Objective To explore the prescribing law of TCM in national patents for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH);To provide a reference for clinical medication.Methods Data on TCM compound prescriptions for the treatment of BPH were retrieved from the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)patent retrieval and analysis system,covering the period from January 1,2000,to October 31,2023.The frequency,efficacy category,properties and tastes,meridian tropism,core complex co-occurrence network,and potential TCM clusters mentioned in the patents were analyzed using Excel 2016,SPSS Modeler 18.0,SPSS Statistics 27,and Cytoscape 3.10.0 software.Results A total of 182 patents were included,involving 404 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a total frequency of 2054 times.Among them,22 kinds of Chinese materia medica had a frequency of≥20,with the most frequently used Chinese materia medica being Astragali Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex,Epimedii Folium,Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Plantaginis Semen,Poria,Vaccariae Semen,Alismatis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra.The high-frequency herbs primarily consisted of tonifying herbs(267 times,13.00%),blood circulation-activating and stasis-resolving herbs(216 times,10.52%),and diuretic and dampness-percolating herbs(147 times,7.16%).The properties of the herbs were mainly sweet and cold,and they were mainly attributed to the liver and kidney meridians.Association rule analysis yielded 10 common drug pairs,including Cornus Officinalis-Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata,Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma,and Astragali Radix-Codonopsis Radix.The drug combination with the highest confidence was Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Clustering analysis revealed five drug combinations,while potential TCM clustering analysis identified five groups,among which the"Zingiberis Rhizoma-Os Draconis-Angelicae Pubescentis Radix-Scallion-Rice Bran-Speranskiae Herba"network demonstrated the highest degree of interconnection(Score=6).Conclusion The high-frequency herbs in national patents for the treatment of BPH with TCM compound prescriptions mainly focus on tonifying the spleen and kidney,activating blood circulation to remove stasis,and clearing heat and draining dampness,providing a reference for clinical practice.

The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） has been increasing year by year，which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients. Establishing an animal model that conforms to the clinical characteristics of the disease is a prerequisite for conducting experimental research on DCM. This study sorted out and summarized the commonly used DCM animal models and evaluated the degree of consistency between the models and clinical practice based on the etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese and western medicine and clinical diagnostic criteria. The models with high consistency with western medicine include immune models，drug toxicity models，and tachycardia models，while the models with high consistency with traditional Chinese medicine include drug toxicity models，gene correlation models，and tachycardia models. With consideration of the characteristics of the symptoms，consistency，and their respective advantages and disadvantages，the more ideal models are drug toxicity models，tachycardia models，and gene correlation models. In addition to evaluating the clinical consistency of traditional Chinese and western medicine in DCM animal models，this study also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing DCM animal models，existing problems，and observation indicators of the models and pointed out the lack of standardized and unified syndrome model differentiation standards. Due to the complexity of the disease and the unclear pathogenesis，there are few studies on DCM models，and there is room for improvement. On this basis，four improvement directions are proposed to make the animal models as close to the clinical pathological and physiological processes as possible，so that the combination of disease and syndrome in animal models is more practical. These animal models can provide an experimental basis for the pathogenesis，drug intervention，efficacy evaluation，and scientific research of DCM and better serve scientific research and clinical practice.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） and diabetes mellitus （DM） comorbidity presents a myriad of symptoms and a complex pathogenesis， making the traditional diagnostic and treatment model of "using disease to treat syndrome" often inadequate in clinical practice. The concept of "syndrome-based treatment of disease" is rooted in the core thinking of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation and treatment， emphasizing the importance of syndrome as the guiding principle. This approach categorizes various diseases according to their corresponding syndrome categories for exploration， adhering to the principle of starting from the syndrome and addressing the disease thereafter， which highlights the advantages of TCM holistic view and syndrome differentiation and treatment. The pathogenesis of CHF is characterized by deficiency of both Qi and Yin， along with blood stasis， affecting organs such as the lung， spleen， and kidney， which in turn impacts the distribution and metabolism of body fluids. Dysfunction in body fluid regulation leads to stagnation， resulting in pathological products like phlegm and turbidity， which exacerbates syndromes of Yin deficiency and excessive heat. As the conditions of Yin deficiency and dryness-heat intensify， and as body fluid depletion continues， the patient's DM symptoms worsen， contributing to or aggravating the comorbidity. Following the diagnostic approach of "syndrome-based treatment of disease"， TCM diagnosis and treatment of CHF and DM comorbidity should focus on the core pathogenesis of "deficient Qi retention". This study categorized CHF and DM comorbidity into four stages： A （comorbid risk period）， B （precomorbid period）， C （intermediate stage of comorbidity）， and D （advanced comorbidity）， proposing corresponding TCM syndrome types for each stage. In terms of treatment， adhering to the principle of "tonifying deficiency and relieving stagnation"， the specific methods included invigorating Qi and strengthening the body， nourishing Yin and generating body fluids， activating blood circulation and Qi， and promoting diuresis and removing toxins. This study reviewed recent research progress on Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for CHF combined with DM， aiming to achieve precise treatment for both diseases and provide a scientific basis for the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CHF and DM comorbidity.