Objective To investigate the role of NF-κB pathway in the development of intrathecal(IT)platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Methods Sixty-four male SD rats (200-250 g) in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted without complications were randomly divided into 6 groups:group Ⅰ received artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF) 10 μl IT (n = 16); group Ⅱ received PAF 10 μg in ACSF 10 μl IT; group Ⅲ received 0.1% DMSO 2 ml intraperitoneally (IP) (n = 8); group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ received IP SC-514 (a selective IKK-β inhibitor) 10, 50, 100 mg/kg in 0.1% DMSO 2 ml respectively at 2 h before IT PAF. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimuli (PWTL) were measured before (baseline) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 min and then every 30 min for another 4 h after IT administration. The animals were killed after the last pain threshold measurement at 5 h after IT PAF. The lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of TNF-α and IL-lβ content (by ELISA).Results lntrathecal PAF induced tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia rapidly, increased the expression of TNF-α and IL-lβ in lumbar spinal cord. Pretreatment with SC-514 attenuated PAF-induced hyperalgesia and inhibited the increase in TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the spinal cord. Conclusion NF-κB is involved in intrathecal PAF-induced hyperalgesia.

0.05).Left ventricular mass index and the apoptotic rate of cardiac muscle cells were decreased in low-and high-dose herbal medicine groups(P

The possible mechanism of inhalation anesthetics on the internal auditory impairment of the rat was investigated by determining the effect of nitrous oxide (N20) and isoflurane on the total RNA yield from the cochlea of the rats. Thirty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group C (control group, n=10) with a 3-h unremitting inhalation of 50% O2 group N (ex-periment group, n= 10) with a continuous inhalation of 50% N2O+50% O2for 3 h, and group I (ex-periment group, n=10) with a 3-h sustained inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane. The TRIzol in combination with RNeasy was used to respectively extract the total RNA from cochlea of rats in the 3 groups. Spectrophotometry was used to detect total RNA yield and electrophoresis to detect the quality. The total RNA extracted from the cochlea of the rats in the groups C and N was 7.69 and 6.51 μg, respec- tively. There was a 15% decrease in the N group as compared with group C. The total RNA from the rats in the group I was 7.32 μg, and there was hardly any change in the group as compared with the group C. The value of A260/A280 in groups C, N and I was 2.07, 2.04 and 2.04, respectively, showing a very high RNA purity. The result of gel electrophoresis suggested that there was no degradation in the total RNA. It was suggested that the interference of N2O on the cochlear RNA yield might be one of the reasons which cause an injury of the ear. The isoflurane shows no harm on the heating.

Objective To compare the value of Child-Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, MELD combined with serum sodium concentration (MELD-Na) score, CLIF Consortium Acute Decompensation (CLIF-C AD) score, and Freiburg index of post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) survival (FIPS) score in predicting the survival of patients undergoing TIPS. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 447 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent TIPS in several hospitals in southwest China, among whom there were 306 patients in the survival group and 62 in the death group. The scores of the above five models were calculated, and a survival analysis was performed based on these models. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a multivariate Cox regression analysis was used for correction analysis of known influencing factors with statistical significance which were not included in the scoring models; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of each model in identifying risks in the surgical population, and the log-rank test was used for analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C-index at different time points, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of each scoring model. Results Compared with the death group, the survival group had significantly lower age ( Z =2.884, P < 0.05), higher albumin ( t =3.577, P < 0.05), and Na + ( Z =-3.756, P < 0.05) and significantly lower proportion of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis ( χ 2 =22.674, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z =2.141, P < 0.05), prothrombin time ( Z =2.486, P < 0.05), international normalized ratio ( Z =2.429, P < 0.05), total bilirubin ( Z =3.754, P < 0.05), severity of ascites ( χ 2 =14.186, P < 0.05), and scores of the five models (all P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that all scoring models effectively stratified the prognostic risk of the patients undergoing TIPS. Comparison of the C-index of each scoring model at different time points showed that Child-Pugh score had the strongest ability in predicting postoperative survival, followed by MELD-Na score, MELD score, and CLIF-C AD score, and FIPS score had a relatively poor predictive ability; in addition, the prediction efficiency of each score gradually decreased over time. Child-Pugh score had the largest AUC of 0.832 in predicting 1-year survival rate after surgery, and MELD-Na score had the largest AUC of 0.726 in predicting 3-year survival rate after surgery, but FIPS score had a poor ability in predicting 1- and 3-year survival rates. Conclusion All five scoring models can predict the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis after TIPS and can provide effective stratification of prognostic risk for such patients. Child-Pugh score has a better ability in predicting short-term survival, while MELD-Na score has a better ability in predicting long-term survival, but FIPS score has a relatively poor predictive ability in predicting both short-term and long-term survival.