Moxibustion is one of the important contents of Buddhist medicine. Buddhist medicine considers that besides mugwort leaves, corresponding moxibustion materials can be used in accordance with patient’s condition. Using papaya moxibustion for cramp is a good example. In addition, Buddhist medicine proposes meditative moxibustion, that is, using the fire of visualization and the flame of ideas to treat diseases. This article has a discussion from four aspects: combination of acupuncture and moxibustion to complement each other, treatment of diseases by moxibustion plus other methods, use of meditative moxibustion as a way to treat diseases and unique monk-derived moxibustion.

Objective To understand the pathogen spectrum and epidemic status of major human parasites in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,so as to provide the evidence for parasitic diseases control. Methods The survey sites were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method. The intestinal helminthic eggs were detected by Kato?Katz technique. The trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa were detected by saline smear and iodine staining methods. The eggs of Enterubius vermicularis of chil?dren from 3 to 6 years old were detected by the cellophane anal swab method. The species of hookworm were identified by the fil?ter paper strip culture method. Results A total of 7 031 people were detected with the intestinal helminthic infective rate of 1.83%(129 cases). The major parasite was hookworm and there was a statistically significant difference of the infection rates among various parasites(c2=107.77,P<0.01). All the hookworm larvae were Necator americanus. No intestinal protozoon was detected. There were statistically significant differences of the infection rates among the counties(c2=25.77,P<0.01). The age of the patients was mainly focused on 30 and above years old and the infection rate was increased with the growth of age(c2=26.21,P<0.01). Farmers were the main population of the patients and there was a statistically significant difference of the in?fection rates between farmer and others(c2=29.67,P<0.01). Conclusions The infection rates of parasites are low and hook?worm is the main parasite in the pathogen spectrum in Chenzhou City. However,the infection factors still exist,therefore,effec?tive and scientific measures should be taken to consolidate the achievement.

Chinese yew is a medicinal plant which has the largest planted area, better economic effects and ecological benefits in our country. People have insufficient appreciation of centuries-old historical document and abundant cultural connotation of Chinese yew, because Chinese yew had no name in ancient times and some expressions of western countries are still cited at present. Therefore, this paper did a great deal of analysis and reference works focusing on synonym and byname of ancient Chinese yew. Excavation and classification of historical documents of Chinese yew from ancient classics and bibliography had been done by studying 3 503 books, about billions of words been recorded in the Si Ku Quan Shu. These researches made up for simple and inadequate contents of many large tool books, like Chinese materia medica and traditional Chinese medicine, and so on. At the same time, in order to change the situation of no name, uncertain channel tropism, irregular functions of Chinese yew, its property and flavor, channel tropism, effects and functions had been summarized. History of the tumor treatment of Chinese yew had been traced back to the time of Tang Dynasty and this was almost 1 200 years earlier than western countries.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Taxus

[Objective]To explore the influence of WANG Yangming's theory of mind in the Ming Dynasty on ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression.[Methods]With the help of historical literature research methods of distinguishing academic chapters and examining the origin and development of mirror studies,this study aims to sort out ZHANG Jingyue's grand perspective based on the ontology,physical application,and cultivation of Yangming's theory of mind,establishes a new theory of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of depression,and elucidates the inheritance and development of ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression on Yangming's theory of mind.[Results]The core issues of Yangming's theory of mind were the relationship between human mind and emotions,as well as the relationship between emotion and mood.ZHANG Jingyue established a theory of depression diagnosis and treatment that combined emotion and mood,illness due to depression,discussed depression from deficiency,and treated depression through knowledge and action,reflecting his medical thinking's inheritance and development of Yangming's theory of mind.[Conclusion]Based on the analysis of the origin and development of Yangming's theory of mind,it can be concluded that ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression inherits and exerts the profound meaning of Yangming's theory of mind,develops and constructs a highly innovative theory for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine,and analyzes his thought of treating depression under the approach of Yangming's theory of mind,which is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective]To study the profound connection between ZHU Danxi's theory of emotions and Confucianism,elucidate its unique ideological context and origins with Confucian medical characteristics,and expand the research ideas of ZHU Danxi's theory.[Methods]Based on the cultural and ideological background of ZHU Danxi's era,through literature review and comprehensive analysis of cultural thought,this paper sorts out the internal connection between ZHU Danxi's emotional theory and Confucian thought,elucidates the profound influence of Confucianism on ZHU Danxi's medical theory,explores the development and construction process of ZHU Danxi's Confucian medical thought,and elaborates the Confucian medical thought context of ZHU Danxi's emotional theory from three levels:ontology,application theory and cultivation theory.[Results]Confucianism,as an important cultural background of the times,had influenced the development and construction of ZHU Danxi's Confucian medical thought.ZHU Danxi inherited and exerted the profound ideas of Confucianism's ontology and great use,style and cultivation,and human mind and desire,advocating mutual fire as the source of emotions,elucidating the six depression analyses of emotional disorders,practicing cultivation to guide emotional regulation,and construct a unique emotional theory with Confucian medical characteristics.[Conclusion]ZHU Danxi's theory of emotion reflects a clear ideological context and source characteristics of Confucian medicine.His assistance to Confucianism and establishment of a new Confucian medical style has promoted the development of Confucian medicine in later generations and is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Peiyuan Kangai Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of advanced liver cancer with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From May 2019 to May 2021, 162 advanced liver cancer patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in Shizhong District Cancer Hospital of Leshan were randomly divided into three groups by random drawing method, with 54 in each group. All patients were given FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen. Based on the chemotherapy, the 1st control group was given Peiyuan Kangai Decoction, and the 2nd control group was given acupuncture therapy, and the combined group was given decoction and acupuncture therapy. All three groups were treated for 6 weeks. Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome score was performed before and after treatment, Piper fatigue scale was used to evaluate the fatigue degree of patients. Vimentin (VIM), Golgi transmembrane glycoprotein 73 (GP73) and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were determined by ELISA. The adverse reactions during treatment were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The combined group showed the response rate was 61.11% (33/54), the disease control rate was 72.22% (39/54), the 1st control group showed the response rate was 40.74% (22/54), the disease control rate was 53.70% (29/54), and the 2nd control group showed the response rate was 38.89% (21/54), and the disease control rate was 51.85% (28/54). The response rate and disease control rate of the combined group were significantly higher than either the control group 1 and 2 ( χ2 values were 6.59, 5.68, respectively, and P values were 0.037, 0.043, respectively). After treatment, the scores of liver swelling and pain, fatigue and shortness of breath, anorexia, sallow and emaciation in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group 1 and the control group 2 ( F values were 13.90, 15.69, 13.20, 10.55, respectively, P<0.01); the scores of emotions, feeling, behavior and cognition were significantly lower than those in the control group 1 and control group 2 ( F values were 49.55, 27.42, 19.69, 20.55, respectively, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of serum VIM [(52.54±6.69) ng/L vs. (61.29±7.89) ng/L, (65.11±7.92) ng/L, F=39.63], GP73 [(19.72±3.90) ng/L vs. (24.42±4.23) ng/L, (25.12±4.76) ng/L, F=25.05], CXCL1 [(3.12±0.72) ng/L vs. (4.85±0.95) ng/L, (4.98±0.91) ng/L, F=77.67] in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group 1 and the control group 2 ( P<0.01). During the treatment, the incidence of toxic and side effects in the combined group was 18.52% (10/54), the control group 1 was 27.78% (15/54), and the control group 2 was 24.07% (13/54). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of toxic and side effects among the three groups ( χ2=1.31, P=0.520). Conclusion:On the basis of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, combined therapy with Peiyuan Kangai Decoction and acupuncture treatment can improve the symptoms and fatigue of patients with advanced liver cancer, reduce the levels of serum VIM, GP-73, CXCL1, improve the efficacy safely.

[Objective]To explore the clinical experience of ZHU Danxi,a doctor of Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine,on the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-related diseases.[Methods]By means of literature research and data mining,the treatment database of ZHU Danxi in phlegm syndrome was constructed,and his clinical thoughts were summarized from the aspects of pathogenic factors,pathogenesis,treatment and prescriptions.[Results]According to ZHU Danxi,the pathogenesis of phlegm syndrome was mainly related to stagnation of Qi activity,the etiology was related to external contraction of six excesses,internal injury of seven emotions,improper diet.Phlegm syndrome was divided into hot phlegm,wet phlegm,food phlegm,cold phlegm,wind phlegm,old phlegm,etc.ZHU Danxi determined the different treatment principles such as clearing heat and resolving phlegm,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,resolving phlegm to remove stagnancy,warming and resolving cold-phlegm,dispelling wind and resolving phlegm,moistening dryness and resolving phlegm and so on.Phlegm wss easy to knot with stasis,so it was commonly used to remove phlegm and remove stasis.According to the site of the phlegm syndrome,ZHU Danxi used different herbs and methods of vomiting and purging,treating both symptoms and root causes,starting from the spleen,lung and liver meridian,and basing on Erchen Decoction.ZHU Danxi used phlegm-eliminating herbs,spleen strengthening herbs,Qi-regulating herbs and heat-clearing herbs.[Conclusion]ZHU Danxi's experience in treatment of phlegm related diseases is fully effective,and the principles,methods,and prescriptions for preventing and treating phlegm syndrome can provide more ideas for clinical practice.

[Objective]To explore the inheritance and development of ZHANG Jingyue from ZHU Danxi,a Zhejiang traditional Chinese medicine doctor,in the Ming Dynasty on the diagnosis and treatment of depression syndrome.[Methods]By means of literature research and data mining,the"depression syndrome database"was constructed,ZHANG Jingyue and ZHU Danxi's articles related to depression syndrome were screened and studied,and their academic thoughts were summarized and compared from the aspects of principle-method-recip-medicines based on Jingyue Quanshu and ZHU Danxi Medical Book.[Results]Both recognized the pathogenesis theory of Qi and blood accumulation and lifting,but ZHANG Jingyue attached importance to the role of human Qi movement,which was different from the view that Danxi attached importance to the spleen and stomach.In the syndrome differentiation,based on pathological factors,ZHU Danxi divided the depression syndrome into six types of Qi,blood and dampness,phlegm and heat.ZHANG Jingyue absorbed the theory of"six depressions"and divided it into the depression of five Qi and the depression of emotion.In terms of medication,Danxi started from the spleen,liver and lung meridian,removing evil as the main,coming Qi movement as the key,supplemented by sweet and soothing herbs and nourishing Yin.ZHANG Jingyue mainly used warm and supplementing herbs,and attached importance to nourishing Yin,and used the method of dispelling evil,so it could be summarized as reinforcement and elimination in combination,mainly reinforcement.[Conclusion]Both ZHU Danxi and ZHANG Jingyue agreed that the key to the emergence of depression lied in the disharmony of Qi and blood.ZHU Danxi divided depression into"Six Depressions",dispelling evil as the key;ZHANG Jingyue divided it into the depression of five Qi and the depression of emotion,reinforcing and eliminating in combination,especially nourishing Yin.On the basis of inheriting the theory of ZHU Danxi,ZHANG Jingyue formed a unique system of depression syndrome differentiation.The experience of the diagnosis and treatment of depression syndrome can provide a model for the current treatment of depression syndrome.

[Objective]To explore the time medical thought of WANG Mengying,a Zhejiang traditional Chinese medicine doctor,in the late Qing Dynasty.[Methods]By means of literature research,WANG Mengying's articles related to time were screened and studied,and studying the"constant"and"change"of"time"factors from the perspectives of"according to the time"and"according to the syndrome instead of time",so as to grasp the core content of clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.[Results]"According to time"and"syndrome focus instead of time"constituted the core content of WANG Mengying's time medicine.When the nature of the disease was consistent with the time factor,WANG believed that it was necessary to follow the time factor,which had two connotations:following the four seasonal rhythm and following the human rhythm.When the nature of the disease syndrome was inconsistent with the time factor,it must abandon the time factor and make treatment from the syndrome.It had three connotations:following the syndrome instead of the four seasonal rhythm,following the syndrome instead of the human rhythm,following the syndrome instead of the five movements and six Qi.[Conclusion]WANG Mengying's discussion on the"time"factor was rich and distinctive.From the perspectives of"according to the time"and"syndrome focus instead of time",WANG discussed the"constant"and"change"in treatment based on syndrome differentiation,it can provide reference for the current diseases diagnosis and treatment,and enrich the academic content of Zhejiang traditional Chinese medicine.

It is believed that acupuncture science of Buddhist medicine has a long history and great characteristics after the investigation, research and analysis on the historic literature of acupuncture in Chinese Buddhist Canon. The writers tried to give the statements from 4 aspects. 1. Science of acupuncture in the time of Buddha. Firstly, the Buddhist acupuncture was mentioned in the time of Buddha, including substantial acupuncture, finger acupuncture and mental acupuncture. The substantial acupuncture refers to metal needle, plant needle, stone needle, bone needle, etc. Finger acupuncture means taking finger as a needle. Mental acupuncture implies that the Buddhism idea is considered in acupuncture. Secondly, the Buddhist medicine is the combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine. The needle box had become the necessity of the medical scholars in traveling. 2. Achievements of medical Buddhists in dynasties. In the paper, 33 medical Buddhists were listed, such as, etc. They made the great contributions to the development of Buddhist medicine of acupuncture. 3. The characteristics of Buddhist acupuncture in clinical diagnosis and treatment. 1) The combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine and this mutual supplementation; 2) Mutual treatment of acupuncture and psychological therapy; 3) Remarkable therapeutic effects of specific acupuncture techniques, such asneedling technique and acupotomy; 4) Medical cases of Buddhist acupuncture; and 5) Precaution of misdiagnosis and prevention of mistreatment. 4. The penetrating statement of acupuncture techniques by the Buddhists in dynasties. 1) The cause-effect theory is introduced in treatment and diagnosis by medical Buddhists. The effectiveness is achieved through causality system. 2) Cataract is treated with gold needle. 3) The medical master is not qualified if nothing to know on acupuncture. The authors believe that the substantial acupuncture techniques need to be further studied and the non-substantial one requests us to be perceived.