Objective To investigate the value of intravital fluorescence microscopy in the observation of the changes of hepatic microcirculation in the rat model with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods Seventy male SD rats were selected.According to the random number table,40 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,bile duct ligation (BDL) 2 weeks group,4 weeks group and 6 weeks group,there were 10 rats in each group,and the hepatic microcirculation of the rats was observed with intravital fluorescence microscope; the remaing 30 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal saline (NS) group,endothelin-1 (ET-1) group and the S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO) group at 4 weeks later after the establishment of BDL model.The changes of hepatic microcirculation of the 3 groups were observed.All data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or paired samples t test.Results Nine rats died in the BDL model groups,and the survival rate was 85.0％ (51/60).All rats in the sham operation group were survived.The hepatic sinusoid diameters were decreased as time passed by.The hepatic sinusoid diameters of the BDL 2 weeks group,4 weeks group and 6 weeks group were (13.6 ± 1.0) μm,(8.8 ± 0.7) μm and (8.0 ± 0.5) μm,respectively,which were significantly shorter than (17.4 ± 1.0) μm of the sham operation group (t =5.86,18.24,15.57,P ＜ 0.05).The hepatic sinusoid densities of the BDL 2 weeks group,4 weeks group and 6 weeks group were (6.8 ±0.8)/ 200 μm,(4.3 ± 1.8)/200 μm and (4.0 ± 1.2)/200 μm,which were significandy lesser than (8.8 ± 0.5)/200 μm (t =3.25,2.77,2.12,P ＜ 0.05).At 15 minutes after injection of NS,the hepatic sinusoid diameter of the NS group was (7.2 ± 1.2) μm,which was significantly different from (6.9 ± 0.5) μm before injection of NS (t =0.89,P ＞ 0.05) ; the hepatic sinusoid density of the NS group before and after injection of NS were (6.6 ± 0.4) / 200 μm and (6.8 ± 1.4)/200 μm,with no significant difference(t =1.12,P ＞0.05).At 15 minutes after injection of ET-1,the hepatic sinusoid diameter of the ET-1 group was (5.4 ±0.5) μm,which was significantly different from (7.9 ± 0.6) μm before injection of ET-1 (t =7.39,P ＜ 0.05) ; the hepatic sinusoid density of the ET-1 group before and after ET-1 injection were (5.8 ± 1.2)/200 μm and (5.4 ± 1.8)/200 μm,with no significant difference(t =0.84,P ＞0.05).At 15 minutes after injection of the GSNO,the hepatic sinusoid diameter of the GSNO group was (11.4 ± 1.3) μm,which was significantly different from (7.5 ± 1.7) μm before injection of GSNO (t =5.95,P ＜ 0.05) ; the hepatic sinusoid density of the GSNO group before and after GSNO injection were(5.6 ± 0.8)/200 μm and (6.4 ± 1.6)/200 μm,with no significant difference (t =0.54,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The changes of hepatic microcirculation observed under intravital fluorescence microscope could reflect the progress of hepatic cirrhosis,and the changes of hepatic sinusoid diameters caused by drugs could be dynamically monitored under the intravital fluorescence microscope.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 111 patients who received liver transplantation from November 2000 to December 2007 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The recipients were diagnosed as having CMV infection by the predisposing factors, clinical symptoms and detection of CMV-PP65 and CMV-IgM in peripheral blood specimens in combination with chest X-ray. The treatment of CMV infection was administration of Ganciclovir. Results Five recipients were diagnosed as having CMV infection, with the incidence of 4.5%. Two were diagnosed as having CMV pneumonitis, with the incidence of 1.8% (40% of the recipients having CMV infection). Two were both improved. Three were diagnosed as having CMV active infection. Two of them were cured and one was improved. Conclusion The detection of CMV-PP65 is necessary for early diagnosis and guiding treatment of CMV infection. Ganciclovir can exert significant therapeutic effects on CMV infection.

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD). Methods Clinical data of both the donors and recipients (n=182) undergoing liver transplantation from DCD were retrospectively analyzed. According to the type of primary diseases, 182 recipients were divided into the benign group (n=135) and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) group (n=47). Perioperative conditions, 1- and 3-year survival rate of the recipients were statistically compared between two groups. Clinical prognosis and the incidence of postoperative complications of the recipients were summarized. Postoperative complications mainly included early allograft dysfunction (EAD), vascular complications, acute kidney injury (AKI), pulmonary infection, acute rejection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and billiary tract complication. Results No statistical significance was identified in the anhepatic phase, operation time and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay between two groups (all P>0.05). The 1-year survival rates of the 182 recipients and grafts were 93.1%, and 84.9% for the 3-year survival rates. In the benign group, the 1- and 3-year survival rates of the recipients were 92.5% and 88.1%. In the liver cancer group, the 1-year survival rate of the recipients was 95%, 91% for the disease-free survival rate, and 78% for the 3-year survival rate, respectively. No statistical significance was noted in the overall survival rate of the recipients between two groups (P=0.879). In terms of postoperative complications, billiary tract complications occurred in 26 patients, vascular complications in 14, AKI in 34, pulmonary infection in 22, acute rejection in 11, EAD in 11 and CMV infection in 10. The incidence of postoperative billiary tract complications in patients with T-tube insertion was significantly lower than that in their counterparts without T-tube insertion (8% vs. 19%, P<0.05). Conclusions Liver transplantation from DCD is an efficacious treatment for end-stage liver diseases and liver cancer, which yields relatively high short-term clinical efficacy.

Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center introduces the concept of CDIO (conceive, design, implement and operate) into the training practice of medicine-engineering interdisciplinary talents. By optimizing the curriculum and graduate training mechanism, building academic exchanges and innovative experimental platforms, and guiding students to carry out scientific research oriented to clinical problems, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center uses medical and industrial methods to solve clinical problems and produce medical achievements. The application of the CDIO model is conducive to deepening students' understanding of interdisciplinary knowledge, forming a fused innovative thinking, and improving the ability to solve problems and cooperate with others. The CDIO model is also conducive to the growth of high-level composite innovative talents, clinical technology innovation, team construction and discipline development, which provides new ideas for exploring the training of medical and engineering interdisciplinary talents.

A biliary contrast agents pushing device, including a syringe pushing system and a remote controller is introduced. The syringe pushing system comprises an injector card slot, a support platform and an injection bolus fader. A 20 mL syringe can be fitted on the syringe pushing system and kept with the ground about 30 degree. This system can perform air bubble pumping back and contrast agents bolus injection as well as speed adjustment. Remote controller is an infrared remote control which can start and stop the syringe pushing system. With this device, the remote controlled cholangiography technology can be achieved, which can not only protect doctors from X-ray radiation but also improve the traditional T-tube cholangiography and the contrast effect, reduce postoperative complications in patients as well. The application of this device will improve the current diagnosis and treatment system, the device will benefit the majority of doctors and patients.
Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections ; Postoperative Complications ; Syringes