Objective To probe the relationship between the expression of TL1A and the level of IFN-γ secreted by T cells in the acute stage of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Methods ① Six-week female Bal b/c mice were immunized by purified recombinant human soluble TNF-like molecular 1A (rhsTL1A) protein. The polyclonal antibody against rhsTL1A was identified by immunofluorescence using human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC). ② To detect the biologic activity of rhsTL1A, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the healthy donors were separated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation and were seeded on 96-well plates with medium containing 2 μg/ml PHA (control group), 2 μg/ml PHA + 25 ng/ml rhsTL1 A, 2 μg/ml PHA + 100 ng/ml rhsTL1A and 2 μg/ml PHA + 400 ng/ml rhsTLlA respectively. T cell proliferation assay was carried out using ~3H-TdR. ③ IFN-γ productions in the sera of the children with GBS in the acute stage were detected by ELISA. ④ The ratio of CD_3~+ TL1A~+ T cells to CD_3~+ T cells in the peripheral blood of the children with GBS in acute stage was detected with flow, cytometry. ⑤PBMC from the children in acute GBS were separated and cultured in the environment adding 2 μg/ml PHA and 400 ng/ml rhsTL1A in vitro. Then, the IFN-γ in the supernatant was determined by ELISA kit after 72 hours. Results ① hTL1A A expressed by eukaryotic HUVECs was recognized by rhsTL1 A polyclonal antiserum. ② The result of T cell proliferation assay showed that SI of 25 ng/ml rhTL1A, 100 ng/ml rhTL1A A and 400 ng/ml rhTL1A group was increased compared with control group. The SI of 2 μg/ml PHA +400 ng/ml rhsTL1 A group was the highest (2. 65) among them. ③ IFN-γ productions in the sera of the children with GBS in the acute stage ((102. 25±22. 17) pg/ml) were increased significantly compared with healthy control ((28.75 ± 1.31) pg/ml, t = 3. 309, P < 0. 05). ④ The ratio of CD_3~+ TL1A~+ T cells to CD_3~+ T cells in the peripheral blood of the children with GBS in acute stage (18.22%± 1.83%) was enhanced significantly compared with healthy control (5. 17% ±0. 48%, t = 6. 884, P < 0. 01). ⑤ PBMC both in healthy control and the acute GBS secreted more IFN-γ markedly ((43.56± 4.41) pg/ml and (180.64 ± 38.39) pg/ml) after being incubated in 2 μg/ml PHA and 400 ng/ml rhsTL1A (t =4. 523 and 2. 600, P <0. 01 and 0. 05 respectively). Moreover, PBMC in acute GBS secreted more IFN-γ, than that of the healthy group markedly (t = 3. 545, P < 0. 05). Conclusions ① The mouse antiserum recognizing rhsTL1A is successfully obtained. ② In this study, 400 ng/ml rhsTL1A promotes the proliferation of T cells activated by 2 μg/ml PHA, indicating that rhsTL1A has biological activity. ③ The expression of hTL1A of activated T cells in the peripheral blood of the children with acute GBS is up-regulated. These TL1A proteins promote the secretion of IFN-γ through binding to their receptors DR_3.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical features and mutation of TGFBI gene in a Chinese pedigree affected with lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD).

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from 35 members including 11 patients from the pedigree. The 17 exons and splicing region of introns of the TGFBI gene were amplified by PCR. The products were directly sequenced and compared with GenBank database to identify potential mutation. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to predict the effect of mutation on proteins.

RESULTSA heterozygous mutation (p.R124C) was found in exon 4 of the TGFBI gene in all patients from the pedigree but not among unaffected members. The mode of inheritance of corneal dystrophy in this pedigree was identified as autosomal dominant. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the p.R124C mutation may be functionally deleterious. The phenotype of corneal dystrophy in the pedigree was determined to be LCD I type.

CONCLUSIONThe p.R124C mutation of the TGFBI gene probably underlies the pathogenesis of LCD in this Chinese pedigree. Genetic testing can facilitate proper diagnosis of this type of corneal dystrophy.

Objective: To investigate the changing laws of rest energy expenditure (REE) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the intervention effect for nutritional support. Methods: A prospective randomized control trial was conducted. Fifty-eight critically ill patients who were expected to be able to receive sustained enteral and (or) parenteral nutrition for more than 7 days admitted to ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from December 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into REE group (n = 29) and HBREE group (n = 29) according to the random number table. On the 1st to 7th day after ICU admission, the indirect calorimetry and the Harris-Benedict (HB) formula were used to obtain the REE and HBREE values, and nutritional support was given according to REE and HBREE values respectively. The data of hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), C-reactive protein (CRP), oxygenation index (OI) on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and discharged day, and insulin dosage, vasopressor time, mechanical ventilation time, the length of ICU stay, and 28-day mortality were collected. Results: ① At the beginning, the REE level was high, and then decreased gradually with the extension of hospitalization, and the decline was obvious on the 2nd to 3rd day (kJ/d: 7 088.38±559.41, 6 751.34±558.72 vs. 7 553.44±645.55, both P < 0.05), and was stable from the 5th day, the changing laws showed high at first, then the low, the first rapid decline, then the slow decline, and then reached the steady, there was a 2-day plateau in the middle. During the first 2 days, the REE value was significantly higher than the HBREE value (kJ/d: 7 553.44±645.55 vs. 6759.21±668.14, 7 088.38±559.41 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, both P < 0.01); on the 3rd, 4th day, the REE value was almost the same as the HBREE value (kJ/d: 6 751.34±558.72 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, 6 568.03±760.19 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, both P > 0.05). After that, the REE value was significantly lower than the HBREE value (kJ/d: 6 089.55±560.70 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, 5 992.55±501.82 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, 5 860.84±577.59 vs. 6 759.21±668.14, all P < 0.01). ② After the initiation of nutritional support, Hb in the REE group (the first 3 days) and HBREE group (the first 7 days) all increased slowly in the early stage. It increased obviously on the 5th day in the REE group. Compared with the REE group, Hb increased more slowly in the HBREE group, however, there was no difference between the two groups at the time of discharge (g/L: 113.75±17.28 vs. 110.86±15.35, P > 0.05). PA and OI all enhanced significantly on the 3rd day since the nutritional support was initiated, but the daily increase of the REE group was significantly higher than that of the HBREE group [3rd day, PA (mg/L): 110.38±27.65 vs. 96.28±18.06, OI (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 259.29±49.36 vs. 231.74±28.02, both P < 0.05]. The Alb and CRP in the REE group began to improve on the 3rd day, while the index in the HBREE group was delayed on the 5th day, overall, at the time of discharge, the PA, CRP and OI were lower in the HBREE group than in the REE group [PA (mg/L): 252.28±56.94 vs. 295.86±57.26, CRP (mg/L): 73.14±17.63 vs. 56.52±14.91, OI (mmHg): 353.59±70.36 vs. 417.52±71.58, all P < 0.01]. ③ The vasopressor was used in both groups for less than 3 days, but the REE group was shorter (days: 2.26±0.82 vs. 2.95±1.22, P < 0.05), the insulin dosage in the HBREE group was much more than that in the REE group (U: 101.97±21.05 vs. 84.59±22.21, P < 0.01); compared with the REE group, the time of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay in the HBREE group were longer (hours: 113.07±25.96 vs. 93.41±27.25, days: 10.41±3.11 vs. 8.45±2.44, both P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality between the REE group and HBREE group (17.24% vs. 24.14%, P > 0.05). Conclusions Indirect calorimetry can more accurately grasp the changing laws of REE in critically ill patients. Nutritional support with REE value can make relevant nutritional indicators as good as possible, and reduce insulin dosage, shorten vasopressor use time, the length of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation time, but does not change the 28-day mortality.

A large number of viruses have been found to be associated with ocular diseases, including human adenovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV), human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This group of diseases is prone to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis, resulting in serious tissue and visual damage. Etiological diagnosis is a powerful auxiliary mean to diagnose the ocular diseases associated with human adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus, and it provides the leading diagnosis evidence of infections with herpes simplex virus 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6/7, HHV-8, HTLV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Virus isolation, immunoassay and genetic diagnosis are usually used for etiologic diagnosis. For genetic diagnosis, the PCR technique is the most important approach because of its advantages of rapid detection, convenient operation, high sensitivity and high specificity.
COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/virology* ; DNA, Viral/genetics* ; Eye Diseases/virology* ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology* ; Research/trends* ; Virus Diseases/virology*

The extremely low bioavailability of oral paclitaxel (PTX) mainly due to the complicated gastrointestinal environment, the obstruction of intestinal mucus layer and epithelium barrier. Thus, it is of great significance to construct a coordinative delivery system which can overcome multiple intestinal physicochemical obstacles simultaneously. In this work, a high-density PEGylation-based glycocholic acid-decorated micelles (PTX@GNPs) was constructed by a novel polymer, 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-polyethylene glycocholic acid (Fmoc-PEG-GCA). The Fmoc motif in this polymer could encapsulate PTX via π‒π stacking to form the core of micelles, and the low molecular weight and non-long hydrophobic chain of Fmoc ensures the high-density of PEG. Based on this versatile and flexible carriers, PTX@GNPs possess mucus trapping escape ability due to the flexible PEG, and excellent intestine epithelium targeting attributed to the high affinity of GCA with apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that this oral micelle could enhance oral bioavailability of PTX, and exhibited similar antitumor efficacy to Taxol injection via intravenous route. In addition, oral PTX@GNPs administered with lower dosage within shorter interval could increase in vivo retention time of PTX, which supposed to remodel immune microenvironment and enhance oral chemotherapy efficacy by synergistic effect.