Objective To study the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)on different diameter atmospheric particulates in winter and summer respectively. Methods Atmospheric particulates in the atmosphere of Hengyang urban districts were collected using DFJ-1 model five-stage classification air sampler in the winter and summer. The contents of PAHs on different diameter atmosphere particulates were detected by GC-MS. Results The PAHs were found on different diameter atmosphere particles. The PAHs contents in the atmosphere in the winter and summer were 161.42?140.72 ng/m3. 52.3% and 63.3% PAHs distributed in the fine partioulates with dicameter ≤2.0 ?m in the summer and winter. Conclusion The PAHs contents in the atmosphere during winter were higher than that during summer,and the PAHs were mainly distributed in the fine particulates with diameter≤2.0 ?m. The distribution characteristics of different kinds of PAHs on different diameter atmospheric particulates were not unanimous. The distribution of PAHs in winter changed significantly.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the approach of drug pricing by applying the pharmacoeconomics evaluation.METHODS:Theory deductions together with demonstration analysis were performed based on the theory of pharmacoeco-nomics.RESULTS:In drug pricing for new drugs,the pharmacoeconomic evaluation should be conducted with suitable ref-erence drugs and suitable reference prices as references,meanwhile based on the results,the reported costs-based price should be reevaluated and adjusted accordingly.CONCLUSION:The rationality of drug pricing can be effectively improved through pharmacoeconomics evaluation.

ObjectiveTo assess the value of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) for detecting bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods31 cases of bile duct injuries were reviewed regarding the site of injury,mechanism,time of diagnosis,and the place of IOC was evaluated.ResultsBile duct injuries resulted from misidentification in 19 cases.In 12 of these 19 cases,the diagnosis was made by IOC.Primary laparoscopic repair or open repair and T-tube drainage solved the problem without postoperative complications.However,in 3 of the above 19 cases the result of IOC was misinterpreted and in 4 of the above 19 cases IOC was not performed.Two of the 7 patients had aberrant bile duct injuries, in all of them the diagnoses were delayed.There were two cases in which bile duct injury developed after an IOC.ConclusionsCorrect interpretation of IOC enables detecting bile duct injury caused by intraoperatively misidentification and consequent morbidity.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of surgery,radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy on early glottic carcinoma and prognostic factors.Methods Clinical data of 122 cases of early glottic carcinoma with Tis ~T2 N0 M0 were analyzed retrospectively.Small doses of chemotherapy applied to single drug cisplatin (according to the surface area of 50 mg/m2 ).83 patients underwent surgical treatments combined with chemotherapy,20 cases accepted radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and 19 cases accepted photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy. Results The 3 and 5 years overall survival rates (overall survival,OS ) of surgery group,radiotherapy group and photodynamic group were 92.7%,93.8% and 89.5%,89.5% and 84.4% ,89.5%,respectively.The 2-year disease free survival rate (disease-freesurvival,DFS)were 87.6%,79.4%,78.6%,respectively.The 2-year local control rate(local control,LC)were 91.9%,84.4%,83.0%, respectively.27 cases suffered from tumor recurrence or metastasis,15 cases in the surgery group,3 cases in the radiotherapy group and 5 cases in the photodynamic group,among them 19 patients accepted salvage surgery.Multifactor retrospective analysis indicated anterior commissure invasion (P=0.047),clinical stage(P =0.018)and KPS score before treatment(P =0.001)were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS.Anterior commissure invasion(P=0.027)and differentiation degree(P=0.041)were adverse prognostic factors for DFS.Anterior commissure invasion was also poor prognostic features for LC(P=0.047).Conclusion Radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy may be the first or very important treatment on early stage glottic squamous cell cancer(Tis ~T2N0M0 ).High preservation rate of laryngeal function with radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly improved quality of life of patients.Curative effect of three groups was similar,and three kinds of curative methods achieved good effect.KPS score before treatment,glottis impair and differentiation degree were the main adverse prognostic factors for early stage glottic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of antidepressants combined with α-blockers in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.Methods A retrospective analysis of 90 cases of chronic prostatitis treated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 was divided into two groups according to the random number table.The control group was treated with α-blocker Combined with vitamin C treatment, the study group using antidepressants combined with α-blockers treatment.The NIH-CPSI score and SDS score were recorded before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in NIH-CPSI scores and SDS scores between the two groups.After treatment, the scores of NIH-CPSI and SDS were significantly better than those before treatment, and the study group was superior to the control(91.1%) was higher than that of the control group(71.1%), the total effective rate of depression(93.3%) was higher than that of the control group(73.3%), and the total effective rate was 91.1%, The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),comparable.Conclusion Antidepressants combined with α-blockers are effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis, which is beneficial to the alleviation of clinical symptoms and the improvement of their symptoms.Therefore, it has a good clinical value and worthy of further popularization.

Objective: To investigate the frequency , distribution and features of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer, and to provide evidence for lymph node dissection. Methods: 348 patients with lung cancer were retrospectively studied, all patients received R_3 surgery plus systemic lymph node dissection according to the mapping system developed by Naruke. Results: Total 3 689 groups of lymph nodes were dissected . The metastatic rates of N_1 and N_2 were 23.4% and 16.5%, respectively. N_1 or N_2 metastasis was not found in Tis tumor. There was a significant difference of N_2 metastasis rates between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in T_1 or T_2 tumor (P

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Methods The clinical characteristics and the causes of misdiagnosis in 15 patients with DRD were reviewed retrospectively.Results 4 male and 11 female patients were investigated in this study. The age at DRD onset was from 3~25 years old,the average age was 11.7 years old.The courses ranged from 2 to 29 years and the average was 12.1 years. The symptoms in female patients often aggravated during gravidity and delivery. Main clinical features included gait irregularity, postural instability and tremor, with marked diurnal fluctuation. The disease may be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy, idiopathic torsion dystonia, essential tremor, parkinson's disease, neurosis and so on. All the patients in this study improved obviously in 2 weeks after therapy with low dose of Madopar, and recovered in 2~4 years of follow up.Conclusions Clinical diversity and diurnal fluctuation are the characteristics of DRD. Early trial treatment with low dose of Levodopa should be highly recommended for the generalized dystonia in children and untypical adults.

Objective To design a set of long bone and bone-mode auto-matching system which is based on computer image processing technology.Methods Through the analysis on clinical pictures and image data,we got the exact data.Based on these data,the system searched out the bone-mode from the bone-mode database which matched with the skeletal.Results It can find a suitable bone-mode which can match with the bone in a very short time.Conclusion The system improves the efficiency of matching,as well as the success rate.It reduces the surgery time and the suffering of patents.

Objective To detect sputum quantitative bacterial culture and sputum cell counts in stable chro -nic obstructive pulmonary disease (SCOPD) patients, and explore the correlation between lower airway bacterial colo-nization(LABC) and airway inflammation.Methods 47 patients with SCOPD were chosen ,all patients induced spu-tum specimens to sputum quantitative bacterial culture and sputum cell counts ,sputum and serum IL-8 levels were al-so detected.Results There were 13 patients whose bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract in patients was higher than 107CFU/mL.Serum IL-8 levels of 13 patients was ( 70.65 ±19.89 ) pg/mL, sputum IL-8 levels was (364.65 ±74.19)pg/mL,all significantly higher than those whose bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract lower than 107CFU/mL,(15.87 ±3.01)pg/mL and (146.65 ±28.11)pg/mL,there were statistically significant difference(t=13.43,9.76,all P<0.05).After 1-year follow-up,FEV1 decline(0.071 ±0.016)L in patients whose bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract≥107CFU/mL,it was significantly higher than those whose bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract <107CFU/mL;the frequency of acute exacerbation was (2.93 ±1.07) times,significantly more than those whose bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract <107CFU/mL,the differ-ences were statistically significant (t=5.43,6.54,all P<0.05).Conclusion Lower respiratory tract bacterial colo-nization in patients with SCOPD can aggravate the inflammatory response and increase degree of airflow limitation .

Objective To let students grasp comprehensive applied knowledge and the new development.Methods A special website was set up based on the traditional teaching.Results The special website could provide students with a quick,convenient and modern technology resource library.Conclusion The website can effectively help students consolidate and deepen the study of basic theory and technology of medical imaging equipment,and broaden their knowledge.