Objective:To investigate the occurrence of complications in domestic children's arterial blood specimen collection, analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide an improved basis for improving the quality of arterial blood specimen collection.Methods:This study adopted the cross-sectional research method. From July to September 2019, convenience sampling was used to select 2 235 children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of 17 children's specialized hospitals and ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals across the country as the research object. The self-designed Childhood Arterial Blood Specimen Collection Complications Questionnaire was used to investigate the status of children's arterial blood specimen collection and the occurrence of complications, and its influencing factors were analyzed. Single factor analysis and binomial Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of complications in children's arterial blood specimen collection. A total of 2 235 questionnaires were issued, and 2 205 valid questionnaires were returned with the valid response rate of 98.7%.Results:The incidence of complications in the collection of arterial blood specimens in children was 73.2% (1 614/2 205) , mainly subcutaneous hemorrhage, accounting for 71.7% (1 581/2 205) . The incidence of single complications was 57.6% (1 269/2 205) . Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the angle of needle insertion, pressing time and the operator's working years were the influencing factors for the complications of arterial blood specimen collection in children, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of complications in the collection of arterial blood specimens in children is relatively high, which is related to the angle of needle insertion, pressing time, and the working years of the operator. It is necessary to establish standardized operating procedures and homogenized management to further improve the operating level and reduce the incidence of complications in the collection of arterial blood specimens in children.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate domestic and foreign relevant evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and summarize the best evidence, so as to provide clinical practice guidelines for medical staff.Methods:We systematically searched the evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children in British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Health Care Center Database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, International Practice Guideline Registry Platform (Chinese) , Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, International Society of Oral Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Cochrane Library, BMJ Journals, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine Database. The evidence included clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, best practices, systematic reviews and evidence summaries, and the search time limit was to build the database until November 1, 2019. The searched guidelines were independently evaluated by four guideline reviewers, and the rest of literature was independently evaluated by two researchers who received evidence-based training to evaluate the quality of the included literature, combined with the judgment of professionals. Evidence extraction and evidence summary were carried out on literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of 8 articles were included, including 1 BMJ best practice, 5 JBI evidence summaries, 1 guideline, and 1 systematic review. The best evidence included 16 pieces of evidence in 7 areas of basic oral care, nursing evaluation, diet prevention, physical therapy, drug prevention, fungal infection prevention, and multidisciplinary team management.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and provides clinical practice guidelines for medical staff. Medical institutions should establish preventive measures for children's oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy based on the transformation of evidence-based evidence, and establish standardized multidisciplinary collaboration and nursing procedures to improve patient health outcomes.

Objective:To apply the best evidence for prevention of oral mucositis in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to clinical practice and evaluate its efficacy.Methods:Evidence-based nursing method was applied to obtain the best evidence, the evidence quality review indexes were established and the obstacle factors were analyzed, and then the action strategy was constructed. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 60 children who were admitted to HSCT ward of Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University and 14 nurses working in HSCT ward were selected as the research objects from August 2019 to October 2020. The children admitted from August 2019 to February 2020 were included in the control group, and children admitted from March to October 2020 were included in the experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. Children in the control group received routine preventive measures for oral mucositis, while children in the experimental group received preventive measures for oral mucositis constructed based on the best evidence. Before and after the application of the evidence, the nurses' knowledge of preventing oral mucositis in children with HSCT was investigated through self-developed test papers. The incidence of oral mucositis and parents' satisfaction with prevention measures for oral mucositis were compared between the two groups.Results:Evidence-based nursing practice used 10 pieces of evidence. The incidence of oral mucositis in the experimental group was 50% (15/30) , lower than 83% (25/30) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.50, P < 0.05) . The score of satisfaction with for preventive measures of oral mucositis of parents in the experimental group was (4.96±0.05) , which was higher than (3.65±1.60) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.69, P<0.01) . After the application of the evidence, the score of nurses' knowledge of prevention of oral mucositis was (98.22±6.65) , which was higher than (78.72±12.03) before the application, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.30, P<0.01) . Conclusions:Management of oral mucositis in children with HSCT through evidence-based nursing practice can effectively reduce the incidence of oral mucositis in children, improve parents' satisfaction with prevention measures for oral mucositis and nurses' knowledge of prevention of oral mucositis.