2.0 mmol/L(44.83?14.13,45.95?13.21,allP

0.05). Regarding to the grade of irradiation mucositis, the majority of patients in the treatment group were at stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,while those in the control at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ(P0.05).No adverse drug reaction was observed in both groups during irradiation process.Conclusion:Actovegin can postpone the development of irradiation oropharyngeal mucositis and decrease the incidence of gradeⅢ and Ⅳmucositis.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety ofYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine to reduce the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Totally 108 patients in the stationary phase of COPD with qi deficiency or merging phlegm blockage/blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with carbocisteine and inhaled bronchodilators on-demand, while patients in the treatment group were treated withYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine and bronchodilators for 24 weeks. Times and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD, TCM syndrome scores, lung function, and 6-minute walking distances of the two groups during the treatment period were observed.Results The average times of acute exacerbations of COPD in the treatment group (0.33 ± 0.55) were fewer than the control group (0.62 ± 0.71);the average times of severe acute exacerbations of COPD in the treatment group (0.12 ± 0.33) were fewer than the control group (0.28 ± 0.45), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Comparison between the TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment, TCM total syndrome scores, breathless/dyspnea score, breath shortness and fatigue score, and 6-minute walking distance in the treatment group were better than the control group (P<0.05), with better safety.Conclusion The treatment ofYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine for COPD patients can effectively decrease times and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD, and improve TCM syndrome scores and 6-minute walking distance.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dose volume histogram(DVH)of tumor targets and organs at risk(OAR)at CT-image based 192Ir brachytherapy and effects and complications for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods Ten patients with FIGO stage ⅢB cervical cancer received CT image-based 192Ir intracavitary brachytherapy after 54 Gy of three-dimentional four-field pelvic external beam radiotherapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy. Before each brachytherapy,CT images were acquired with applicators in place. Gross tumor volume(GTV), clinical target volume (CTV)and OAR were contoured and inverse treatment planning was designed and optimized by using PLATO treatment planning system. Conventional two-dimensional plans were also designed for comparison.The total intracavitary brachytherapy dose was 30 -42 Gy in 5 -7 fractions. The patients were followed, and the local control and complications were analyzed. The biologically equivalent dose(BED)and biologically equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions(BED2)for GTV, CTV and OAR were calculated. The minimum dose in the most irradiated tissue volume 2 cm3(D2 cm3)adjacent to the applicator of the sigmoid colon, rectum,bladder and small bowel was determined from the DVH. Results The 1-year local pelvic control rate was 90% and grade 1-2 late complication of sigmoid colon and rectum was 50%. No grade 3 or more complications developed. On CT-image based planning, the BED and BED2 to 90% of the CTV(D90)were 95.50 Gy ± 7. 81 Gy and 79. 73 Gy ± 6. 57 Gy. The BED and BED2 to 90% of the GTV(D90)were 101.86 Gy ± 7.27 Gy and 84. 95 Gy ± 6. 1 Gy. The volume enclosed by 90% of prescribed dose(V90)for GTV and CTV were 92% ±4% and 87% ±7% respectively. The D2cm3 for rectum and sigmoid colon were 74. 97 Gy ±1.64 Gy and 67. 93 Gy ± 4. 30 Gy(EQD2, α/β = 3). Comparing with 2D brachytherapy plans , CT - image based planning has improved D90 and V90 for GTV and CTV with similar dose at point A and rectum reference point. Conclusions Computer tomography-image based 192Ir brachytherapy has resulted in the better dose distribution to the tumor targets with excellent tumor control and acceptable toxicity.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic efficacy and treatment related toxicities for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Methods From January 2007 to February 2008, 181 patients with stage ⅡA-ⅣA cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent weekly cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median age was 50 years (range, 32 to 82 years). The overall survival ( OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) rates were calcalated by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference was compared using Log-rank test. The treatment related toxicities were evaluated according to Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria. Results With a median follow-up time of 34 months and following rate of 92. 2%, the 3-year OS, DFS and LC rates were 73.4%, 70. 4% and 91.3%,respectively. The 3-year OS rate was 66. 9% for patients with tumor diameter ≥4 cm and 86. 4% for those with tumor diameter ＜4 cm( χ2 =6. 29 ,P =0. 012). The incidences of grade 1 and grade 2 acute toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system were 40. 0% ,45.0% and 19. 9% ,4. 4%,retrospectively. There were no grade 3 or more acute toxicities. The incidence of grades 3 or 4 late toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract was 4. 9%. Conclusions CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy can achieve good therapeutic effects for locally advanced cervical cancer. The acute and late toxicities are significantly reduced compared with historic controls as a result of incorporation of 3DCRT technique.

Within three years ,86 cases of tumors in the pineal region were treated by X－ Knife radiosurgical technique,using the standard axial serial CT scan for stereotactic localization,the target were localized by the BRW coordinate system.Radionics RSA－ 3 X－ Knife treatment planning system were used to make plan,Philips SL－ 75－ 14 Linac was used to produce X－ ray.After treatment, follow－ up ranged 6～ 42 months (meanly 24 months),most of the patients showed improvements within 1｀ 6 months. The results of this report proved that the X－ Knife treatment for tumors in the pineal region might be an effective,economical and reliable method.

Objective To study the effects of extracted active components of Chaenomeles Speciosa (EACCS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice; To discuss the possible molecular mechanism. Methods Forty male KM mice were randomized into four groups, namely normal group, model group, low-dose (50 mg/kg) EACCS group and high-dose (100 mg/kg) EACCS group. Except that the normal group was daily given routine diet, the other groups were given high-fat–high-fructose diet (HFFD). The mice were put to death 4 weeks later. Body weight, liver weight and serum TG were measured. HE and oil red O staining were used to observe liver tissue morphology. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of lipid metabolism related genes. Results Compared with the normal group, the liver size, liver index (P<0.01) and epididymal fat index (P<0.05) increased significantly;The ALT and GLU in serum increased (P<0.05), TG increased (P<0.05), and pathological findings showed significant steatosis; RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of SIRT1 and FoxO1 mRNA decreased and the level of SERBP-1c increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, the hepatic lipid accumulation of EACCS groups was obviously improved, and the serum ALT, GLU, and TG levels significantly decreased, the expression levels of hepatic SIRT1 and FoxO1 mRNA increased. Conclusion EACCS has protective effects on NAFLD mice induced by HFFD, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of SIRT1-FoxO1 signaling pathway in the liver tissues.

AIM: To observe the role of peroxysome proliferator activated receptor-?(PPAR-?) and the relationship of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and PPAR-? in injury of cultured rat cortical neurons induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.METHODS: Primary rat cortical neurons were cultured.Experiments include control group,hypoxia/ reoxygenation group and hypoxia/ reoxygenation with PPAR-? agonist group.Cell viability was surveyed by MTT assay.COX-2 protein expression was measured by Western blotting.RESULTS: Neuron viability raised dramatically in hypoxia/reoxygenation with PPAR-? agonist group,compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation group(P

Objective To investigate the early effect of medium-dose ionic irradiation on the expression of Fos protein in the rat brain. Methods Fos protein was observed in rat brains at times ranging from 24 hours to 4 weeks after hemispheric irradiation (single-fraction maximal dose of 20Gy) with the immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with that of the un-radiated rats,the expression of Fos protein in the irradiated brain decreased distinctly 24 hours and 1 week after irradiation.However,the quantity of Fos immunopositive cells increased gradually afterwards.At four weeks after radiation,expression of Fos protein recovered progressively in medulla oblongata and pons,in which Fos immunopositive cells were more than those in control group.In contrast,expression level of Fos protein in mesencephalon,diencephalons or telencephalon was still less compared with that of the un-irradiated rats.Conclusion The result suggested that the neuronal activity might be inhibited in certain nuclei of the rat brain in early stages after hemisphere irradiation,and this inhibitory phenomenon was more obviously in higher neural centers.

Objective:To preliminarily investigate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced giant cervical cancer (LACC).Methods:Twenty-four patients with LACC who were treated with bevacizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assigned into the study group, and 30 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in phase Ⅱ clinical trial (ChiCTR-TRC-11001832) were allocated in the control group. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan- Meier method, and the significance of differences between the variables was determined by the log-rank test. Results:The tumor volumes were (1.64±23.15) cm 3 and (12.83±15.08)( P=0.037), and the complete remission (CR) rates were calculated as 45.8% and 13.3%( P=0.004) in the study and control groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor volumes were (0±1.5) cm 3 and (1.00±10.63) cm 3( P=0.022) and the CR rates were 70% and 50%( P=0.009) in the study and control groups before afterloading treatment. The median follow-up was 24.6(9.3-101.7) months. The 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were 96%, 96% and 90%, 71%( P=0.110), the recurrence-free survival rates was 96%, 96% and 97%, 89%( P=0.512), and the distant metastasis-free survival rates were 96%, 88% and 83%, 80%( P=0.297) in the study and control groups, respectively. Adverse reactions were acceptable in both groups. Conclusion:Bevacizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly reduce the tumor volume, improve the tumor CR rate and yield tolerable adverse reactions.