The relationship of Bdellovibrio and microbiological pollution was observed in laboratory.The results showed that the number of bd ellovibrio increased some time later than the introduction of polluted microbes and remained on high level after the pollution.These characteristics may have potential on indicating pollution.

Purpose：To evaluate the use of transrectal ultrasonography in diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods：A high-frequency probe was used to examine 56 cases of prostate cancer transrectally and the sonographic features were analyzd. Results：On Trus image lesions were located in peripheral zone in 48(76.8%), transition zone in 8 (14.3%),and central zone in 5 (8.9%). 45 cases (80.4%) of the prostate cancer were hypoechoic,4(7.1%) were hyperechoic, 5(8.9%) had mixed echogenicity and 2 (3.6%)showed isoechoic appearance. Indirect signs represented prostatic asymmetry,intermittent capsular and dilation or disappear of the seminal vesicles.Conclusions：TRUS is imperative in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate intravesical instillation of mitoxantrone(MTZ) for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Methods Intravesical instillation of 12 mg MTZ dissolved in 50 ml normal saline and retained in bladder for 2 hours were given to bladder cancer patients postoperatively once a week for 8 weeks and subsequently once a month for 12 months.Kidney and liver function,blood counting,urinalysis and cystoscopy were taken periodically.The systemic and local reactions were recorded every time after the intravesical instillation. Results All of the 98 cases were followed up for 6 to 24 months with a mean of 13 months.The recurrence rate was 6.2%.There was no generalized side effect. Conclusions Intravesical instillation of MTZ was efficacious for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer with safety and less side effect.So it can be widely used in such patients.

By using microwave extraction, a GC/MS method was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) content in soil which is around the discharge ditch of oily wastewater, and a correlation analysis of the content of organic matter in soil was carried out. The results showed that PAHs in the surface soil pollution were mainly from 2 to 4 rings of low molecular PAHs, and the PAHs with high molecular were not detected. Each sampling point belongs to slight or moderate pollution and the overall assessment is moderate pollution, which is middle and low lever in comparison with soil data of central regions. The origin may be the low molecular PAHs of oil pollution along with the atmospheric transmission, but it cannot be completely excluded the possibility of fuel combustion pollution. No obvious correlation was found between the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic matter.

Purpose:To improve the clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods:161 prostatic neoplasms were evaluated retrospectively according to the clincial manifestations, transrectal palpation, CT scanning, MRI of prostate, blood PSA findings and skeletal scintigraphy.Results:As to the clincial manifestations dysuria occurred in 154(95.6%), retention of urine in 30 (18.6%), hematuria in 56(34.8%), paralyses in 2 (1.3), bone pain or weight loss were noted in 8 (4.9%). On transrectal palpation glandular induration was found in 127(78.9%), irregularity of the prostatic surfase in 47(37.1%) and elevated nodules in 129(73.9%). Ultrasonography showed a prostatic enlargement in 27 (21.1%) high echo in 14 (10.9%), low echo in 58(45.3%). vesical infiltration in 14 (10.9%) and seminal invasion in 11(8.6%); 46 patients underwent prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasound,positive results were found in 42(91.3%). 93 serum PSA findings revealed less than 4 ?g/L in 10 (10.8%), 4～10 ?g/L in 9(9.7%), 10～100 ?g/L in 41(44.1%),more than 100 ?l in 33(35.5%). 108 skeletal scintigraphy revealed normal bone scanning in 22 (20.4%), multiple metastases in 81(75.0%), single suspected lesion in 5 (4.6%). Conclusions:The clinical manifestations together with the imaging, PSA finding, bone scanning etc, all played an important role in the clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Rats model of kidney transplantation are common used in the research of organ transplantation and kidney associated diseases. However,the existed modeling methods have various problems in transplanting time or transplantation effect. OBJECTIVE: To establish a lateral kidney transplantation model with simplity,safty,and high success rate. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The analysis experiment of animal model was performed at the Department of Urology,Fudan University between March and June,2008. MATERIALS: 60 Wistar rats and 60 Sprague Dawley rats were selected as donors and recipients,respectively. METHODS: The left kidney graft was transplanted heterotopically into the left infrarenal position,to perform donor abdominal aorta and left renal vein end-to-side anastomoses to the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The ureter of kidney allograft was inserted into bladder traced by 5-0 needle. Bilateral native kidneys nephrectomy of the recipient was performed immediately. The operation time and survival rate were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transplanting time,warm ischemia time,cold ischemia time,arteriovenous anastomosis and operation time,graft failure rate and reason,survival rates. RESULTS: The operation cost 100-140 minutes. The warm ischemia time was about 8-10 seconds,while the cold ischemia time was 40-60 minutes. Operation achievement ratio is 85%. Reasons of failures were analysed as follows: stenosis of the anastomotic stoma and thrombosis (6.67%),hemorrhage of the anastomotic stoma (5%),infection (1.67%),and unknown reason (1.67%). CONCLUSION: The establish method with advantages of convenience and reliability,which can notably shortened time of warm ischemia of the graft and urinary tract reconstruction and decreased complications.

Objective To determine the prognostic significance of non-thyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS) and FT3 on long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods A total of 1 354 patients underwent coronary angiograhy and participated in the study.After screening,984 patients with CAD were enrolled finally and divided into NTIS group and euthyroid group.The admitted patients were also classified into Tertile 1-3 groups based on FT3 value.The relationship of long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with FT3 was investigated by multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results 129 out of 984 patients had NTIS.As FT3 value decreased,both long-term all-cause mortality (Tertile 1 group 9.6％,Tertile 2 group 11.5％,Tertile 3 group 20.9％,P＜0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (Tertile 1 group 4.5 ％,Tertile 2 group 7.2％,Tertile 3 group 11.0％,P＜0.01) gradually increased.After adjusting for all factors,FT3 (HR =0.614,95％ CI 0.439-0.859)was independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality.FT3 (HR =0.605,95％ CI 0.370-0.986)was also a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality.Conclusion NTIS exists in patients with CAD without myocardial infarction.FT3 reduction is an independent risk factor for long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD.

Objective:To explore the relationship between serum retinol binding protein(RBP)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and possible underlying metabolic mechanisms.Methods:A total of 3384 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized and with complete clinical records at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University between January 2003 and December 2012 were recruited in this retrospective study.Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of serum RBP levels: the first quartile of serum RBP levels(<35 mg/L, 844 cases), the second quartile of serum RBP levels(35 mg/L≤ RBP ≤41 mg/L, 773 cases), the third quartile of serum RBP levels(42 mg/L≤ RBP ≤51 mg/L, 902 cases), and the fourth quartile of serum RBP levels(RBP>51 mg/L, 865 cases). Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected.Differences in the prevalence of MAFLD were compared between the four groups.The association between RBP and MAFLD was analyzed via binary logistic regression.Results:After adjusting for age and sex, the proportion of obesity( χ2=15.222, P<0.01), the percentage using lipid-lowering drugs( χ2=88.552, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure( F=12.002, P<0.01), diastolic blood pressure( F=6.872, P<0.01), waist circumference( F=9.563, P<0.01), waist-hip ratio( F=7.972, P<0.01), body mass index( F=9.057, P<0.01), serum creatinine( χ2=185.445, P<0.01), serum uric acid( χ2=314.691, P<0.01), 24-hour urinary albumin( χ2=91.012, P<0.01), alanine aminotransferase( χ2=17.049, P=0.003), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase( χ2=50.514, P<0.01), total cholesterol( F=45.669, P<0.01), triglycerides( χ2=361.269, P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein( F=8.772, P<0.01), fasting C-peptide( χ2=165.756, P<0.01), 2h postprandial C-peptide( χ2=120.690, P<0.01), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR)( χ2=148.884, P<0.01)in elderly patients with T2DM all showed a clear upward trend.The prevalence of MAFLD also gradually increased across the quartiles of serum RBP levels[26.5%(224/844), 30.1%(233/773), 36.6%(330/902), and 41.8%(362/865)], respectively( χ2=52.526, P<0.01). Elderly T2DM patients with MAFLD had a significantly higher value of HOMA2-IR than those without MAFLD[2.0(1.31-2.8) vs.1.39(0.86-2.06), F=220.826, P<0.01]. After correcting for other confounding factors, binary logistic regression showed that serum RBP was strongly associated with the presence of MAFLD in elderly patients with T2DM( β=0.209, 95% CI: 1.079-1.408, OR=1.232, χ2=9.441, P<0.01). Conclusions:Elevated serum RBP levels are an independent risk factor for the development of MAFLD in elderly T2DM patients, possibly through increased insulin resistance induced by RBP.

Objective To investigate the association of uric acid excretion(UUAE)with obesity and abdominal obesity in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 1175 newly diagnosed T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study from January 2006 to December 2012.According to the quartile of UUAE,they were divided into Q1 group(UUAE＜2383 μmol/24 h,n=295),Q2 group(2383≤UUAE＜2953 μmol/24 h,n=292),Q3 group(2954≤UUAE＜3680 μmol/24 h,n=292)and Q4 group(UUAE＞3680 μmol/24 h,n=293).Clinical data and laboratory examination results were collected,and the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was compared among the four groups.The associations of UUAE with obesity and abdominal obesity were analyzed.Results The prevalence of obesity was 47.9%,while the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 61.9%in the whole study population.After adjusting for age,the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in women than in men(P＜0.05).After adjusting for age and gender,the prevalence of obesity and MS was higher in Q4 group than in Q1,Q2,and Q3 groups(P＜0.05),and the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in Q4 group than in Q1 and Q2 groups(P＜0.05).Compared with Q1 group,the proportion of men,BMI,WC,DBP,FIns,2 hIns,HOMA-IR,TG,ALT,γ-GT,SUA,UAlb in Q4 group increased(P＜0.05),age,HbA1c,HDL-C decreased(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,UUAE was a factor affecting obesity and abdominal obesity.Conclusion UUAE increases the risk of obesity,abdominal obesity and MS in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.UUAE may be used as a simple indicator to assess the risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity and MS in T2DM patients.