skull ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To compare the enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on contrast-enhanced sonography(CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT). Methods Thirty-two hilar cholangiocarcinoma lesions in 32 patients were evaluated by CEUS and CECT. CEUS was performed with contrast agent of SonoVue and low mechanical index contrast specific mode. CECT was performed with contrast media of Ultravist and a standard biphasic helical CT scanning protocol. Results In arterial phase of CEUS and CECT,the numbers of the lesions showing hyper-enhancement were 14 (43.8 % ) and 12 (37.5 % ), iso-enhancement were 14 (43.8%) and 9(28. 1%),hypo-enhancement were 4(12.5%) and 11(34.4%),respectively (P = 0. 162).Three lesions (9.4%) showed periphery rim-like hyper-enhancement and 29 (90.6%) showed diffuse homogeneous or heterogeneous enhanced of the whole tumor on CEUS, whereas for CECT the number were 2 (6. 3%) and 30 (93. 8%) respectively ( P = 1. 000). In portal phase, the numbers of the lesions showing hypo-enhancement on CEUS and CECT were 30 (93.8 % ) and 23 ( 71.90% ), iso-enhancement were 1 ( 3.1 % ) and 8 ( 25.0 % ), hyper-enhancement were 1(3. 1%) and 1 (3. 1%), respectively ( P = 0. 046). The portal vein invasion was correctly detected in 16 ( 84. 2 % ), 17 (89. 5 % ), 15 (78.9 % ) lesions with baseline ultrasound, CEUS and CECT, respectively. CEUS and CECT correctly diagnosed 30(93.8% ) and 25 (78. 1% ) lesions prior to operation (P = 0. 125). Conclusions The enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on CEUS was similar with that on CECT in arterial phase, whereas in portal phase hilar cholangiocarcinoma was prone to show hypo-enhancement on CEUS. CEUS and CECT has similar diagnostie efficacy prior to operation.