BACKGROUND:As meniscectomy may result in various adverse reactions, tissue-engineered meniscus is expected to be used for meniscus repair. Seed cel selection and optimal physicochemical stimuli are crucial for the construction of tissue-engineered meniscus.
OBJECTIVE:To overview the seed cel s for the tissue-engineered meniscus construction and the research progress of physicochemical factors.
METHODS:The first author retrieved the CNKI and Medline databases using the keywords of“meniscus, tissue engineering, seed cel s, physical and chemical factors”in English and Chinese, respectively, to retrieve articles related to the seed cel s and physicochemical factors of the tissue-engineered meniscus construction. Irrelative and repetitive articles were excluded, and 49 eligible articles were enrol ed for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The seed cel s must maintain their phenotype and synthetic ability after physicochemical stimulation in combination with scaffolds, to achieve the reproducibility of tissue-engineered meniscus. Most of cytokines can be used for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, but the underlying mechanisms were little known. Their application in the meniscus tissue engineering needs to be studied in depth. Currently it is urgent to improve physicochemical stimuli in order to construct the tissue-engineered meniscus. The shear force does harm to chondrocyte phenotype, and dynamic compression loading has been proved to enhance Ca+and glycosaminoglycan release. The fibrous cartilage stimulated by shear force and other factors may be helpful for constructing the tissue-engineered meniscus. An elaborated randomized control ed trial and the long-term quantitative analysis are of importance to assess the research results.

[Objective]To understand the changes of periprosthetic bone mineral density(BMD) of the proximal femur in patients with failed hip arthroplasty by measuring with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). [Method]Periprosthetic BMD was determined in 9 patients with revision total hip arthroplasty by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA),defining regions of interest according to Gruen(1~7),and comparing the operation side with the nonoperation side.Clinic results of the cases were evaluated according to Harris Hip Score(HHS).[Result]The mean HHS was 61 points in 9 patients at this follow-up examination.There was a significant decrease(8.9%~27.6 %) in BMD in every Gruen zone as compared with the nonoperation side.[Conclusion]The bone loss in the proximal femur in patients with failed hip arthroplasty is significant,and the pattern of bone loss around failed hip arthroplasty may be different from the typical remodeling seen after successful hip arthroplasty.

[Objective]To discuss the outcome of acetabular protrusion after total hip arthroplasty. [Method]Fifteen patients(M=7,F=9) having painful acetabular protrusion received total hip arthroplasty with reinforcement of the acetabulum with bone grafts(autogenous or allogeneous bone).The results were reported at 1~4 years(mean,3 years) of follow-up.Of the 15 cases,5 were mild protrusion and 10 were moderate protrusion.The Harris hip-rating and radiographs were taken pre-and postoperatively. [Result]The average Harris hip-rating was improved from 45 points(range,39~60 points) preoperatively to 85 points(range,70~100 points) postoperatively.The average preoperative protrusion of the femoral head medial to the Kohler line was 8.8 mm(6~18 mm).The average postoperative placement of the prosthetic femoral head was 10 mm(6~13 mm) lateral to the Kohler line.None acetabulum prothesis failure or bone grafts absorption was seen.The grafts were well incorporated on radiograms in all patients one year after operation by radiographs. [Conclusion]Good results can be obtained in hips with acetabular protrusion after reconstructed with autogeneous or allogeneous bone grafting and total hip arthroplasty.

Objective To study the mechanism of miR?200c in regulating RMP7?induced increases of blood?tumor barrier(BTB)permeability by targeting Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA). Methods Endogenous expression of miR?200c was detected by real?time PCR in hu?man cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3(ECs)after RMP7 treatment. miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were transfect?ed into GECs(ECs with U87 glioma cells co?culturing),respectively. Transfection efficiency of miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were de?termined by real?time PCR. HRP flux and TEER assays revealed BTB permeability. The protein expression level of RhoA was assessed by West?ern blotting. The distribution of RhoA was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RhoA luciferase assays were performed using the Dual?Lucif?erase reporter assay system. Results RMP7 significantly induced a decrease in miR?200c expression in GECs of BTB. miR?200c mimic and miR?200c inhibitor were successfully transfected into GECs. Overexpression of miR?200c inhibited endothelial leakage and restored normal transendo?thelial electric resistance values. Simultaneously ,overexpression of miR?200c significantly reduced the protein expression level of RhoA. In addi?tion,immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the distribution of RhoA in the cytoplasm and nuclei of GECs were decreased in miR?200c mimic group. RhoA was one of the direct targets of miR?200c with the specific binding site being located at the seed sequence. The results of miR?200c si?lencing were opposite to that of the miR?200c overexpression group. Conclusion miRNA?200c regulated RMP7?induced increases in BTB perme?ability by targeting RhoA.

Purpose　The aim is to prepare the extract of immunocompetent cell proliferation from human placenta and to try to find out a suitable method of preserving the extract.Methods　The extract was mainly prepared by heat-treating placenta homogenated fluid. Then the activity to stimulate murine splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was done with MTT , exposing　the　extract to　radioisotope 60　Co.Results　The content of protein was 2～3mg per gram placenta measured by Lowry′s Method.The rate to promote cell proliferation was more than 80 percent.The activity lasted a few months after being exposed to radioisotope.Conclusion　The extract prepared by heat-treating not only had high activity, but also had the unique method and good repeatability.This prepared extract as a kind of stable,reliable and remarkably promoting lymphocyte proliferation reaction had the value of development production on broad scale as well as in clinical practice.

AIM: To study the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on hematopoietic differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells(ESC) in vitro.METHODS: ES-D3 was allowed to grow on mouse fetal fibroblast feeder layer,and then was developed into embryoid bodies(EB).EB cells were transferred into medium supplemented with different concentration of VEGF and VEGF+SCF for 1 week.Six groups,including.VEGF 5 ?g/L,VEGF 10 ?g/L,VEGF 20 ?g/L, VEGF 5 ?g/L+SCF,VEGF 10 ?g/L+SCF and VEGF 20 ?g/L+SCF,were designed.The group of spontaneous differentiation without cytokine(s) was used as control.Hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-2 and early hematopoietic differentiation genes(c-kit and ?-H1) were detected by RT-PCR.The content of CD34~+ cells in each group were measured by flow cytometry.The cells derived from ESC were incubated in semisolid methycellulose cultures.The numbers of total colony-forming units in culture(CFU-C) were counted by reverse microscope.RESULTS: ES-D3 grew and formed EB at day 4.VEGF had a stimulatory effect as a single factor on the expression of genes associated with early hematopoietic differentiation(GATA-2,c-kit and ?-H1),the generation of CD34~+ cells and CFU-C in EB.The effects of VEGF+SCF were the most potent in the experimental groups according to the percent of CD34~+ cells and the numbers of hematopoietic colonies.The most highest inducing efficacy was achieved in VEGF 20 ?g/L or VEGF 10 ?g/L combined with SCF.CONCLUSION: VEGF promotes the differentiation of ESC into hematopoietic cells in vitro.The strongest effect was achieved when VEGF was combined with SCF.

Objective To understand the status of soil?transmitted nematode infections in Xiding Township,Menghai Coun?ty,Yunnan Province,so as to provide the reference for formulating the strategy of soil?transmitted nematodosis control. Meth?ods Soil?transmitted nematode eggs in feces were detected by the Kato?Katz method,and the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected by the cellophane tape method in children. The soil samples were collected from vegetable ,fruit and other crop fields of 15 residents randomly to detect hookworm. Results The stool samples from 1 002 residents were examined and the soil?transmitted nematode infection rate was 20.06%(201/1 002). The infection rates of hookworm,Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichu?ris trichura were 18.96%(190 cases),1.70%(17 cases)and 0.90%(9 cases)respectively. The percentages of people with light infection of hookworm,A. lumbricoides and T. trichura were 97.37%(185/190),88.24%(15/17)and 100%(9/9)respec?tively. No infection of E. vermicularis was found. Fifteen soil samples were tested,and no hookworm was found in the soil. Con?clusion The infection rate of soil?transmitted nematode in Xiding Township,Menghai County is high,but the infectiosity is light. The control and monitoring of soil?transmitted nematodosis should be strengthened in this area.

Background and purpose: The protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) gene may be related to the occurrence and progression of many tumors. This study was aimed to explore the expression of PTK7 in ovarian serous tumors and its relationship with clinical stage, histological grade, metastasis and prognosis indicators linkages, and analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTK7 in ovarian serous tumors. Methods:Expressions of PTK7 in 3 ovarian cell lines (HO8910, SKOV3, A2780), 14 cases of normal fallopian tube epithelium, 6 cases of benign serous ovarian tumors, 51 cases of borderline serous ovarian tumors and in 97 cases of ovarian serous carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical EliVision two-step method. Statistical analysis of the relationship between the expression of PTK7 and the pathological indicators was performed byχ2 test, Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier method. Results:PTK7 was negatively expressed in HO8910 and A2780, but weakly positively expressed in SKOV3. The positive rates of PTK7 in normal fallopian tube epithelium, benign serous ovarian tumors, borderline serous ovarian tumors and serous ovarian cancer were 92.86%(13/14), 83.33%(5/6), 45.10%(23/51), and 28.87%(28/97), respectively. The expression of PTK7 had no difference between normal fallopian tube epithelium and benign serous tumors, benign serous tumors and serous borderline tumors (P=0.521, P=0.102). The PTK7 expression showed signiifcant differences in serous ovarian carcinoma compared with those in normal epithelium, benign serous tumors and borderline serous tumors (P=0.000, P=0.012, P=0.048). Expression of PTK7 in borderline serous ovarian tumors was signiifcantly with clinical stage, metastasis (lymph node and/or peritoneum metastasis) (P=0.038, P=0.038), rather than its location, age (P=0.088, P=0.896). Expression of PTK7 in ovarian serous carcinoma had a signiifcant relation with its clinical stage, WHO grade, MDACC grade (P=0.011, P=0.004, P=0.000), rather than its location, metastasis, tumor diameter and age (P=0.326, P=0.524, P=0.588, P=0.584). The survival rate of PTK7 positive group in ovarian serous carcinoma was signiifcantly higher than that in the negative control group (P=0.017). Conclusion:The expressions of PTK7 in normal ovarian epithelium, benign serous ovarian tumors, borderline serous ovarian tumors and epithelial serous carcinoma show a gradual downward trend. The expression of PTK7 in ovarian serous tumors has a positive correlation with late clinical stage, high histological grade and poor prognosis. PTK7 can be a new indicator of clinical diagnosis and prognosis in ovarian serous tumors.

P450 fatty acid decarboxylase OleT from Staphylococcus aureus (OleTsA) is a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of fatty acids to yield primarily terminal alkenes and CO2 or minor α-and β-hydroxylated fatty acids as side-products.In this work,the interactions between a series of cycloalkyl phosphorus heterocycles (CPHs) and OleTsA were investigated in detail by fluores-cence titration experiment,ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and 31p NMR spectroscopies.Fluorescence titration experiment results clearly showed that a dynamic quenching occurred when CPH-6,a repre-sentative CPHs,interacted with OleTsA with a binding constant value of 15.2 × 104 M-1 at 293 K.The thermodynamic parameters (△H,△S and △G) showed that the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force played major roles in the interaction between OleTsA and CPHs.The UV-vis and 31p NMR studies indicated the penetration of CPH-6 into the interior environment of OleTsA,which greatly affects the enzymatic activity of OleTsA.Therefore,our study revealed an effective way to use phosphorus hetero-cyclic compounds to modulate the activity of cvtochrome P450 enzymes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Budesonide/formoterol to control asthma under real-life conditions.Methods A muhi-center, open label, non-interventional study was conducted.Asthma control after 12 week therapy with Budesonide/formoterol was assessed by Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and modified Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ5).Results A total of 360 asthma patients were recruited,including 228 adult patients and 132 child patients.After 12 weeks' therapy,all the patients' medium value of ACQ was decreased significantly from 2.03 (adults 2.20, children 1.74) at baseline to 0.60 (adults 0.78, children 0.29) (P < 0.0001), and the medium value of ACQ5 was also decreased significantly from 2.4 (adults 2.24, children 1.76) at baseline to 0.47 (adults 0.62, children 0.20) (P < 0.0001).Conclusion Budesonide/formoterol is effective in asthma treatment, by which most asthma patients obtain and maintain clineal control.