In this work, some interference in the assay of vitamin E in liver and serum was studied and the method was improved.The sample must be protected from oxidative attack. The interference of high vitamin A content in liver could be removed by H2SO4. The amount of KOH for saponification must be in keeping with the amount of sample assayed both in synthetic a-tocopherol and in biological material by fluorometry. A linear correlation of the fluorescence and the vitamin E content was obtained when 0.5ml of 10 N KOH was used for the saponification of 0.5-100?g of ?-tocopheryl acetate.

The effect of Vitamin E on the metabolism of selenium in weaning Wistar rats raised with low selenium and low vitamin E Keshan disease diet and with the basal diet supplemented with selenium and/or a-tocopherol acetate was investigated. The results showed that:(1)On the same level of selenium in the diets, a-tocopherol supplemented to the diets might increase the selenium level of liver. No significant effect was found in other organs.(2)Whether the selenium was deficient in the diet or not, the GSHPx activities in blood, heart and liver of vitamin E deficient animals were lower than that of animals supplemented with vitamin E.(3)Supplementation of vitamin E to the diet decreased the selenium excretion in urine, and increased the selenium retention in tissues both in selenium deficient group and in selenium supplemented group.

1. Experiments were conducted to compare the blood glutathione peroxi-dase activity of rats fed low selenium diets (0.0042 and 0.0084ppm Se) mainly composed of rice, corn and soybean grown in Keshan Disease endemic areas with that of rats fed the contrast diets (0.073 and 0.074 ppm Se) composed of the same grains grown in non-endemic areas and with that of rats fed stock diets (0.307 ppm Se). The enzyme activities of the endemic grain-feeding groups were lower than that of the non-endemic grain-feeding groups, but the enzyme activities of these groups were significantly lower than that of the stock diet group. The difference of the percentage of ascorbic acid-induced oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, choleglobin and Heinz bodies in vitro in different groups were in the same trend as that of the glutathione peroxidase activity.2. When rats were fed the low selenium diets for three months supplementing with sodium selenite, both the blood selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased to the levels of the stock diet group within 50 days.

Blood GSHpx activities of populations living in Keshan disease affected and non-affected areas were examined. The enzyme activities of people in affected areas were lower than that in non-affected areas. That of agricultural population is lower than that of workers and staff members living in same affected areas. The enzyme activities of patient suffering from Keshan disease were a little lower than that of other children. After oral administration of Na2SeO3 for one year, the enzyme activities of children in affected areas increased to the same level of that in non-affected areas. Significant correlation was found between selenium concentration of blood and hair and GSHpx activities.

Objective To explore the differences in disease location,pathological feature,disease severity,extraintestinal manifestations and drug treatment between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with comorbid autoimmune disease (AD) and simple IBD patients.Methods From January 2009 to December 2014,the clinical data of 54 IBD patients with comorbid AD and at the same period 74 simple hospitalized IBD patients were retrospectively analyzed.According to IBD type and whether combined with AD,patients were divided into Crohn's disease (CD)+AD group (n=16),CD group (n=26),ulcerative colitis (UC)+AD group (n=38) and UC group (n=48).Chi square test was performed to compare the differences in disease severity,location,extraintestinal manifestations and drug treatment between IBD patients with and without AD.Results There was no statistically significant difference in location among four groups (all P＞0.05).The most common concomitant AD of IBD was rheumatoid arthritis (20.4％,11/54) and ankylosing spondylitis (13.0％,7/54).The proportion of mild active patients of CD+ AD group was lower than that of CD group (2/16 vs 53.8％ (14/26),x2 =7.180,P=0.007),while the proportion of severe active patients was significantly higher that of CD group (6/16 vs 0,x2 =8.519,P=0.004).There was no statistically significant difference in moderate active patients between the two groups (P=0.808).Main type of patients of UC+ AD group (76.3 ％,29/38) and UC group (68.8 ％,33/48) were moderate active patients.There was no statistically significant difference in disease stage and location (all P＞0.05).The incidence of extraintestinal manifestations of IBD+AD group (55.6 ％,30/ 54) was significantly higher than that of IBD group (9.5 ％,7/74,x2 =32.279,P＜0.01),and the main manifestation was arthritis (37.0％ (20/54) vs 5.4％ (4/74),x2=20.504,P＜0.01).The rate of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant application in IBD+AD group was higher than that of IBD group (40.7％ (22/54) vs 17.6％(13/74),x2 =8.438,P=0.004;20.4％(11/54) vs 0,x2=14.000,P＜ 0.01).Conclusions The condition of patients with IBD and comorbid AD is more severe,and the incidence of extraintestinal manifestations is higher.Early treated with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant could effectively achieve remission.

The distributioa of Se in Hb and the effects of Se intake and its chemical forms oil the distribution were studied. The results showed that Se in human Hb was all located in globin and divided equally in a and ? chains. However, a part of Se could fall from Hb during the process of isolation when more Se as SeMet was taken and "excess" Se appeared in Hb. It was implicated that there were at least two kinds of linkage between Se and Hb --tight and loose.Regarding the components of amino acid in ? and ? chains, we assumed that a tight linkage between Se and Hb was in the form of SeMet, which was incorporated into Hb by dietary Se during the synthesis of Hb; the loose linkage was formed by a part of "excess" Se and CyS, especially No.93 CyS in ? chain, being unstable sclcnotrisulf ide or selenopersulfide, which broke easily by reduction during isolation. They might be utilized first by human body when Se was required.

Objective To compare surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic stenting in palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction.Methods This retrospective study investigated patients treated for malignant gastric outlet obstruction from January 2007 to January 2014 in the first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University.Endoscopic stenting was placed in 29 patients and surgical gastrojejunostomy was performed in 42 patients.The outcomes assessed included diet scores,time to diet,length of hospital stay,treatments fees and complications.Results Both endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy can relieve patients' syndrome with significant higher GOOSS score compared with that before treatment (P ＜0.05),but score improves faster in stenting group.Clinical success for endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy was 96.6％ and 92.9％ respectively,and technical success was 100％ for both of them.Endoscopic stenting group was found to have lower early complication rate(3.4％ VS 23.8％,P ＜0.05),higher late complication rate(24.1％ VS 6.9％,P ＜0.05),less time to diet,hospital stay and treatment fees(all P value ＜ 0.05)than surgical gastrojejunostomy group.The major complication after endoscopic stenting is re-obstruction while it is infection and leak of anastomotic site for surgical group.There were no significant differences in complication between two groups (27.6％ VS 11.9％,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy can relieve patients' syndrome effectively and safely,but endoscopic stenting improves GOOSS scores more rapid with less time to diet,less early complication rate and easy-dealing late complications,also it needs less hospital stay and fees.It's a better choice for patients with less survival expectation.

OBJECTIVE To understand the antibacterial usage among outpatients in our hospital and provide reference for their rational use in clinic treatment.METHODS Totally 18 232 prescriptions in 2007 were investigated and analyzed.RESULTS The rate of antibacterial usage was 21.9% which took up 6.25% of total cost.As for active treatment single drug consisted of 91.21%,two-drugs 9.09%,and three-drugs of 0.55%.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic service is basically rational.

Objective To investigate the effect of different frequencies of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on diagnosis of duodenal submucesal lesions. Methods A total of 210 elevated duodenal lesions detected by routine endoscopy in 201 patients were examined by EUS at different frequencies according to lesion features and image clarity. Endoscopic resection was applied in 27 lesions with informed consents,and pathological findings were compared with the results of EUS. Results The accuracy of EUS was 81.4% (22/27). Ultrasound of low frequency was superior in displaying overview of lesion and was more suitable for lesions larger than 1.5 cm in diameter or lesions of hyperecho. On the other hand,ultrasound of high frequency was more reliable to reveal minute structures and could be employed in scanning lesions smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter. Combination of different frequencies of ultrasound could provide more details in larger lesions. Conclusion Application of appropriate frequency or combined frequencies of ultrasound in examination of elevated duodenal lesions is beneficial to achieve more accurate diagnosis.