Carbon-limited continuous culture was used to study the relationship between the growth of Aspergillus niger and the production of glucoamylase. The result showed that when the specific growth rate was lower than 0.068 h(-1), the production of glucoamylase was growth-associated, when the specific growth rate was higher than 0.068 h(-1), the production of glucoamylase was not growth-associated. Based on the result of continuous culture, the Monod dynamics model of glucose consumption of A. niger was constructed, Combining Herbert-Pirt equation of glucose and oxygen consumption with Luedeking-Piret equation of enzyme production, the black-box model of Aspergillus niger for enzyme production was established. The exponential fed-batch culture was designed to control the specific growth rate at 0.05 h(-1) by using this model and the highest yield for glucoamylase production by A. niger reached 0.127 g glucoamylase/g glucose. The black-box model constructed in this study successfully described the glucoamylase production by A. niger and the result of the model fitted the measured value well. The black-box model could guide the design and optimization of glucoamylase production by A. niger.
Aspergillus niger ; metabolism ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Carbon ; Culture Media ; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis ; Glucose ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Oxygen

Objective To study distribution rules of TCM syndrome characteristics of menopausal syndrome; To provide references for clinical treatment and further study.Methods The articles related to menopausal syndrome in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM and TCMDS during Jun. 1983 to Jun. 2013 were retrieved and analyzed. The original data were input into computer and established the menopausal syndrome literature database. Methods of cluster analysis, factor analysis, and frequency analysis were combined to conduct statistical analysis.Results A total of 270 articles and 730 patients were included in the analysis, including 42 syndromes and 73 symptoms. The four diagnostic information of top 9 syndromes was analyzed by clustering and 5 kinds of basic syndrome types were obtained, including liver and kidney yin deficiency, liver depression, heart-kidney disharmony, heart and spleen deficiency, and spleen and kidney yang deficiency; the core symptoms of each syndrome were extracted by factor analysis and frequency dominance method, and the main points of syndrome differentiations were initially established. Conclusion Three methods combined with relevant expert advice were used to initially establish the syndrome diagnosis of menopause syndrome, which can lay a solid foundation for further study.

Objective To study action mechanism of Shuanghuang Xiaocuo Pills for treatment of rabbit ear acne models. Methods Totally 48 male Japanese white rabbits were divided into blank group, model group, positive medicine group, and Shuanghuang Xiaocuo Pills low, medium, and high dose groups through random number table method. Except for blank group, other groups established rabbit ear acne models. After the models were established, these groups received gavage with relevant medicine, once a day, for 14 days. Then all the rabbit models were under blood sampling. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect contents of IL-8 and TNF-α in serum. Results Compared with blank group, the contents of IL-8 and TNF-αincreased significantly in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, except for Shuanghuang Xiaocuo Pills low dose group, the contents of IL-8 and TNF-αdecreased significantly in other treatment groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Shuanghuang Xiaozuo Pills can treat acne by reducing the contents of IL-8 and TNF-αin serum.

Objective To observe the expression of the polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule ( PSA-NCAM) in the hippocampus of rats after exposure to low intensity ( 16 Hz,90 dB) infrasound for different periods.Methods One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into infrasound exposure and normal groups.The exposure group was tjem further divided into 1 day,7 days,14 days and 21 days exposure groups.After exposure,the rats' brains were removed and an immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the expression of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus after 1,7,14 or 21 days of exposure. Methods The expression of PSA-NCAM had increased significantly after exposure for 7 days. It peaked at 14 days,then had decreased by 21 days,but always remaining higher than in the normal group.After the infrasound exposure had ended,the expression of PSA-NCAM demonstrated a tendency of decrease over time,and the least was on the 21st day.The largest decrease was observed in the 14 days exposure groups. Conclusion 16 Hz,90 dB infrasound can increase the expression of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus,at least in rats.This suggests that low intensity infrasound might initiate recovery of an injured central nervous system.Migration of neural stem cells may aid in the repair of neural injuries resulted from infrasound exposure.

OBJECTIVETo study the tissue culture and plant regeneration technologies and optimizing propagation system in vitro of Rhodiola henryi.

METHODOrthogonal experiment designs were used in the study of Rh. henryi callus induction, shoot formation and rooting, and the data were analyzed by range analysis and variance analysis.

RESULTThe optimal media to induce multiple callus from leaves were MS supplemented with 2,4-D 1.5 mg x L(-1) and 6-BA 0.5 mg x L the effect of the three factors was in sequence of explants > 2,4-D > 6-BA; The optimal media to induce multiple buds from stems were MS supplemented with 6-BA 1.5 mg x L\/1-1 NAA >6-BA; Plantlets were rooted on 1/2MS supplemented with IBA 1.0 mg x L-1, and rooting rate reached to 90% or more and transplant survival rate of plantlet reached 98% or more.

CONCLUSIONAn efficient system for tissue culture and plant regeneration of Rh. henryi was initially established.

Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Regeneration ; drug effects ; Rhodiola ; drug effects ; physiology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Objective:To explore the application effect of problem-originated clinical medical curriculum (PCMC) combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching in clinical practice teaching of gynecological oncology.Methods:Fifty undergraduate medical students in the Department of Gynecology of Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University were randomly divided into 2 groups (experimental group and control group), with 25 students in each group. The experimental group adopted PCMC combined with PBL teaching, and the control group adopted traditional teaching. Taking the students' scores of the subject examination, teaching satisfaction, and teaching effect scores as evaluation indicators. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The theoretical scores of the experimental group and the control group were (97.840±1.930) points and (93.920±2.798) points, respectively. The experimental group was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The practical operation scores of the out-department examination were (96.840±1.930) points and (91.920±2.798) points, and the experimental group was higher than the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.001). The teaching satisfaction of the experimental group and the control group were 100% (25/25) and 76% (19/25) respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The teaching effect score of the experimental group (in improving learning interest, clinical operation ability, theoretical knowledge mastery, theory and practice combination ability, etc.) was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the clinical teaching of gynecological oncology, PCMC combined with PBL teaching has a significant effect, which can promote the all-around development of medical students.

Objective:To explore the application effect of medical humanity quality education teaching mode integrated with humanistic spirit in clinical teaching of gynecology.Methods:Taking 60 undergraduate interns in gynecology department of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital as the experimental research objects, they were divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 students in each group. In clinical practice teaching, the experimental group adopted a teaching mode of integrating humanistic spirit, and the control group adopted a traditional teaching mode. The assessment results, teaching satisfaction and teaching effects were compared among the two groups of students. SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The students in the experimental group had higher scores of gynecological theory examination [(98.90±0.85) points] and the practical examination [(98.80±0.81) points] than the students in the control group had [(93.43±2.22) points and (92.77±2.37) points] ( P < 0.01). The teaching satisfaction of students in the experimental group was 100.00% when they leaving the department, and the satisfaction of teaching in the control group was 83.3%. The satisfaction of teaching in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. After the internship, the experimental group was significantly superior than the control group in learning interest, problem-solving ability, self-learning ability, doctor-patient communication ability, and knowledge expansion ability ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:In the clinical teaching of gynecology, the implementation of personalized teaching and humanistic quality education mode has significantly improved the students' theoretical performance, practical performance and teaching satisfaction. The medical humanistic quality education model integrated with humanistic spirit plays an important role in clinical practice teaching.

PPerimenopausal depression （PMD） is a mental disorder that occurs in women before and after menopause. It has become a major public health problem posing a threat to the health of perimenopausal women due to its high incidence， low prevalence， low diagnostic rate， and recurrent episodes. The pathogenesis of PMD is complex and mainly involves the aging of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian （HPO） axis， which leads to abnormal fluctuations in reproductive hormones， inflammation and cascade reactions， and oxidative stress. Currently， there are no specific pharmacological interventions for PMD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as a treasure of motherland medicine， integrates thousands of years of TCM experience and wisdom and has the advantages of holistic regulation， low toxicity， and mild adverse reactions in the prevention and treatment of PMD. In recent years， more and more studies have been conducted on the active ingredients， extracts， and compound formulas of TCM for treating PMD via multi-components and multi-directions， achieving fruitful results. A large number of studies have shown that TCM treats PMD by reducing inflammation， inhibiting oxidation， and modulating monoamine neurotransmitter levels， which mainly involve NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/hemeoxygenase-1 （HO-1）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） and other signaling pathways. This article reviews the clinical and basic studies about TCM treatment of PMD to analyzes the pathogenesis of PMD and the therapeutic targets of TCM， aiming to provide basic theoretical support and new approaches for the TCM treatment of PMD.

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement eff ects and its mech anism of Guiyuan decoction formula granules （GDFG） on model mice with decreased ovarian reserve （DOR）. METHODS ：Totally 42 female ICR mice whith with normal estrous cycle were randomly divided into control group ，model group ，estradiol valerate group （positive control ，0.15 mg/kg）and GDFG low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.75，1.49，2.98 g/kg），with 7 mice in each group. Except for control group ，other groups were given cisplatin （3 mg/kg）intraperitoneally to establish DOR model. After modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically；model group and control group were given normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 4 weeks. After last administration ，ELISA assay was used to measure the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）in mice. Histopathological morphology of ovarian was observed by HE staining. Protein distribution of AMH receptor Ⅱ（AMHRⅡ）and Smad 4 in ovarian tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of AMHR Ⅱ and Smad 4 were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS ：Compared with control group ，theserum level of AMH ，the expression of AMHR Ⅱ and Smad 4 protein in ovarian tissue in model group were significantly decreased （P＜0.01），while the FSH level in serum was significantly increased （P＜0.01）；follicles were crumpled and lost nucleus ，ovarian interstitial were fibrosis ，luteum were loose ； AMHRⅡ and Smad 4 protein in ovarian tissue were mainly distributed in the follicle membrane and ovarian interstitial. Compared with model group ，the serum level of AMH ，the expression of AMHR Ⅱ and Smad 4 protein in ovarian tissue was increased significantly in GDFG groups （P＜0.01），while the serum level of FSH was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；in ovarian tissue ，follicles at all levels could be found and follicle morphology was improved ，and no obvious nuclear loss and cumulus formation were found ；AMHRⅡ and Smad 4 protein were mainly distributed in the follicular nucleus （except for GDFG high-dose group) and the granular cell membrane （mainly distributed in the sinus follicles of GDFG medium-dose group ）；they were slightly distributed around the mature follicular nucleus or in corpus luteum. CONCLUSIONS ：GDFG can improve ovarian function of DOR model mice. The mechanism may be related with promoting serum level of AMH ，protein expression of AMHR Ⅱ and Smad 4，improving the distribution of AMHR Ⅱ and Smad 4 protein in ovarian granulosa cell membrane and follicular nucleus ， reducing FSH levels.