Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane ( Sevo ) on dendritic development and the expression of collapsin response mediator proteins ( CRMP ) in the hippocampus of developing rats. Methods Twenty-four neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at postnatal day 7 (P7) were randomly divided into control group or sevoflurane group ( 12 rat pups for each group) .Rats in the control group were exposed to air for 4 h,whereas rats in the sevoflurane group were exposed to 2.8%sevoflurane for 4 h.The hippocam-pus of some rats were collected,and the expressions of CRMP1,CRMP2 and CRMP4 proteins and phospho-rylation of CRMP2 protein at Ser522,Thr514 and Thr555 were detected by Western blot 6h after exposure ( n=6) .The rest rats were housed till P30,the expression of CRMP1,CRMP2 and CRMP4 proteins in the hip-pocampus were detected by Western blot ( n=6) and the morphology changes of dendrites in the dentate gy-rus ( DG) of hippocampal neurons were detected by Golgi-Cox Staining ( n=6) .Results The expression of CRMP1,CRMP2 and CRMP4 proteins of rats at P7 in the sevoflurane group was decreased by 35.0%( P=0.004) ,27.5%( P=0.015) and 12.0%( P=0.003) ,respectively,and the phosphorylation of CRMP2 pro-tein at Ser522 and Thr514 in the sevoflurane group were increased by 68.3%( P<0.01) ,74.5%( P<0.01) , respectively,6 h after exposure compared with control rats.However,the phosphorylation of CRMP2 protein at Thr555 was not significantly changed after sevoflurane exposure.At P30,both total dendrite length ( P=0.001) and the dendrites length at level 2 and 3 ( P=0.033, P<0.01,respectively) were shorter and the dendritic branching at 120,140 and 160 μm rings in Sholl analysis were less ( P=0.009, P=0.028, P=0.048,respectively) for rats in the sevoflurane group,compared with control rats.There were no significant changes at the expressions of CRMP1,CRMP2 and CRMP4 proteins.Conclusion Sevoflurane inhibits the development of dendrites in the hippocampal DG area of developing rats,which may be related to inhibition of CRMP1,CRMP2 and CRMP4 proteins expression and hyperphosphorylation of CRMP2 Ser522 and Thr514.

Objective To study the neuroprotective role of TFP5 in a MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods C57BL/6 mice were used as experimental animals.Briefly, 5 consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/Kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was applied to induce mouse PD model.The mice were randomized into 5 groups including control group,model group, scrambled TFP5 peptide (Scb) group, TFP5 group and roscovitine group.On the 7th day after the first injection of MPTP,behavior tests were performed, and then western blot method was employed to detect the expression of p25 and phosphorylated MEF2D in substantia nigra.Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) 28 days after the first injection of MPTP.Results MPTP increased the expression of p25 (0.48±0.10 vs 0.26±0.02, P＜0.05) and phosphorylated MEF2D (0.81±0.10 vs 0.22±0.02, P＜0.05) in substantia nigra, but decreased the number of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc (348.67±24.40 vs 463.29± 19.61, P＜0.05),resulting in motor impairment in the model mice (P＜0.05).Intraperitoneal injection of 30mg/Kg of TFP5 for 3 days effectively reduced the excessive phosphorylation of MEF2D (0.25 ± 0.12 vs 0.81 ± 0.10, P＜ 0.05) in substantia nigra, rescued dopaminergic neuron reduction of SNpc (422.92±8.41 vs 348.67±24.40, P＜0.05), and improved the motor ability of the model mice (P ＜0.05).Roscovitine exerted almost same neuroprotective role as TFP5 ,while Scb had no protective effect.Conclusion TFP5 can rescue MPTP-induced damage of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, and thus improve motor impairment of model mice,which may be mediated by the inhibition of Cdk5/p25 activity.

OBJECTIVETo study the single-nucleotide substitution (c.-16C to T) of the PURATROPHIN-1 gene in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients in China.

METHODSThe single-nucleotide substitution (c.-16C to T) of the PURATROPHIN-1 gene was detected by PCR, digested with EcoN I, separated on 8% polyacrylamide gel in 68 probands of autosomal dominant SCA families and 119 sporadic SCA patients, who had been excluded CAG/CAA repeat expansion at the SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17 and dentatorubral-pallidolluysian atrophy (DRPLA) loci. The results were confirmed in four patients by direct sequencing.

RESULTSThe single-nucleotide substitution (c.-16C to T) of the PURATROPHIN-1 gene was not identified in authors' cohort.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of c.-16C to T of the PURATROPHIN-1 gene might be rare in SCA patients in China.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Spectrin ; genetics ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; genetics

Objective:To summarize the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of recurrent focal segmental glomurular sclerosis(FSGS)after kidney transplantation and explore the predictive value of risk grade assessment of peripheral circulating permeability factor for recurrent FSGS.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed for pathological history, biopsy finding before and after transplantation, blood level of FSGS biomarkers of two patients with recurrent FSGS. Then the relationship was analyzed between the risk grade assessment of peripheral circulating permeability factor and recurrent FSGS.Results:Both patients belonged to primary FSGS with >10g/24h urine protein. The recurrence of FSGS after transplantation was confirmed by renal biopsy. After plasma exchange, rituximab and Tripterygium wilfordii, 24-hour urine protein content declined, general edema subsided significantly and renal function stabilized.Conclusions:After renal transplantation, plasma exchange and rituximab can effectively alleviate the symptoms of recurrent FSGS. And assessing risk level of peripheral circulating permeability factor panel may have value in predicting the recurrent risk of FSGS

Objective:To investigate the protein expression characteristics of bone metastatic breast cancer cells and the underlying molecu-lar mechanism driving bone metastasis.Methods:A firefly luciferase-overexpressing human breast cancer cell line,MCF-7-luc,and its bone metastasis subline,MCF-7-BOM-luc,were established.Additionally,a nude mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis was established by injecting the aforementioned cells into the left ventricle.Bone metastasis and trabecular changes were assessed using micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT).Cell migration,and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell assays.Differential protein expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)were analyzed using proteomics,Western blot,and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR(qPCR).We meas-ured the glucose uptake,L-lactic acid content,and cell energy metabolism parameters using 2-NBDG,ELISA,and a Seahorse energy metabol-izer.Results:MCF-7-BOM-luc cells exhibited stronger migration,invasion,and EMT characteristics as well as more pronounced bone meta-stasis capabilities than the MCF-7-luc cells.Proteomic analysis revealed increased S100 calcium-binding protein A(S100A4)expression in MCF-7-BOM-luc cells,with other differentially expressed proteins being primarily involved in metabolic pathways.Additionally,MCF-7-BOM-luc cells displayed increased expression of E-box binding homeobox 1/2(zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2,ZEB1/2)and Vimentin and reduced E-cadherin expression.MCF-7-BOM-luc cells also exhibited enhanced glucose uptake,L-lactic acid production,and glycolysis rates as well as increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2(ERK1/2)and signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3(STAT3).Conclusions:MCF-7-BOM-luc cells promote S100A4 expression through ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathway activation,which in turn enhances the EMT process and glycolysis rate,thereby contributing to malignant bone metastasis.Proteomic analysis of breast cancer bone metastasis-related protein characteristics could offer potential targets for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.

Objective:To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis of renal transplant recipients with COVID-19.Methods:The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 2 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19. Based upon clinical manifestations, blood routine, inflammatory factors, cell immunity, chest computed tomography(CT)and therapeutic efficacies, the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients(Interim Edition V)were compared to that of ordinary COVID-19 patients. Both recipients had an onset of low/moderate fever. There was no initial symptom of cough or fatigue. Blood routine indicated a normal count of leukocytes, a marked lymphocytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)and slightly higher procalcitonin(PCT). Cellular immunity was extremely low and chest CT showed multiple patchy ground-glass opacities in both lungs.Results:After 1 week of onset, both patients had a marked disease progression. The pathogenesis and imaging changes were highly similar to those reported for ordinary COVID-19 patients. For preventing secondary infections, both received symptomatic supportive measures of antiviral agents, withdrawing immunosuppressants, tapering of hormone maintenance dose, intravenous drip of gamma globulin and respiratory supports. Currently the conditions of both patients obviously improved and renal function was stable. One case recovered and was discharged.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients are generally consistent with that of ordinary COVID-19 patients. Although there is no established treatment for COVID-19, withdrawing immunosuppressants, maintaining small and medium doses of hormones, actively restoring immunity and providing respiratory supports in a timely manner are effective.

Objective: To analyze the epidemilogical and seasonal characteristics of foodborne Salmonella-associated diarrhea among children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods: Data were extracted from the Foodborne Disease Survellance System for cases reported between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2023. The incidence, seasonal characteristics, and peak periods were analyzed by the method of concentration and circular distribution. Results: A total of 6 434 cases of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 years were collected, and 455 cases of Salmonella were detected, with a positive detection rate of 7.07%. Salmonella typhimurium was the main serotype causing diarrhea (59.34%). The peak of the disease was from May 3 to September 30, with certain seasonal characteristics. The highest detection rate was found in children aged 1-3 years (8.66%). Among food types, the positive detection rates of Salmonella were relatively high in other foods (17.39%), fruits and their products (10.22%), infant and toddler foods (10.09%), and aquatic animals and their products (9.80%). The processing and packaging methods of food were mainly home-made (9.38%) and bulk food (7.54%). Conclusions The detection rate of Salmonella in children aged 0-6 years is high in Guizhou Province, with strong seasonal characteristics. The detection rates of other foods, fruits and their products, infant and toddler foods, and aquatic animals and their products are high. Enhanced pathogen surveillance for susceptible populations and high-risk foods, coupled with public health education during summer/autumn, is recommended.

Peking Union Medical College Hospital, as one of the most stressful medical institutions in China, is facing the problem of emergency department overcrowding. In order to effectively alleviate the emergency overcrowding, improve the medical quality and patients′ medical experience, the hospital firmly grasped the two incremental links of " throughput" and " output" factors, established a multidisciplinary and multi-department cooperation team, constructed a close medical alliance cooperation mode, and innovated and explored a harmonious emergency overcrowding relief mode with the goal of unblocking the " exit" of patients. The practice showed that the comprehensive measures could effectively alleviate the problem of emergency overcrowding, and improve the medical environment and medical quality.

Objective: To investigate the trueness and precision of routine clinical biochemistry tests in the third-grade class-A hospitals of Chongqing city. Methods: The fresh frozen serum samples were assigned the target values with reference methods, and then allocated to the clinical laboratories of the third-grade class-A hospitals in Chongqing city for testing. The trueness and precision were analyzed and evaluated. Results: The pass rates of trueness of creatinine (Cr), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (T-Bil), uric acid (UA) and glucose (Glu) in 33 clinical laboratories were below 50%. The pass rate of trueness of UA (33%) in the closed detection system was lower than that in the opening detection system (79%, P=0.033). In the opening detection system, the pass rate of trueness of Cr in the mode with the same brand of reagents and calibration materials was higher than that with different brands (P=0.014). The precisions of level 1 of T-Bil and Urea in the closed detection system were better than that in the opening detection system (P=0.043 for T-Bil; P=0.031 for Urea). Conclusion The trueness of clinical biochemistry tests in the third-grade class-A hospitals of Chongqing city needs to be further improved. There is no significant difference in trueness and precision between the opening detection system and the closed detection system, even the performance of some tests in the opening detection system is better than that in the closed detection system.

Objective: To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis of renal transplant recipients with NCP. Method: The clinical data of 2 cases of kidney transplant recipients with NCP were retrospectively analyzed. Based onclinical manifestations, blood routine, inflammatory factors, cell immunity, chest CT andtherapeutic effects, the diagnosis and treatment of NCP in kidney transplant recipients (5th edition) were compared to that ofordinary NCP patients. Both recipients developed onset of low andmoderate fever, with no cough or fatigue at the initial stage. Blood routine indicated a normal range of leukocytes,buta significant decrease in lymphocyte counts, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) , and slightly higher procalcitonin (PCT) . The cellular immunity was extremely low, and the chest CT showed multiple patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs. Result: After 1 week of onset, both patients had significant disease progression. The pathogenesis and imaging changes were highly similar tothatreported in ordinary NCP patients.Two patients were givensymptomatic supportive treatment by antiviral agents, stop uses ofimmunosuppression agents, small amount of hormone maintenance, intravenous drip of gamma globulin andrespiratory support toavoid secondary infections. At present, the condition of both patients is obviously improved, and renal function is stable. One of them has recovered and was discharged. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of NCP in renal transplant recipients were generally consistent with that of ordinary NCP patients. Although there is no established method for the treatment of NCP, it is effective by stopping uses of immunosuppressive agents, maintaining small and medium doses of hormones, actively restoring immunity, and providing respiratory support in a timely manner.