Objective To summarize the experience in microsurgical treatment of multiple intracranial aneurysms.Method Eight patients with 17 aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seven patients were followed uq from 0.5 month to 10 years. According to Student's standard, the results in 5 patients were excellent and 2 good. One patients with bilateral PCom aneurysm died 1 week after operation.Conclusions Multiple intracranial aneurysms should be removed as soon as possible, especially bilateral ones. The best way is first to clip the bled aneurysm and then the contra lateral one by using coronal incision and bilateral pterional approach. The approach has the advantage of minimal invasion, good exposure, and less time-consuming.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the quality grade of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta seedlings from Gansu and provide the scientific basis for establishment of the seedling quality classification standard.

METHODThirty batches of C. pilosula var. modesta seedlings collected from varied producing area of Gansu were selected as testing materials, the fresh weight of single plant, water content, length of seedling, diameter of seedling, length of bud and number of buds were determined and the grading standard were systemically analyzed by K-Means Cluster.

RESULTThe C. pilosula var. modesta seedlings could be divided into 3 grades of criteria, i. e. the first-grade seedlings were at least 14.1 g of the fresh weight of seedling, 24.0 cm of length of seedling, 1.17 cm of diameter of seedling; the second-grade seedlings were 14.0-3.5 g of the fresh weight of seedling, 23.9-21.6 cm of length of seedling, 1. 16-0. 68 cm of diameter of seedling; the third-grade seedlings were 3.4-1.9 g of the fresh weight of seedling, 21.5-13.5 cm of length of seedling, 0.67-0.54 cm of diameter of seedling.

CONCLUSIONAmong 30 batches of C. pilosula var. modesta seedlings, 66.7% of the seedlings belonged to the first and the second grades. It suggests that the first and the second grade seedlings should be used in the standard production.

China ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development