Objective To search for the anticancer active substance from Caesalpinia sappan wood extractions. Methods Crude extracts were extracted from Caesalpinia sappan wood with different solvents.Liquid chromatography was applied to analyze the content of each essential component in the extraction fractions. Trypan blue exclusion test was performed to detect the growth suppression rate of human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 treated by the extraction fractions at different time course (20,40,60,80,100 min).The main component positively correlated with the cell suppression rate was separated out using repeated chromatography, thus the anticancer active monomer was obtained, with purity over 98 ％. The chemical constitution was determined using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), mass spectrum and infrared spectrum methods. T24 cell line, human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, mice sarcoma S180 and hepatic carcinoma H22 cell were chosen as target subjects, with mitomycin, hydroxycamptothecin as positive control drug, the inhibitory activity of the monomer was tested by trypan blue chromophobia method. Results Among the extraction fractions, R12 has a positive correlation with the cell suppression rate (r100 min=0.941, P＜0.001).Brazilin is the key component in R12.The inhibition rate of brazilin could reach 90.89 ％,98.65 ％,99.82 ％ and 100.00 ％ on T24,SKOV3,S180 and H22 respectively in 40 min at the concentration of 1.2 mg/ml,and its effect is much superior to that of the control drug mitomycin and hydroxycamptothecin. Conclusion Brazilin is one of the essential anticancer principles in Caesalpinia sappan wood.

Objective To observe the effects of brazilin on proliferation and apoptosis in T24 cells.Methods Trypan blue exclusion test was performed to detect the inhibition of brazilin on the growth of T24 cell lines in vitro cultured within different time.After exposure to different concentrations of brazilin,homogeneous bioluminescence assay was used to detect the inhibitory action of brazilin,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activity on T24 cells.Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.Results Brazilin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of T24 cells after 8 hours,the inhibitory rates of the brazilin at concentration of 25,50,100,200 μg/ml against T24 cells respectively were 43.19 ％,60.73 ％,86.38 ％ and 93.89 ％ (P ＜ 0.05).After exposured to 50 μg/ml of brazilin,the inhibition ration to T24 cells increased with time prolonging (52.72 ％ in 4 h,60.73 ％ in 8 h,91.77 ％ in 24 h,96.41％ in 48 h) (P ＜ 0.05).The activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 increased slightly when brazilin was at 25 μg/ml,but there was no statistical differences compared with that in the control group (P ＞ 0.05).When cells were treated with an increase of the concentration of brazilin from range of 7.5-60 μg/ml for 16 hours,the apoptosis ratio in turn showed a upward trend of 0.15 ％,1.35 ％,2.91％,34.76 ％.It could be seen by laser scanning confocal microscope that the apoptosis occurred in the cells.Conclusion Brazilin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of T24 cells and induce apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner.

Objective To establish a stable animal model of transplanted human colorectal cancer.Methods BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into orthotopic colorectal model group and subcutaneous inoculation model group by random number table,and separately inoculated with 0.1 ml human colon cancer cell HCT116 under the density of 2×107/ml into the orthotopic colorectal (with the self-made inoculator) and right forelimb pit subcutaneously.The mice were observed for 60 days to compare the tumor formation and tumor growth in the two groups.Results The tumor formation rate of all 18 animals was 100 ％ (18/18) in the orthotopic colorectal group.The average tumor weight was (2.78±1.86) g and the average survival time was (45.00±11.99) d.The tumor formation rate was 27.78 ％ (5/18) in the subcutaneous inoculation group.The average tumor weight was (1.74±0.82) g,and the average survival time was (60.00±0.00) d.Conclusion 0.1 ml (2×107/ml) human colon cancer cell suspension HCT116 inoculated into BALB/c nude mice orthotopic colorectal with self-made inoculator could establish human colorectal cancer animal model successfully.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI) after traumatic brain injury. Methods The medical records of 127 patients with traumatic brain injury (n=49 in PHI group and n=78 in non-PHI group) were reviewed. The relationship between PHI and influencing factors including sex, age, Glasgow coma scale, time from injury to first CT, traumatic subaraehnoid hemorrhage (tSAH), prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) was analyzed. Results The time for first CT was(1.39± 1.27) h in PHI group and (2.91±1.85) h in non-PHI group (t=2.14, P<0.05). 35 cases of PHI group developed tSAH and 37 of non-PHI group developed tSAH (χ2=7.06, P<0.05). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that the time for first brain CT after injury and the patients accompanied with tSAH were associated with PHI after traumatic brain injury (OR=0.558,95 % CI 0.329-0.946, OR=13.000,95 % CI 1.187-142.354, P<0.05 for each). Conclusions Time from injury to first CT and tSAH can be prognostic factors for PHI.

Objective To compare the inhibitory effects to mice ascitic hepatoma (HepA) among hematoxylin,mitomycin,cisplatin,hydroxycamptothecine and other medicine in celiac chemotherapeutic route,probing into the credibility of hematoxylin in celiac chemotherapy.Methods Mice ascitic HepA model was set up by celiac inoculation of HepA strains.24 h after the inoculation,intraperitoneal administration was done,then raising the mice as routine.Their body weights were measured regularly,living quality observed,mean survival times compared among these groups.Having repeated the above experiment three tines,T/C values obtained in the three experiments were compared one another.Results The awerage survival time of mice of control group (inoculated but no medicine used) was 15.99-16.33 d; that of hematoxylin group was 36.35-39.81 d; that of mitomycin gro.up was 35.77-40.06 d; that of hydroxycamptothecine survived 20.79-38.47 d; and that of cisplatin group was 32.98-41.89 d.A comprehensive comparison showed that mitomycin group and hematoxylin group had better effects.Conclusion Hematoxylin in celiac chemotherapy has an outstanding effect to the mice's transplanted HepA,no significant difference with mitomycin.However,hydroxycamptothecine and cisplatin are not good enough.

Objective To observe the immunological effect of tumor cell vaccines to mouse hepatoma A(HepA) treated by Haematoxylin. Methods HepA cell was treated by 0.1% Haematoxylin and made into three vaccines: HepA vaccine with complete Freund' s adjuvant, HepA vaccine with incomplete Freund' s adjuvant; and HepA vaccine without any adjuvants. Five times of immunization were given the grouped mice with the above three vaccines, then active HepA cells (1×105 for each mouse) were inoculated by intraperitoneal injection to attack them; reckoning the mean survival time (MST) of the grouped mice, comparing the immunoprotective action of the three vaccines to the tmnor-bearing mice. Those mice only receiving normal saline (equal volume to the vaccine) were as a control group. Results MST of control group was (23.30±1.24) day; MST of mice receiving H22 vaccine with complete adjuvant was (43.90±15.20) day (P<0.02); MST of mice receiving H22 vaccine with incomplete adjuvant was (39.60±13.77) day (P<0.05); and MST of mice receiving HepA vaccine without any adjuvant was (38.40±12.54) day (P<0.05); As compared with the control group, the three treated groups showed a life-lengthening rate (LLR) 88.41%, 69.96 % and 64.81% respectively. Conclusion The vaccines treated by Haematoxylin give a marked immunoprotective action to those tumor-bearing mice. The HepA vaccine' s immunological effect is increased by the Freund' s adjuvant (complete or incomplete).

Objective To investigate the characteristic,diagnosis,clinical staging, treatment and clinical prognosis of occult breast carcinoma (OBC). Method Forty-six cases of OBC were analyzed retrospectively with the clinical and follow-up information that were confirmed by postoperative pathologic diagnosis from November 1981 to November 2005. Results All patients showed axillary node enlargement as the first sign and were operated.The operation included axillary node excision in 2 patients,radical mastec-tomy or modified radical mastectomy in 44 patients. Forty-five cases got follow-up for 1-22 years,33 cases had existed 3 years,18 cases had existed 5 years,8 cases had existed 10 years. Conclusions For axillary mass which causes are uncertain ,the possibility of OBC should be considered .Meanwhile excision and pathological examination is necessary.The metastatic histological structure and immunohistochemical index of the axillary nodes usually provide important clue for the source of this tumor.Radical or modified mastectomy is the best method, and pest-operative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should be done. It has been showed that targeted therapy is very important to breast cancer with C-erbB-2 positive recently.To the cases that neck lymphatic metastasis is M4G3 positive by immunohistochemical examination and no primary focus clinically, the diagnosis of OBC should be considered. The cases without primary focus have better prognosis than those with primary focus.

75dB SPL or no response. RESULTS The individual differences of CM absolute amplitudes among the normal hearing ones at different frequencies are distinct, but bilateral CM amplitudes in same person are almost uniform and stable. Enlargedand prolongated CM was found in ears with loudness recruitment .Of 104 cases with unilateral hearing loss, CM were enlarged and prolongated at corresponding frequencies with loudness recruitment in 95 cases(91.3 %).The prognosis of cases with CM type Ⅰ was better than those with types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The effective rates of treatment were 78.19 % in type Ⅰ , 2.5 % in type Ⅱ, and none in type Ⅲ. There were significant differences among them. CM was slightly enlarged during sleep, and the detected threshold of CM is less than that of the awake condition. CONCLUSION CM offers the reliable information for the mechanism of loudness recruitment and is also useful for understanding the relationship among loudness recruitment, cochlear microphonics and prognosis. CM may be taken as a valuable parameter for evaluating prognosis.

Objective To provide theoretic support for preventing traumatic arterial and venous cerebral infarction after craniocerebral trauma by probing into the related risk factors.Methods The clinical data of 154 pateints with moderate or severe craniocerebral trauma treated by decompressive craniectomy were studied retrospectively.Univariate analysis was carried out on 13 related factors including gender,age,Glasgow Coma Score(GCS)on admission,pupil status,morphological changes of ambient cisterns,brain midline,associated injury,blood pressure,traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,platelet count,plasma D-dimer value,dosage of dehydrating agent and perioperative fluid balance.Then,the logistic multiple regression analysis was made on significant indexes with SPSS 10.0.Results Univariate analysis showed that seven factors including pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline were significantly correlated with traumatic arterial cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05)and that three factors including traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury were significantly correlated with traumatic venous cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multi-factors regression analysis showed that mydriasis and hypotension might be the independent risk factor of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction and that traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury might be the independent risk factors of traumatic venous cerebral infarction.Conclusion The pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline are the risk factors of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction,with mydriasis and hypotension as independent risk factors.Traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury are the risk factors of raumatic venous cerebral infarction,with traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury as independent risk factor.

Objective To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults.Methods A total of 27020 Chinese adults aged 35 to 74years were enrolled in this prospective cohort study.Frequency or type of alcohol consunption was assessed in 1998 and 2000.Follow-up study on MS was conducted during 2007 and 2008.Results Over an average 8years' follow-up,2362 MS patients were identified among 14 572 individuals who did not have MS at baseline.After adjustment for age,location,education level,physical activity,cigarette smoking,body mass index and the number of MS components,compared with non-drinkers,relative risk ( RR ( 95％ confidence interval (CI))) and the Population Attributable Risk Percent (PARP) of MS of male drinkers was 1.24( 1.06 to 1.45 ) and 10.13％,respectively.RR (95 ％ CI) of MS was 1.36 ( 1.02 to 1.82 ),1.34 ( 1.03 to 1.74) and 1.41 (1.13 to 1.77) for male drinkers consuming alcohol 10.1 -20 g/d,20.1 -40 g/d,and ＞40 g/d.RR(95％ CI) of MS was 1.25 ( 1.01 to 1.55) for males drinking 2 -5 times/week and 1.26(1.04 to 1.52) for males drinking ≥6 times/week.RR (95％ CI) of MS was 1.60 ( 1.05 to 2.45),1.30(1.02 to 1.65) and 1.27 (1.06 to 1.52) for beer,liquor and the beer + liquor male consumers.The corresponding RR(95％ CI) was 2.67(1.26 to 5.65) and 3.38 (1.35 to 4.22) for female drinkers consuming alcohol 10.1 -20 g/d and ＞20 g/d.Conclusions Drinking alcohol more than 10 g/d may be associated with an increasing risk of MS,especially for women.Drinking more than twice per week,beer and/or liquor consumption can significantly increase the risk of MS in men.