Objective To investigate the preliminary clinical results of treating scaphoid fracture by percutaneous fixation with arthroscope assistance. Methods From October 2009 to May 2015, a consecutive series of 12 patients with scaphoid fracture were treated by percutaneous fixation with arthroscope assistance. Meanwhile TFCC was man-aged if necessary. As followed, X-ray was adopted for assessment bone healing at 6-month postoperation, 12-month postoperation. Postoperative evaluations included clinical measurement (grip strength and motion range), radiograph-ic, and functional (modified Mayo wrist score) parameters, Herbert and Fisher scaphoid fracture parameters. Healthy wrist as control group. Results All the scaphoid fracture were healed with an average healing time of 24 weeks. All 12 cases were followed for an average of 18.5 months. The function was rated excellent in 7 cases, good in 5 cases according to the modified Mayo wrist score. There was no difference between the injuried wrist and control group. Conclusion For scaphoid fracture, percutaneous fixation with arthroscope assistance is a reliable and minimally in-vasive method to treat scaphoid fracture.

BACKGROUND: Whether bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) can be transduced into marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and produce osteogenic effects by viral or non-viral vector remains unclear? OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of cultured rabbit MSCs transfected with pcDNA3-hBMP2 in vitro. Simultaneously, the MSCs were transfected but not screened and then transplanted into autologous muscle to investigate the osteogenic capability by X-ray. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A controlled observation experiment was performed at the Department of Orthopedics, Liaoning Medical University between November 2004 and April 2005. MATERIALS: Six adult New Zealand rabbits, of either gender, weighing 2.0-3.0 kg, were included for this study. BMP2 antibody was the product of Sanaka Company, USA. pcDNA3-hBMP2 was provided by Professor Pu Qin from the Department of Biochemistry, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA). Restriction enzyme was purchased from Takara biotechnology (Dalian) CO., LTD., China. METHODS: Super-purified plasmid pcDNA3-hBMP2 was extracted from E. coli. Bone marrow was taken from the adult rabbit femur for harvesting MSCs by density gradient separation. The MSCs were divided into the following 4 groups: Group A, cells were transfected and screened by G418; Group B, cells were transfected by pcDNA3-hBMP2; Group C, cells were transfected by empty vector pcDNA3; Group D, only transfection reagent Fugene 6 was added.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transient BMP2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Expression of osteocalcin and collagen I was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. Two weeks after transfection, MSCs from the group B were autologously transplanted into the muscle. Four weeks later, X-ray assay was used to observe bone formation.RESULTS: pcDNA3-hBMP2 was successfully transduced into MSCs and transiently expressed BMP2 100%. Four weeks after gene transfection, expression levels of osteocalcin and collagen I were significantly higher in the group A than in the groups C and D. X-ray results demonstrated new bone formation four weeks after MSCs transplanted into the muscle.CONCLUSION: pcDNA3-hBMP2 can safely and efficiently transfect MSCs and induce them to differentiate towards osteoblasts by secreting BMP2.

Advances in surgical techniques and internal fixation materials have been continuously improving treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, but postoperative failure of internal fixation is inevitable and its causes are still controversial. An advanced age, female and severe osteoporosis are believed to lead to an unstable fracture and a fall more likely, increasing the risk for failure of internal fixation. Unstable intertrochanteric fractures such as comminuted fracture of medial femur, basicervical fracture, reverse intertrochanteric fracture and lateral wall fracture are more likely to lead to internal fixation failure. Non-anatomical reduction, improper insertion point and poor position of a lag screw are also prone to internal fixation failure. Extramedullary fixation for unstable fractures may increase the risk of failure. Long waiting time for surgery, late weight-bearing and infection may also increase the risk of failure. Therefore, it is still crucial for a successful treatment to clarify the specific risk factors for internal fixation failure and make corresponding countermeasures to enhance the success rate of a primary operation. This paper summarizes the risk factors for postoperative failure of internal fixation for intertrochanteric fracture so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Objective: To observe the effect of applying electro-acupuncture to the governor vessel on the expression of proteins in the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Methods: Sixty-four female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a spinal cord injured (SCI) group, an acupuncture (AP) group and an electro-acupuncture (EA) group. An SCI model was induced in all of the rats except those in the sham group. The sham and SCI groups were not given any special treatment, while the AP and EA groups were treated with conventional or electro-acupuncture applied to the Dazhui (DU14) and Mingmen (DU4) acupoints in the governor vessel beginning on the day following the operation. The electrical stimulation was in dense-disperse waves at 2/100Hz frequency and 0.2mA intensity, lasted for 15 minutes daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks . The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in the injured volume were determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after the modeling. Results: Compared with the SCI group, p-ERK1/2 expression was greatly enhanced in the EA group on the 3rd, 14th and 28th days. It was also significantly enhanced in the AP group by the 28th day. Compared with the AP group, the average p-ERK1/2 expression in the EA group was significantly enhanced on the 3rd and 14th days. Compared with the SCI group, the average p-Akt of the EA group was significantly enhanced on the 14th and 28th days. The average p-Akt of the AP group had decreased significantly on the 3rd day. Compared with the SCI group, the average expression of MBP in the EA group was enhanced significantly on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days and the AP group′s average was significantly greater on the 3rd and 7th days. Conclusion Electro-acupuncture can promote the expression of MBP, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the phosphorylation of Akt after spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the elderly's postoperation cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after general anesthesia.Methods Patients who need to have surgical operation done for lumbar spinal stenosis were randomly divided into an observation group (electroacupuncture and routine intravenous anesthesia) and a control group (only routine intravenous anesthesia),and EA was administered to those in the electroacupuncture group for 30 minutes at an interval of 10 minutes,beginning at 30 minutes prior to routine intravenous anesthesia and lasted till the end of the surgery.The differences regarding intraoperative propofol and remifentanil dosage,cognitive function,the levels of serum interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10) and S100-β were compared.Results The intraoperative propofol and remifentanil dosages in observation group were (6.54 ± 3.27) μg/(kg· h) and (3.67 ± 2.53) mg/(kg· h),respectively,while those in control group were (9.70 ± 4.82) μg/kg and (5.62 ± 1.73) mg/kg.The intraoperative propofol and remifentanil dosages in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).At 72 hours post-operation the incidence of POCD in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (1 case,2.5％ versus 8 cases,20％),while the MMSE score was higher in observation group than that in control group (25.7 ± 1.9 versus 23.2 ± 2.1).The post-operation level of serum IL-6,IL-10 and S100-β in observation group were significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture could significantly improve the elderly's postoperation cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia.It could inhibit the excessive expressions of IL-6,IL-10 and S100-β,alleviate the brain damage and reduce the incidence of POCD.

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of percutaneous osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis for treatment of nonunion of lower-extremity bones.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the 32 patients who had been treated using osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis from September 2011 to December 2014 for nonunion of lower-extremity fractures.They were 23 males and 9 females,with a mean age of 33.4 years (range,from 15 to 62 years).After their former internal or external fixators were removed,the 2 fracture ends were fixated by a retractile mono-lateral or circular external fixator.Under radiographic monitoring,a percutaneous incision was made with a 5 mm sharp chisel,down to the bone.Scar and ossified tissue between the fracture ends were debrided and cut along the fracture line.Mter the marrow cavity was reamed,a new irregular wound was created at sclerotic fracture ends.Scale-shaped chips (1 mm thin and 5 mm in diameter) were elevated using a chisel on surface of the cortical bone within 2 cm from the fracture ends.The external fixators were adjusted to compress the fracture sites.On the 8th day after operation,the eternal fixators were applied to distract and compress at nonunion sites to stimulate the osteogenesis.Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 12.5 months (range,from 8 to 42 months).Primary union was successfully achieved in 28 patients while delayed union occurred in 3 patients who finally achieved union after adjuvant therapies like shock wave and or local injection of bone marrow blood.The average time for union was 4.6 months(range,from 4 to 7 months).The mean time for external fixation was 6.2 months (range,from 5 to 8 months).One patient encountered nonunion of lateral tibial cortical bone 6 months after surgery but eventually achieved union by autologous ilium grafting.Joint functions in all postoperative patients were similar to those before operation.Conclusion Percutaneous osteoperiosteal decortication combined with distraction osteogenesis is a simple,minimally invasive and effective treatment for nonunion of lower-extremity bones,avoiding disadvantages brought by traditional surgery,like massive trauma and excessive bleeding.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in β3-adrenerglc receptor (β3-AR) gene and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 386 simple obese subjects and 175 normal weight subjects in whom geno-typing of Trp64Arg mutation in β3-AR gene was examined in 2000. Results There were no differences between a Trp64Trp homozygote group and a Trp64Arg heterozygote group of whether obese or normal weight subjects with respect to adiposity, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin in the baseline. The results of follow-up indicated that the incidence of MS in the Trp64Arg heterozygote group was higher than that in the Trp64Trp homozygote group of obese males (54. 76% vs 40. 85% ,P <0. 05) but not in the group of obese females. The incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group were higher in obese males than in obese females (40. 85% vs 18. 27% and 54. 76% vs 21.28% ,all P <0. 01 ) . No significant differences were found in incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group of normal weight subjects whether the comparison was made between males and females respectively or between males and females. The overall incidence of MS in the obese subjects were significantly increased than that in the normal weight subjects whether there was genevariant or not(31.30% vs 6. 03% and 42. 75% vs 12. 73%, all P <0. 01 ). Logistic analysis showed thatβ3-AR gene variant was associated with increased incidence of MS in males. Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130∕0. 4 on acute kidney injury in elderly patients in a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double?blind, controlled clinical tri?al. Methods A total of 120 patients of both sexes, aged 65-82 yr, weighing 56-83 kg, of American So?ciety of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective orthopaedics and hernia surgery, were divided into either hydroxyethyl starch group ( group HES) or lactated Ringer′s solution group ( group LR) , with 60 patients in each group. Hydroxyethyl starch and lactated Ringer′s solution were infused intra?venously at a rate of 7. 5 ml∕kg during 1st hour of surgery in HES and LR groups, respectively. Lactated Ringer′s solution was then infused at a rate of 5 ml∕kg starting from 2nd hour of surgery until the end of sur?gery in both groups. Before surgery, at the end of surgery and at 1, 3 and 5 days after surgery, blood sam?ples and urine specimens were collected for determination of the concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase?asso?ciated lipocalin, interleukin?18 (IL?18), plasma creatinine, urine β2 microglobulin and urine albumin.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated. Results The level of urine IL?18 was significantly higher at each time point after surgery than before surgery and immediately after the end of surgery ( P<0.05) . There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of urine IL?18, plasma creatinine, plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase?associated lipocalin, plasma IL?18, urineβ2 microglob?ulin and urine albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate at each time point ( P>0.05) . Conclusion Compared with lactated Ringer′s solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130∕0.4 does not aggravate acute kidney injury in elderly patients.

Descurainiae, Lepidii Semen and their it adulterants were identified by analysising their ITS2 sequences. The genomic DNA was extracted from 46 samples including Descurainiae and Lepidii Semen and their it adulterants. Their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using CodonCode Aligner v 4.25. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joning (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model. The results showed that the intra-specific genetic distances of Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum were 0.021 and 0.010, which were smaller than inter-specific ones of D. sophia, L. apetalum and their adulterants. The NJ tree showed that both D. sophia and L. apetalum were clustered into one monophyletic branch, and clearly separated with their sibling species. Therefore ITS2 sequence was able to identify Descurainiae and Lep-idii Semen and its adulterants to ensure the quality of medicines and clinical efficacy.

This study aimed to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species using the ITS2 bar-code, and secure the quality and clinical curative effect of these medicinal materials. DNA was extracted from Inula linariifolia, I. japonica, I. britanica, which are the original species of Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos, together with their closely related species. The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bidirectionally. Sequence assembly and generation of consensus sequence were conducted by the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances were comput-ed using MEGA 5.0 in accordance with the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The results showed that the ITS2 sequences of the various species have stable variable sites. The intraspecific genetic distances among Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance among the above two medicinal materials and its adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequences can clearly differ from Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species. It is concluded that ITS2 sequence can be used as DNA barcode to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species.