Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a chronic liver disease with complex and diverse pathogenesis， and there is no effective treatment or specific drugs for its clinical treatment. In recent years， its incidence has been on the rise， and it has become the earnest expectation of medical researchers in China and abroad that related patients could be treated. AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） functions to regulate cellular energy homeostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. When activated， it has a good intervention effect on NAFLD progression with lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondrial homeostasis disorders. For NAFLD， the activation of AMPK can inhibit the production of new lipogenesis in the liver， promote the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver， and enhance the mitochondrial function of adipose tissues. As a key target of metabolic diseases， AMPK can also improve apoptosis， liver fibrosis， autophagy， and inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is good at treating diseases from multiple targets and multiple pathways and is also commonly used in the treatment of chronic liver disease in clinical practice. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on NAFLD have shown that TCM monomers have good prospects for the treatment of NAFLD through the AMPK signaling pathway， including glycosides， phenols， alkaloids， flavonoids， quinones， terpenoids， and lignans， which are natural activators of AMPK. This study reviewed the research progress on TCM monomers in regulating the AMPK pathway to prevent and treat NAFLD， providing a broader perspective for TCM treatment of NAFLD.

Objective:To investigate the clinical experience of using orbital fat pedicle to correct eyebags with the tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021, 35 patients with lower blepharoplasty combined with orbital fat-release were treated in the Facial and Neck Plastic Surgery Center of the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, including 4 males and 31 females. Their age ranged from 35 to 63 years, with an average age of 47.5 years. Different degrees of lower eyelid skin laxity, orbital fat herniation, moderate and severe tear trough, palpebromalar groove deformity were observed in all patients. Preoperative examination showed no symptoms such as lower eyelid ectropion and lower eyelid retreat ment. All 35 patients were treated with transcutaneous incision blepharoplasty, in which the orbital septal fat was released, pulled downward and internally fixed to the appropriate position to fill the tear trough and palpebromalar groove.Results:All patients obtained primary healing, no complications such as hematoma, and infection occured. Postoperative follow-up lasted from 3 to 18 months, with an average of 8.6 months. 35 patients′ eye bags with tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity were obviously alleviated. Unilateral mild eye bag remained in 2 patients in postoperative 1 month, and 2 cases appeared mild lower eyelid ectropion postoperatively, none of these patients received special treatment and recovered after 3 months.Conclusions:Lower blepharoplasty combined with orbital fat release can effectively repair eye bags and correct tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of image navigation technology in endoscopic skull base surgery.

METHODSThis study consisted of 75 patients who underwent the endoscopic operations with the help of the image navigation system by the same surgeon between March 2010 and March 2013. The time to prepair image navigation system, identifying anatomical structure, complications, tumor resection, and follow-up results were analysed.

RESULTSThe application of image navigation technology in the endoscopic skull base operations was both safe and reliable for delineation of tumors and identification of vital structures hidden or encased by the tumors, such as internal carotid artery, optic canal, comb, saddle bottom, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen lacerum, jugular foramen, cerebral dura mater. The tumor was removed completely, subtotally, or partially. All patients were successfully registered with accuracy, and the preoperative time was 8-15 minutes for preparation, 11 minutes in average. The target error was less than or equal to 1.5 mm. With guidance of the image navigation system, all patients were successfully operated on without serious complication. There were 13 cases with anterior skull base tumor, all were removed completely. There were 28 cases with sella region tumor, 21 totally resected, 7 subtotally resected. There were 20 cases with petroclival region tumor, 12 totally resected, 5 subtotally resected, 3 partially resected. There were 14 cases with pterygopalatine fossa and/or infratemporal fossa region tumor, 11 totally resected, 3 subtotally resected. All patients were available for follow-up (mean = 26 months) except 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONImage navigation technology can be applied in endoscopic skull base operations with advantages of accurately locating, clearly marking, significantly decreasing incidence of complications, and maximally removing the lesions.

Carotid Artery, Internal ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; Skull Base ; surgery ; Temporal Bone