1.Lateral skull base surgical approach and neuroendoscope in lateral skull base surgery
Baocheng GAO ; Yongfa ZHANG ; Jinsong OUYANG ; Bai TAI ; Jianhua ZHAO ; Liangxue ZHOU
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine 2018;17(12):1287-1289
Due to the deep anatomical location which is adjacent to the important organization, the operation on the diseases of lateral skull base area is still a challenging problem for neurosurgeons. This article briefly describes the history of the lateral skull base surgical approaches, advantages and disadvantages of each approach, indication and relative contraindication, and enumerates the application of neuroendoscope in the corresponding area, so as to offer help to choose the appropriate surgical approach according to the clinical characteristics; the application prospect of neuroendoscope in the relevant regions is discussed.
2.Generation of genetic modified pigs devoid of GGTA1 and expressing the human leukocyte antigen-G5.
Xiaoqing ZHOU ; Yu LIU ; Chengcheng TANG ; Lingyin CHENG ; Shuwen ZHENG ; Yuling ZHENG ; Min CHEN ; Huaqiang YANG ; Qingjian ZOU ; Liangxue LAI
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2022;38(3):1096-1111
Pigs are considered as ideal donors for xenotransplantation because they have many physiological and anatomical characteristics similar to human beings. However, antibody-mediated immunity, which includes both natural and induced antibody responses, is a major challenge for the success of pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Various genetic modification methods help to tailor pigs to be appropriate donors for xenotransplantation. In this study, we applied transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) to knock out the porcine α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase gene GGTA1, which encodes Gal epitopes that induce hyperacute immune rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Meanwhile, human leukocyte antigen-G5 gene HLA-G5, which acts as an immunosuppressive factor, was co-transfected with TALEN into porcine fetal fibroblasts. The cell colonies of GGTA1 biallelic knockout with positive transgene for HLA-G5 were chosen as nuclear donors to generate genetic modified piglets through a single round of somatic cell nuclear transfer. As a result, we successfully obtained 20 modified piglets that were positive for GGTA1 knockout (GTKO) and half of them expressed the HLA-G5 protein. Gal epitopes on the cell membrane of GTKO/HLA-G5 piglets were completely absent. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that HLA-G5 was expressed in the modified piglets. Functionally, the fibroblasts from the GTKO/HLA-G5 piglets showed enhanced resistance to complement-mediated lysis ability compared with those from GTKO-only or wild-type pigs. These results indicate that the GTKO/HLA-G5 pigs could be a valuable donor model to facilitate laboratory studies and clinics for xenotransplantation.
Animals
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Animals, Genetically Modified
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Gene Knockout Techniques
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HLA Antigens
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Humans
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Nuclear Transfer Techniques
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Swine
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Transplantation, Heterologous