Objective To investigate the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on learning and memory abilities in vascular demensia (VD) rats. Methods VD model rats was established by two-vessel method. 60 3-month-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into VD group, sham-operate group and NBP group. Rats in NBP group were given NBP 120 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ,VD and sham-operate group were given equal quality vegetable oil.Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory abilities in each group and HE staining was used to observe the hippocampus morphology of the rats. Results The escape latency in hidden plat test was( (38.34 ±2.46 ) s, ( 14.83 ± 3.77s ), ( 75.74 ± 6.33 ) s ) and the original platform quadrant time was ( ( 26.45 ± 4.66 ) s,(35.21 ±3.78)s, ( 18.67 ±5.39)s) in NBP group,sham-operate group and VD group respectively. Compared to VD group, NBP group had obviously decreased escape latency in hidden plat test, increased original platform quadrant time and distinctly decreased the necrosis of the neurons in HE dyeing. Conclusion NBP can improve the learning and memory deficits in VD rats.

In medical research, the quality of data is the key to success. Thus, data quality control becomes an important part of ensuring the research's high quality. REDCap system is an emerging data acquisition system in medical research, which is gradually applied in research at home and abroad. It is a hot issue to realize double data entry and data quality control in using the REDCap system, which researchers are concerned about when this system is supposed to apply. This article will systematically introduce how to use the REDCap system for double data entry and quality control from the aspects of research project creation, data collection tool design, double data entry, data checking and exporting.

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is one of the commonly seen spinal surgery diseases. For well-diagnosed and well-located cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, surgical intervention can effectively alleviate symptoms. With the wide application of minimally invasive surgical techniques, the requirements for precise preoperative orientation of responsible segments have increased, especially in multisegmental cervical spondylotic radiculopathy cases. However, due to the cutaneous pain distribution is often atypical, magnetic resonance imaging and neurological examinations may be not reliable enough for accurate location preoperatively which may fail to get a satisfactory surgical outcome. Selective nerve root block (SNRB) in preoperative localization of responsible nerve roots in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy has gradually increased. Yet this technology has been mostly used by anesthesiologists or radiologists, this field in minimally invasive spinal surgery is relatively blank. As we know, there is no previous review summarized the commonly used approaches of SNRB, the risk factors relating to complications, and the local precise blood vessels anatomy. In summary, we believe that combination these series of points with the necessity of preoperative precise location in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy may increase the safety of cervical SNRB. The keywords about "cervical" and "selective nerve root block" have been used in English and Chinese literature databases. The articles were filtrated by title, abstract and full text. There were 21 articles taken in the review. We summarized the history and distinction of different approaches including anterior lateral approach, lateral approach, posterior lateral approach, dorsal "direct" approach and dorsal 'indirect' approach, and described the indication of each approach. As well as the factors associating with catastrophic complications in cervical SNRB, for instance, the vascular distribution relating to vascular mistaken injection, steroid kind selection because large steroid particle may block some thin but vital arteries. In addition to cervical local blood vessels distribution and variation, the needle trajectory also played a key role in the complications of SNRB. Besides, other controversy points, such as whether use contrast media or not, the importance of the lateral position of the cervical spine, etc., were discussed in this review based on clinical researches. The purpose of the present study is hoping to provide some references for spine surgeons to apply SNRB technology more safely.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between allogeneic transfusion and hospital infections in patients with closed traumatic brain injury in the perioperative period.
 METHODS: The clinical data of 181 patients with open brain surgery suffering closed brain injury in Changsha Central Hospital from February, 2012 to December, 2013 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into a mild and moderate brain injury group (n=83) and a severe brain injury group (n=98) according to evaluation system of Glasgow coma scale (GCS). They were also divided into a autologous transfusion plus mild and moderate brain injury group (n=14), a autologous transfusion plus severe brain injury group (n=10); an allogeneic transfusion plus mild and moderate brain injury group (n=31), an allogeneic transfustion plus severe brain injury group (n=70); a non-transfusion plus mild and moderate brain injury group (n=38) and a non-transfusion plus severe brain injury group (n=18) according to the transfusion styles. The hospital infection of all the patients was examined.
 RESULTS: The rate of hospital infection was significantly higher in the severe brain injury group than that in the mild and moderate brain injury group (P<0.05). The rate of post-operative hospital infection in the allogeneic transfusion plus severe brain injury group was also significantly higher than that in the autologous transfusion plus severe brain injury group (P<0.05). Similarly, the rate of post-operative hospital infection in the allogeneic transfusion plus mild and moderate brain injury group is higher than that in the non-transfusion plus mild and moderate brain injury group (P<0.05).
 CONCLUSION The allogeneic transfusion at perioperative period may be one of the risk factors for post-operative hospital infection in the closed brain injury patients. The more severe the injury is, the higher risk the hospital infection will be.
Blood Transfusion ; Brain Injuries ; surgery ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors