Objective To investigate the expressions of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) proteins in gastric cancer tissues, and to explore the correlation between expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 proteins and the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Methods A total of 93 gastric cancer paraffin tissues and the corresponding adjacent gastric normal mucosa in the Department of Pathology in Baotou Cancer Hospital from September 2008 to June 2010 were collected. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 proteins in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues. The differences of the expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 proteins in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues were compared by usingχ2 test. The relationship between the expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 proteins and the clinicopathological features was also analyzed. Results In gastric cancer tissues, LATS1 was negatively expressed in 54 cases (58.1％), weakly positive expressed in 15 cases (16.1％), moderately positive expressed in 16 cases (17.2％), and strongly positive expressed in 8 cases (8.6％);in adjacent normal tissues, LATS1 was negatively expressed in 17 cases (18.3％), weakly positive expressed in 16 cases (17.2％), moderately positive expressed in 31 cases (33.3％), and strongly positive expressed in 29 cases (31.2％). The positive expression rate of LATS1 in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=37.460, P<0.01). In gastric cancer tissues, LATS2 was negatively expressed in 28 cases (30.1％), weakly positive expressed in 17 cases (18.3％), moderately positive expressed in 33 cases (35.5％), strongly positive expressed in 15 cases (16.1％);in adjacent normal tissues, LATS2 was negatively expressed in 5 cases (5.4％), weakly positive expressed in 7 cases (7.5％), moderately positive expressed in 32 cases (34.4％), strongly positive expressed in 49 cases (52.7％). The positive expression rate of LATS2 in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=38.275, P<0.01). The expressions of LATS1 and LATS2 were not related to patients'age, gender, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation and tumor diameter (all P>0.05). Conclusion LATS1 and LATS2 proteins may be involved in the occurrence of gastric cancer and have the inhibiting effect on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the dynamic variation trend of bronchial wall thickness (BWT) in severely burned patients combined with inhalation injury, and to determine the value of BWT to prognosis of patients. Methods: Forty-three severely burned patients with inhalation injury hospitalized in Intensive Burn Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University (Tianjin No.4 Hospital) from July to November 2016, conforming to the study criteria, were divided into survival group (n=27) and death group (n=16) according to the prognosis of patients within 14 days after admission. All patients underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and inhalation injury rating based on abbreviated injury scale at admission. High resolution CT examination was performed in patients of two groups at admission and 24 h post admission, 3, 7, and 14 d post admission to measure the BWT of right superior lobar bronchus trunk opening. Receiver operating characteristic curves of rating of inhalation damage at admission and BWT at admission were drawn to evaluate the predictive value for death of 43 patients. Data were processed with chi-square test, independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement and least-significant difference-t test. Results: (1) The numbers of patients rated as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 grade for inhalation injury in survival group and death group were 0, 19, 6, 2, and 0, and 0, 2, 7, 7, and 0, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (Z=-3.79, P<0.01). (2) BWT of patients in death group at admission and 24 h post admission, 3, 7, and 14 d post admission was respectively (2.72±0.26), (3.18±0.22), (2.98±0.18), (2.29±0.17), and (1.45±0.21) mm, which was significantly larger than (2.24±0.15), (2.49±0.15), (1.51±0.17), (1.04±0.16), and (1.01±0.13) mm in survival group (t=7.55, 12.14, 27.11, 19.99, 7.11, P<0.01). BWT of patients in survival group and death group at 24 h post admission, 3, 7, and 14 d post admission showed statistically significant difference when compared with that at admission within the corresponding group (t=5.97, 16.63, 28.21, 38.57, 5.34, 3.31, 4.39, 6.48, P<0.01). BWT of patients in survival group and death group on 3, 7, and 14 d post admission was significantly smaller than that at 24 h post admission within the corresponding group (t=22.27, 34.02, 45.03, 2.77, 10.53, 10.59, P<0.01). BWT of patients in survival group and death group on 7 and 14 d post admission was significantly smaller than that on 3 d post admission within the corresponding group (t=10.49, 18.26, 9.57, 11.44, P<0.01). BWT of patients in survival group and death group on 14 d post admission was significantly smaller than that on 7 d post admission within the corresponding group (t=6.97, 6.15, P<0.01). (3) The total areas under ROC curves of inhalation injury rating at admission and BWT at admission for predicting death of 43 patients were 0.880 and 0.956, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals 0.768-0.991, 0.882-1.000, P<0.05). Grade 1.5 and 2.75 mm were respectively chosen as the optimal threshold values of inhalation injury rating at admission and BWT at admission, with sensitivity of 87.50%, 83.33% and specificity of 77.78%, 96.00%, respectively. Conclusions The BWT of survived and dead patients with severe burn and inhalation injury increases significantly post burn, while the BWT of survived patients restores to normal level faster. BWT can be used to assess the severity of inhalation injury and to predict death in severely burned patients combined with inhalation injury.

Objective To explore the association between mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1(MST1)gene poly-morphism and haplotype and the risk of colorectal cancer,rectal cancer,and colon cancer in the Han population in Baotou area by case-control association study.Methods A total of 390 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed by pathology and 413 normal physical examination population were collected,and 2 ml of peripheral blood was taken for subsequent gene genotyping.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of MST1 gene were screened according to the genetic polymorphism data of Chinese Han population provided by the National Center for Biotechnology In-formation-Haplotype Mapping database.Gene genotyping was performed by Taqman method.Logistic regression was used to calculate the association between each SNP and the risk of colorectal cancer,colon cancer,and rectal cancer under codominant,dominant,overdominant,and recessive genetic models.Results Four SNPs of MST1 gene were screened,namely rs8000,rs2234197,rs2267853,and rs6073629.Among them,SNP rs2234197 was associated with the risk of rectal cancer.Compared with the GG+AA genotype,the AG genotype could reduce the risk of rectal cancer,OR[95%confidence interval(CI)]=0.657(0.442-0.976).SNP rs8000 was associated with the risk of colon cancer.Compared with the TT+GT genotype,the GG genotype could reduce the risk of colon cancer[OR(95%CI)=0.425(0.182-0.992)].Conclusion MST1 gene SNP rs2234197 AG genotype and SNP rs8000 GG genotype may be protective factors for rectal cancer and colon cancer,respectively.

Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and LATS2 are the kinases found in recent years which can inhibit the tumor development. They are highly homologous and overlap in function. LATS1 and LATS2 proteins have been confirmed to be associated with the occurrence of multiple malignancies, including soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, astrocytoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, etc. Studies have shown that LATS has more extensive biological functions, such as regulating gene transcription and cell cycle checkpoint, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration, maintaining genetic stability and regulating organ size, and loss of any one can cause a variety of biological changes. So insighting into the structure and mechanism of LATS1 and LATS2 is the key to understanding the occurrence and development of tumors. The discovery of LATS gene and the structure, expression, target and function of LATS protein are summarized in this paper.

Objective : To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) rs558614， rs9552315，rs7317471 and rs9509492 in large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) gene and the risk of colorectal cancer． Methods : A total of 390 colorectal cancer patients and 413 healthy subjects were genotyped by Taqman method．The odds ratio ( OR) and its 95% CI were calculated by unconditional logistic regression，to estimate the associations between SNP rs558614，rs9552315，rs7317471，rs9509492 in LATS2 gene and the risk of colorectal cancer，rectal cancer，as well as colon cancer under codominant，dominant，recessive，overdominant，and log-ad- ditive genetic models． Haplotypes were constructed by haploview software 4. 2 . Results : SNP rs558614， rs7317471，rs9552315 and rs9509492 in LATS2 gene were not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer，rectal cancer and colon cancer under codominant，dominant，recessive，overdominant，and log-additive genetic models. No haploid blocks were formed between the 4 SNPs． Conclusion SNP rs558614 ，rs7317471 ，rs9552315， rs9509492 in LATS2 gene may not play a major role in the development of colorectal cancer，rectal cancer and co- lon cancer.

Objective: To detect the differences in the expression of Yes-associated protein(YAP) in non-cardia gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue and analyze the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in the YAP gene andits protein expression,and to preliminarily discuss the correlationbetween YAP and the development of non-cardia gastric cancer,so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of non-cardia gastric cancer. Methods: 126 casesofnon-cardia gastric cancer tissues and 104 cases of paracancerous normal tissues were collected and set as case group and control group,respectively. Immunohistochemical SP assay was used to detect the expression of YAP in non-cardia gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Taqman method was used for genotyping. The unconditional logistic regression method was used to calculate the odds ratio(OR) and its 95%confidence interval(CI) to detect the associations between YAP SNPs and the expression of YAP protein under Codominant,Dominant,Overdominant,Recessive,and Log-additive genetic models. Results: The expression of YAP protein in non-cardia gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissues(P<0. 001).The expression level of YAP protein was negatively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation(P<0. 05).There was no correlationbetween the expression level of YAP protein and gender,age,lymph node metastasis and tumor size respectively(P>0. 05). No associations were found between SNP rs11225163 and rs1820453 and the expression of YAP protein under Codominant,Dominant,Overdominant,Recessive and Log-additive genetic models.Haplotype was constructed by Haploview 4. 2 software,and the association between haplotype and YAP protein expression was analyzed. Conclusion YAP may be involved in the development of non-cardia gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in vestigial like family member 4(VGLL4) gene and Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection. Methods: The blood samples of 450 normal physical examiners were collected , and the samples were divided into H. pylori negative group( n =220) and H. pylori positive group(n = 230) using enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) . SNP rs1803489 ,rs7617620 , and rs13078528 in VGLL4 gene were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) Ⅳrestriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP) technology. Results: SNP rs1803489 , rs7617620 , and rs13078528 in VGLL4 gene were not associated with H. pylori infection in the Han population in Baotou , Inner Mongolia. Conclusion SNP rs1803489 , rs7617620 , and rs13078528 in VGLL4 gene may not play a major role in H. pylori infection in Baotou Han population.

Objective: To investigate the associations of the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) rs1803489, rs7617620 and rs13078528 in vestigial like family member 4(VGLL4) gene with the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Methods: The case-control study design was used. 450 cases with non-cardia gastric cancer confirmed by pathology and 450 normal controls were collected in the Han population in Baotou; SNP rs1803489, rs7617620, and rs13078528 inVGLL4were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) technology. Results: VGLL4gene SNP rs1803489 was associated with the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer in the Han population in Baotou. Compared with the carriers of GG genotype, the carriers of AG genotype had a higher risk of non-cardia gastric cancer(OR=1.511, 95%CI=1.095-2.085,P<0.05). SNP rs7617620 and rs13078528 were not associated with non-cardia gastric cancer(P>0.05). Conclusion SNP rs1803489 inVGLL4may have an effect on the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer in the Han population in Baotou. SNP rs7617620 and rs13078528 may not play a major role in the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer.