Objective: To assess trends of β-blocker use within 24h of admission in ideal candidates with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in eastern urban China from 2001 to 2011. Method: A 2-stage random sampling design was performed. In the first stage, a simple random-sampling was used to identify participating hospitals. In the second stage, a systematic sampling was conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2011 to select cases from the participating hospitals. Data was obtained by central medical record abstraction. 10-year trend and predictors of early β-blocker application were assessed with weighted calculation for each year to represent the overall situation of eastern urban China. Results: 35 hospitals were sampled and 32 of them were finally participated. With necessary exclusion, 1399 ideal candidates were included in this analysis. The early weighted β-blocker application rates in 2001, 2006 and 2011 were 64.7%, 69.7%, and 60.9% respectively, P=0.0447 for trend. Patients with chest pain at admission (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.19-4.13), higher systolic blood pressure (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.11-1.77) or faster heart rate (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.58-2.55) were more likely to use β-blocker; in contrast, compared with NSTEMI patients, STEMI patients seemed less likely to receive such treatment (OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.81). Conclusion: The early β-blocker therapy in eastern urban China is suboptimal for ideal AMI patients who could benefit from it. The application pattern has not been changed from 2001 to 2011 which might be related to physicians' misunderstanding of relevant evidence or guidelines. Our study may help to create an important target to improve the quality of AMI care.

AIM: To study the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on hematopoietic differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells(ESC) in vitro.METHODS: ES-D3 was allowed to grow on mouse fetal fibroblast feeder layer,and then was developed into embryoid bodies(EB).EB cells were transferred into medium supplemented with different concentration of VEGF and VEGF+SCF for 1 week.Six groups,including.VEGF 5 ?g/L,VEGF 10 ?g/L,VEGF 20 ?g/L, VEGF 5 ?g/L+SCF,VEGF 10 ?g/L+SCF and VEGF 20 ?g/L+SCF,were designed.The group of spontaneous differentiation without cytokine(s) was used as control.Hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-2 and early hematopoietic differentiation genes(c-kit and ?-H1) were detected by RT-PCR.The content of CD34~+ cells in each group were measured by flow cytometry.The cells derived from ESC were incubated in semisolid methycellulose cultures.The numbers of total colony-forming units in culture(CFU-C) were counted by reverse microscope.RESULTS: ES-D3 grew and formed EB at day 4.VEGF had a stimulatory effect as a single factor on the expression of genes associated with early hematopoietic differentiation(GATA-2,c-kit and ?-H1),the generation of CD34~+ cells and CFU-C in EB.The effects of VEGF+SCF were the most potent in the experimental groups according to the percent of CD34~+ cells and the numbers of hematopoietic colonies.The most highest inducing efficacy was achieved in VEGF 20 ?g/L or VEGF 10 ?g/L combined with SCF.CONCLUSION: VEGF promotes the differentiation of ESC into hematopoietic cells in vitro.The strongest effect was achieved when VEGF was combined with SCF.

Objective The expression of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) within liver in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients is significantly increased, but its origin and mechanism is not clear yet.The study aimed to investigate the expression of CXCL13 in the liver of mice through establishing a mouse model of PBC.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experiment group (n=20) control group(n=10).The mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) while the mice in control group were injected with PBS of the same volume.The level of serum AMA was quantified by ELISA and intrahepatic inflammatory cells were assessed by HE staining.Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and infiltrating lymphocytes in the liver of mice were collected by in situ perfusion enzyme digestion and magnetic bead separation methods.The transcriptional level of intrahepatic CXCL13 in liver tissues and cell subpopulations were detected by qPCR.Results The serum AMA titers of the mice in experiment group increased gradually with the prolonging of modeling time and the positive rates at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week after the first injection of Poly I:C were 5.9%, 52.9% and 76.5% respectively.While the serum AMA titers of the mice in control group were at a lower level through the modeling process, with only 2 mice presenting a little higher level above positive cutoff value at the 12th week.The results of HE staining in liver tissues of both groups showed that there were a great amount of intensely infiltrating inflammatory cells in the mice of experimental group while no inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the mice of control group.The separation purity of Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the mice of experiment group tested by flow cytometry were 76%-80%, 68%-72% respectively.Compared with the CXCL13 mRNA level in Kupffer cells [2.34(0.22-8.64)], the expression levels in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes declined[0.27(0.03-1.64), 0.05(0-0.22), P<0.05].Conclusion The chemokine CXCL13 is predominantly produced by Kupffer cells in the liver of PBC mice established by Poly I:C injection.

The paper presented the thoughts and steps taken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseaes in biobank quality management system.By means ofprocess approach,the organizational structure,identification and analysis process were established,along with the management mechanism and normalized documentation.Centering onPlan,Do,Check and Act(PDCA),a complete set of quality management system was established.This system enables normalized management of biobanks in China,and provides practice guidelines for development industry standards of the country as well.

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, which have genetic heterogeneity. It is impossible to accurately evaluate the dynamic evolution of tumor genes and microenvironment only by pathological examination after surgery. As one of the smallest extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, exosomes can be used as potential biomarkers and carriers of intercellular information transmission. It can promote glioma cell proliferation, immune escape and chemoradiotherapy resistance, improve blood oxygen microenvironment, and enhance the ability of invasion and metastasis. The relations of exosomes with glioma occurrence and development are summarized as follows.

Objective: To understand the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in residents aged 35-75 years in eastern China, analyze the treatment mode for antihypertensive agents while identifying those factors affecting awareness, treatment and control. Methods: The data collected in eastern China from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project were used to obtain the information about the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the residents and the antihypertensive medication treatment mode in this area. Multilevel mixed-effects model was used to explore the association of the demographic characteristics of hypertension patients with the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results: A total of 640 539 participants aged 35-75 years, mean age (56.9±9.6) years, were included in the analysis, women accounted for 59.7% and 318 741 (49.8%) of the participants suffered from hypertension. Among those hypertensive patients, 46.5% were aware of their condition, 38.1% were taking prescribed antihypertensive medications, and 11.1% had achieved the control of hypertension, the differences were significant among provinces, between urban area and rural area and among different demographical groups. Calcium-channel blockers was the most commonly used medication (45.1%), and 78 735 hypertension patients (86.2%) took only one type of medication. Older age, higher household income, higher level of education, and histories of myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusions The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were low in residents in eastern China. The differences in hypertension management were significant among provinces and between urban area and rural area. Further efforts are needed to enhance the system of hypertension prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment.